General elections were held in Peru on 11 April 2021. The presidential election, which determined the president and the vice presidents, required a run-off between the two top candidates, which was held on 6 June. The congressional elections determined the composition of the Congress of Peru, with all 130 seats contested.
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Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 70.05% (first round) 74.57% (second round) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 130 seats in the Congress of Peru 66 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Pedro Castillo, a member of the left-wing Free Peru party, received the most votes in the first round. In the second round he faced Keiko Fujimori, the leader of the right-wing populist Popular Force who had previously lost the run-offs of the 2011 and the 2016 elections. Both candidates were surprise contenders; Fujimori had initially been discounted due to her preventive imprisonment for a year, while Castillo was a political newcomer who was previously unknown to the public.
The official count of the second round by the National Office of Electoral Processes indicated that Castillo had won with 50.13% of the vote, a lead of 44,263 over Fujimori. However, the declaration of an official outcome certifying the result by the National Jury of Elections was delayed following accusations of electoral fraud by opposition politicians. Castillo was ultimately named president-elect by the National Jury of Elections on 19 July, and was inaugurated on 28 July. The opposition gained control of Congress.
Electoral system
Presidential election
The President of Peru is elected using the two-round system. The first round voting was held on 11 April and allows eligible voters to vote for any viable presidential candidate. The top two candidates who receive a plurality of the vote proceed to the run-off election, which took place on 6 June. The winner of the run-off election and the presidential election is the candidate who receives a plurality of the popular vote. However, if in the first round the candidate who is in the first place already gets more than 50% of the popular vote, that candidate will automatically win the election and a run-off election will no longer be needed.
Congressional elections
The 130 members of Congress are elected in 27 multi-member constituencies using open list proportional representation. To enter Congress, parties must either cross the 5% electoral threshold at the national level, or win at least seven seats in one constituency. Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.
Andean parliament
Peru has five places in the Andean Parliament, elected using a common constituency by open-list.
Date
Early election proposal
President Martín Vizcarra initially presented legislation that would set the conditions for a snap election in 2020. If successful, Vizcarra would not be eligible for re-election. The 2020 proposed Peruvian general election would be held on 11 April 2020, to elect a new President of the Republic of Peru, along with 130 congressmen of the Congress of Peru. It was eventually decided to be held on 26 January 2020. Opposition lawmakers condemned Vizcarra's proposal, defending the practice of five-year terms. This constitutional reform was rejected.
Official election date
The 2021 Peruvian general election were held on 11 April 2021, to elect the president of the Republic of Peru, two vice presidents of the same party, 130 congressmen of the Congress of Peru and 5 Andean parliamentarians for a five-year term from 2021 to 2026.
On 11 April, 130 congressmen were elected in 27 electoral districts, corresponding to the 24 departments, the Province of Lima, the Constitutional Province of Callao and residents living abroad.
The elected congressmen were to be sworn in and assume office no later than 27 July 2021; the constitutional president of the Republic and his elected vice presidents were scheduled to do so on 28 July 2021.
Presidential nominations
Main presidential nominees
| Presidential tickets | |||||
| Go on Country – Social Integration Party | National Victory | Popular Force | Popular Action | Together for Peru | Podemos Perú |
| Hernando de Soto | George Forsyth | Keiko Fujimori | Yonhy Lescano | Verónika Mendoza | Daniel Urresti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the Institute Liberty and Democracy (1979–present) | Mayor of La Victoria (2019–2020) | Member of Congress From Lima (2006–2011) | Member of Congress From Puno / Lima (2001–2019) | Member of Congress From Cuzco (2011–2016) | Member of Congress From Lima (2020–2021) |
| Running mates | |||||
| 1st: Corinne Flores 2nd: Jaime Salomón | 1st: Patricia Arévalo 2nd: Jorge Chávez Álvarez | 1st: Luis Galarreta 2nd: Patricia Juárez | 1st: Gisela Tipe 2nd: Luis Alberto Velarde | 1st: José Antonio de Echave 2nd: Luzmila Ayay | 1st: María Teresa Cabrera 2nd: Wilbert Portugal |
| Alliance for Progress | Free Peru | Purple Party | Peruvian Nationalist Party | Popular Renewal | We Are Peru |
| César Acuña | Pedro Castillo | Julio Guzmán | Ollanta Humala | Rafael López Aliaga | Daniel Salaverry |
| Governor of La Libertad (2015) | Schoolteacher, union organizer from Cajamarca (1995–present) | Secretary General of the Office of the Prime Minister (2012–2013) | President of Peru (2011–2016) | Lima City Councilman (2007–2010) | Member of Congress From La Libertad (2016–2019) |
| Running mates | |||||
| 1st: Carmen Omonte 2nd: Luis Iberico | 1st: Dina Boluarte 2nd: Vladimir Cerrón | 1st: Flor Pablo 2nd: Francisco Sagasti | 1st: Ana María Salinas 2nd: Alberto Otárola | 1st: Neldy Mendoza 2nd: Jorge Montoya | 1st: Matilde Fernández 2nd: Jorge Pérez Flores |
- George Forsyth is a former football player who played as goalkeeper throughout his sports career. The son of diplomat Harold Forsyth, he entered politics as councilman of La Victoria District in 2010, and as the district's mayor from 2019 until his resignation in October 2020 to run for the presidency. Previously not-affiliated to party politics, he reached an agreement with National Restoration for his presidential run. Upon his registration, the party filed a name-change to be reorganized into National Victory for the general election. During his campaign, he was accused of having offered a position to one of his friends in La Victoria District with an excessive remunerations; the Public Ministry opened an investigation of the situation.
- Pedro Castillo is Free Peru's nominee and schoolteacher from Cajamarca. He is a former Ronda Campesina that defended rural areas from the Shining Path in the 1980s, and a politician with the centre-left party Possible Peru from 2002 to 2017. Castillo gained attention in 2017, as he led multiple teacher strikes in five regions against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski's administration. Controversy arose after he participated in a campaign of several virtual meeting with MOVADEF members. Castillo has called for the renegotiation of government contracts with large businesses and to rewrite the constitution to protect Peruvians from foreign control.
- Keiko Fujimori is the leader of the conservative and far-right Popular Force. The daughter of former president Alberto Fujimori, she still remains a polarizing figure in Peruvian politics since her last presidential run in 2016, but with lower support due to her parliamentary caucus's obstructionist role during the presidencies of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Martín Vizcarra. She continues to be viewed unfavorably by a number of people who oppose Fujimori for human rights abuses and corrupt practices, mostly from the left-wing spectrum, and who fear that her victory would mark a return of Fujimorismo. In addition, she has been involved in the Odebrecht scandal, for which she has served in pretrial detention since 2018 with conditional release in 2020. Among her first campaign appearances, she has vowed to pardon her father if winning the presidency in her third run.
- Yonhy Lescano is Popular Action's (AP) nominee. Serving in the Peruvian Congress from 2001 to 2019 representing the constituency of Puno then, Lima, he attained the nomination under a left-wing platform in a competitive primary against the more moderate Alfredo Barnechea.[failed verification] His support is based in the highlands, more punctually in Puno and surrounding rural areas. He opposed several times to the decisions of his party, as when Congress was dissolved in 2019, he supported Martín Vizcarra's measure and did not attend to the inauguration of Vice President Mercedes Araoz. His party was politically affected after Vizcarra's impeachment and the sudden rise to power of party member Manuel Merino, who held the position only for five days and promptly resigning after the a series of protests.
- Verónika Mendoza is Together for Peru's (JPP) nominee and leader of the democratic socialist New Peru movement. Since she could not register her own party on time for the election, she sealed a political accord with JPP for her presidential run. Her left-wing platform has remained controversial since her first presidential stint in 2016, in which she placed third and was key in Pedro Pablo Kuczynski's run-off victory by endorsing him to prevent Keiko Fujimori to win. She previously served in the Peruvian Congress from 2011 to 2016, representing the constituency of Cuzco.
- Rafael López Aliaga is the leader of Popular Renewal. A businessman with no relevant political experience, he gained political traction due to his ultraconservative rhetoric, adding to his self-proclamation as "the Peruvian Bolsonaro" due to his religious views and far-right policies similar to the Brazilian president. His campaign runs under a fully right wing platform opposed to abortion and same-sex marriage. His collaboration with Fujimorists and the Popular Force party of Keiko Fujimori has also been documented. During the campaign his businesses were accused of having a large debt with the SUNAT and of not paying personal debts to the state.
- Hernando de Soto is Go on Country's nominee. A free-market economist specialized in informal economy and on the importance of business and property rights, he was a main advisor for President Alberto Fujimori, assisting him with establishing macroeconomic stability for Peru in the aftermath of the Lost Decade. In addition, he has served as an economic advisor to world-leaders since the foundation of the Institute for Liberty and Democracy (ILD), an economic development think-tank based in Lima. In the public sector, he briefly served as a member of the board of directors of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, in 1979. In previous elections, he supported Keiko Fujimori's candidacies, serving as one of her advisors. His party has been described as a mere electoral vehicle by analysts due to his technical profile.
- Julio Guzmán is the founder and leader of the Purple Party. A former public administrator, he first ran for the presidency in 2016 for All for Peru, but was disqualified due to irregularities in the nomination process. His party is currently in government with Francisco Sagasti as President of Peru following the removal of Martín Vizcarra and resignation of Manuel Merino, which has affected negatively his campaign due to the government's management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. In addition, a scandal involving him escaping from a fire in an apartment during a lunch with a supposed mistress revealed in early 2020 further damaged his public image.
- Daniel Urresti is a former army general who first attained popularity as Interior Minister in the presidency of Ollanta Humala. Elected to the Peruvian Congress with the highest-vote count in 2020 with Podemos Perú, he attained the party's presidential nomination as the only candidate. He previously ran for the presidency for Peruvian Nationalist Party in 2016, although the party withdrew his ticket from the race, and placed second for mayor of Lima at the 2018 municipal election with Podemos Perú. He is currently under investigation for the murder of a journalist during his years in the Peruvian Army, which has proved negative to his campaign, in addition to his wry media exposure from years prior to Congress.
- Ollanta Humala is the leader of the Peruvian Nationalist Party and the only former President of Peru running for a second non-consecutive term. A former army lieutenant colonel, he remained unpopular throughout his presidency due to the few advances his government made, despite its economic stability, in addition to serving a short pre-trial detention from 2017 to 2018 for allegedly receiving bribes from Odebrecht, for which he continues to be under investigation alongside his wife, Nadine Heredia.
- Daniel Salaverry is We Are Peru's nominee. An architect from La Libertad, he started a career in politics for mayor of Trujillo with the Peruvian Aprista Party in 2010, and Popular Force in 2014. With the latter, he was elected to the Peruvian Congress in 2016. As a member of the majority caucus, he was elected President of Congress in 2018, but quit the caucus as he supposedly received pressure from the Fujimorist leadership to undermine Martín Vizcarra's presidency. As part of his campaign, Vizcarra remains his main political asset for his presidential run due to the former president's congressional candidacy for the constituency of Lima. As of 2021 he had an open investigation in the Public Ministry after being accused of falsifying his reports during his tenure as congressman.
- César Acuña is the founder and leader of Alliance for Progress. An entrepreneur in the field of education, he entered politics in 2000 when elected to the Peruvian Congress, in which he served until 2006. Subsequently, he served as mayor of Trujillo from 2007 to 2014, and as governor of La Libertad in 2015. He initially ran for the presidency in the 2016, but was disqualified for alleged vote buying in a campaign trail. In addition, his popularity has diminished due to his party's recent voting records in Congress, thus contradicting his campaign rhetoric, although at first leading the congressional polling after impressively attaining the second largest number of seats at the 2020 parliamentary election.
Minor presidential nominees
- Alberto Beingolea is the leader of the centre-right Christian People's Party. He previously served in the Peruvian Congress from 2011 to 2016. Prior to entering politics, he had a successful career as a sports journalist. Most recently, he ran for mayor of Lima in the 2018 municipal election, in which he placed fourth.
- Marco Arana is the leader of the Broad Front, a left-wing informal coalition of parties and unions. A former bishop from Cajamarca, he ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidency in 2016 with Verónika Mendoza as the party's presidential nominee. He served in the Peruvian Congress from 2016 to 2019.[citation needed]
- Rafael Santos is Peru Secure Homeland's nominee. A businessman in the agrarian exportation area, he entered politics when he successfully ran for mayor of Pueblo Libre in 2006. He was reelected in 2010, but failed to attain a third term in 2014. He was previously a member of the Christian People's Party.
- José Vega is the leader of Union for Peru. A congressman for the constituency of Lima, he further radicalized his party following his accord with the imprisoned military revolt leader, Antauro Humala, the brother of former president Ollanta Humala. He previously served a full term in the Peruvian Congress from 2006 to 2011.[citation needed]
- Ciro Gálvez is the leader of the National United Renaissance. A lawyer and notary based in Junín, his platform remains conservative, declaring to be in opposition to LGBT rights. For the election, his ticket includes former pastor and businessman Claudio Zolla as his first running-mate, due to a political accord with the New Peru Liberal Party, a libertarian movement led by Zolla.
- Andrés Alcántara is the leader of Direct Democracy. A left-wing populist, he presides the FONAVI housing pensioners association, for which he campaigned strongly since early 2000s until 2010 for the government's full pension devolution, which was achieved following via referendum. His campaign platform is poised in reforming and eventually replacing the Constitution of Peru. He ran for the vice presidency in the last three general elections.
Withdrawn nominees
| Party | Ticket | Withdrawal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | for President | for First Vice President | for Second Vice President | Date | Motive |
| Peruvian Aprista Party Partido Aprista Peruano | Nidia Vílchez Yucra | Iván Hidalgo Romero | Olga Cribilleros Shigihara | 16 January 2021 | Prompted upon the National Jury of Elections' rejection of inscription of parliamentary lists past the deadline. |
Rejected nominees
| Party | Ticket | Rejection | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | for President | for First Vice President | for Second Vice President | Date | Motive |
| Contigo Political Party Partido Político Contigo | Pedro Angulo Arana | Casimira Mujica | Alexander von Ehren | 22 December 2020 | Did not meet the deadline to register for the election on time. |
| Peru Nation Perú Nación | Francisco Diez Canseco | Nancy Cáceres | Manuel Salazar | 22 December 2020 | Did not meet the deadline to register for the election on time. |
| Front of Hope 2021 Frente de la Esperanza 2021 | Fernando Olivera | Elizabeth León | Carlos Cuaresma | 24 December 2020 | Party did not fulfill requirements for registration to participate. |
| All for Peru Todos por el Perú | Fernando Cillóniz | Blanca Wong | Jaime Freundt | 26 December 2020 | Party lacked the legitimacy to participate in the election due to unsolved internal legal disputes. |
Disqualified nominees
| Party | Ticket | Rejection | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | for President | for First Vice President | for Second Vice President | Date | Motive |
| Union for Peru Unión por el Perú | José Vega | Haydee Andrade | Daniel Barragán | 29 December 2020 | Incomplete information regarding income on the nominees registration form. The decision was ultimately revoked by the National Jury of Elections, thus admitting and registering the ticket on 6 February 2021. |
| Alliance for Progress Alianza para el Progreso | César Acuña | Carmen Omonte | Luis Iberico Núñez | 8 January 2021 | Incomplete information regarding the presidential nominee's income in registration form. Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 22 January 2021, following an appeal. |
| We Can Peru Podemos Peru | Daniel Urresti | Maria Teresa Cabrera | Wilbert Portugal | 4 February 2021 | Unanswered questions about the internal democracy of the party. Disqualifiation revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 18 February 2021, following an appeal. |
| National Victory Victoria Nacional | George Forsyth | Patricia Arévalo | Jorge Chávez Álvarez | 10 February 2021 | Incomplete information regarding income on the nominees registration form. Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 5 March 2021, following an appeal. |
| Popular Renewal Renovación Popular | Rafael López Aliaga | Neldy Mendoza | Jorge Montoya | 25 February 2021 | Nominee's public statement on donating his salary to charity if elected president is presumed as alleged vote buying. Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 5 March 2021, following an appeal. |
| National United Renaissance Renacimiento Unido Nacional | Ciro Gálvez | Sonia García | Claudio Zolla | 25 February 2021 | Incomplete information regarding the presidential nominee's income in registration form. Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 5 March 2021, following an appeal. |
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