Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 12 December 1978 to elect 154 members of the National Assembly. Another 77 members appointed by President Park Chung-hee were indirectly elected by the National Conference for Unification on 21 December 1978.
12 and 21 December 1978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
154 of the 231 seats in the National Assembly 78 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 77.08% ( 5.72pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results by constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Despite garnering 169,000 fewer popular votes than the opposition New Democratic Party, the ruling Democratic Republican Party won a supermajority victory with 68 of the 154 elected seats in the National Assembly and an additional 77 members appointed by President Park. Voter turnout was 77.1%.
Electoral system
Two-thirds of the seats were elected from two-member constituencies via single non-transferable vote. The remaining one-third of the seats were presidential appointees, nominated by president Park and confirmed by the National Conference for Unification elected in May 1978.
Results
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Democratic Party | 4,861,204 | 32.82 | 61 | +9 | |
| Democratic Republican Party | 4,695,995 | 31.70 | 68 | –5 | |
| Democratic Unification Party | 1,095,057 | 7.39 | 3 | +1 | |
| Independents | 4,160,187 | 28.09 | 22 | +3 | |
| Presidential appointees | 77 | +4 | |||
| Total | 14,812,443 | 100.00 | 231 | +12 | |
| Valid votes | 14,812,443 | 98.60 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 210,927 | 1.40 | |||
| Total votes | 15,023,370 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 19,489,490 | 77.08 | |||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | |||||
By city/province
| Region | Total seats | Seats won | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRP | NDP | DUP | Ind. | ||
| Seoul | 22 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 1 |
| Busan | 10 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| Gyeonggi | 16 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
| Gangwon | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| North Chungcheong | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| South Chungcheong | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
| North Jeolla | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| South Jeolla | 20 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 4 |
| North Gyeongsang | 22 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| South Gyeongsang | 18 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 3 |
| Jeju | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 146 | 68 | 61 | 3 | 22 |
Presidential appointees
On 21 December 1978, the National Conference for Unification indirectly elected 77 members of the National Assembly appointed by President Park Chung-hee. Out of the 2,581 delegates, 2,573 were present with 2,539 of them approving the election of Park's appointees.
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presidential appointees | 2,539 | 99.10 | 77 | |
| Against | 23 | 0.90 | – | |
| Total | 2,562 | 100.00 | 77 | |
| Valid votes | 2,562 | 99.57 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 11 | 0.43 | ||
| Total votes | 2,573 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,581 | 99.69 | ||
| Source: JoongAng Ilbo | ||||
By city/province
| Region | Votes | Delegates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For | Against | Invalid | Voted | Absent | Total | |
| Seoul | 376 | 9 | 4 | 389 | 2 | 391 |
| Busan | 143 | 1 | 1 | 145 | 0 | 145 |
| Gyeonggi | 319 | 0 | 0 | 319 | 0 | 319 |
| Gangwon | 149 | 2 | 0 | 151 | 0 | 151 |
| North Chungcheong | 130 | 1 | 0 | 131 | 0 | 131 |
| South Chungcheong | 229 | 4 | 1 | 234 | 0 | 234 |
| North Jeolla | 200 | 1 | 0 | 201 | 2 | 203 |
| South Jeolla | 310 | 1 | 1 | 312 | 0 | 312 |
| North Gyeongsang | 373 | 2 | 1 | 376 | 3 | 379 |
| South Gyeongsang | 284 | 2 | 2 | 288 | 1 | 289 |
| Jeju | 26 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 0 | 27 |
| Total | 2,539 | 23 | 11 | 2,573 | 8 | 2,581 |
| Source: Naver News Library | ||||||
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