The 2025 United States state legislative elections were held on November 4, 2025, for two state legislative chambers in two states. Across the fifty states, 3 percent of all lower house seats were up for election, with no upper house having regularly scheduled elections. These elections take place concurrently with several other state and local elections, including the 2025 gubernatorial elections.
November 4, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 legislative chambers 2 states | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Map of upper house elections: Special elections held or to be held No regularly-scheduled elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Map of lower house elections: Democratic hold Special elections held or to be held No regularly-scheduled elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Democrats expanded their majorities in the Virginia House of Delegates and the New Jersey General Assembly, gaining a supermajority in the latter, in the November general election. They also flipped seven legislative seats across the country in special elections throughout the year while generally outperforming districts' partisan lean in other races. Several other special elections determined partisan control of legislative chambers, though each party held their respective seats in these, resulting in no change of control. This is the first time that no state legislative chamber has changed partisan control since 2015.
Background
The 2025 state legislative elections were the first held during the second presidency of Donald Trump following his victory in the 2024 presidential election. Republicans had seen very modest coattails in the 2024 legislative elections, flipping a net of just over 50 seats from the Democrats and breaking Democratic trifectas in two states, but establishing no new trifectas of their own. Entering 2025, Republicans fully controlled 23 state governments, Democrats controlled 15, while 12 states were under split control. Only two states held regularly-scheduled legislative elections in 2025: New Jersey, which Democrats fully controlled, and Virginia, where Democrats controlled the legislature but not the governorship.
Party switching
Seven incumbent state legislators switched political parties during 2025, four leaving the Democratic Party and three leaving the Republican Party. In March, Daniel Thatcher, a moderate Republican Utah Senator left the party and joined the Utah Forward Party. Florida Senate Democratic leader Jason Pizzo announced he was leaving the Democratic Party to become an Independent in April 2025, citing the party's recent decline in power the state. He later announced an Independent run for governor of Florida. In May, Robin L. Webb, the last remaining rural Democratic member of the Kentucky Senate, left the party and joined the Republican supermajority. In June, Maine state senator Rick Bennett left the Republican Party and became an Independent, while simultaneously announcing a bid for governor of the state. In August, Maine state representative W. Edward Crockett left the Democratic Party and became an Independent for the same reason. In September, Republican Oregon State Representative Cyrus Javadi switched political parties and joined the Democratic supermajority. Later in September, South Dakota State Representative Peri Pourier left the Democratic Party and joined the Republican Party.
| State | Chamber | District | Legislator | Old party | New party | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | Senate | 37 | Jason Pizzo | Democratic | Independent | |
| Kentucky | Senate | 18 | Robin L. Webb | Democratic | Republican | |
| Maine | Senate | 18 | Rick Bennett | Republican | Independent | |
| House | 112 | W. Edward Crockett | Democratic | Independent | ||
| Oregon | House | 32 | Cyrus Javadi | Republican | Democratic | |
| South Dakota | House | 27 | Peri Pourier | Democratic | Republican | |
| Utah | Senate | 11 | Daniel Thatcher | Republican | Forward |
Issues
Affordability emerged as the defining issue of all the 2025 elections, beyond the state legislative level. While this worked in Republicans' favor in 2024, when Democrats held power, voters shifted their blame towards Republicans as the issue persisted amid Donald Trump's second term in office. Democrats particularly homed in on the cost of electricity amid rate hikes tied to the construction of artificial intelligence data centers. The election also took place during the 2025 government shutdown, caused by disagreements over federal healthcare subsidies, which particularly affected Virginia.
Summary table
Regularly scheduled elections are to be held in two of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections are to be held for 180 of the 7,383 legislative seats. This table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections will take place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.
| State | Lower house | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats up | Total | % up | Term | |
| New Jersey | 80 | 80 | 100 | 2 |
| Virginia | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Election predictions
Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive chambers. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the party, the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each chambers, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that election.
Most election predictors use:
- "Tossup": No advantage
- "Tilt": Advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
- "Lean": Slight advantage
- "Likely": Significant, but surmountable, advantage
- "Safe" or "Solid": Near-certain chance of victory
| State | PVI | Chamber | Last election | State Navigate October 1, 2025 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey | D+4 | General Assembly | D 52–28 | Safe D | D 57–23 |
| Virginia | D+3 | House of Delegates | D 51–49 | Safe D | D 64–36 |
National results
Democrats performed extremely well in the off-year elections, flipping 25 Republican-held legislative seats out of the 118 that were up, while losing none of their own. They gained 18 across the regularly-scheduled elections in Virginia and New Jersey and an additional 7 through special elections. These gains came amid electoral victories across the country, both at the statewide level and at the local level, for the Democratic Party. In contested special elections, Democrats performed 13 percentage points better on average than they did in the 2024 presidential election. No state legislative chambers changed partisan control, but Democrats gained a supermajority in the New Jersey General Assembly while breaking Republican supermajorities in the Mississippi Senate and Iowa Senate.
Multiple sources have compared the results to those from the 2017 elections, where Democrats made gains in both regular and special elections as a precursor to the blue wave 2018 election. These gains were attributed to the declining approval ratings of Republican President Donald Trump, as well as a focus on affordability. Democrats are attempting to maintain this electoral momentum into the 2026 elections, where they are targeting control of state legislative chambers in battleground states across the country, as well as attempting to break Republican supermajorities in several other states.
State summaries
New Jersey
All of the seats of the New Jersey General Assembly were up for election in 2025. Democrats had controlled the chamber since the 2001 elections. Democrats gained a supermajority in the chamber, flipping five seats for their largest majority since 1973.
| Party | Leader | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Craig Coughlin | 52 | 57 | 5 | |
| Republican | John DiMaio | 28 | 23 | 5 | |
| Total | 80 | 80 | |||
Virginia
All of the seats of the Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2025. Democrats had controlled the chamber since the 2023 elections. Democrats won in a landslide, gaining 13 seats, greatly expanding their majority, their largest since 1987. The most immediate effect of this victory was the survival of Democratic plans to pass a constitutional amendment to allow them to redraw the state's congressional districts amidst a flurry of mid-decade redistricting across the country. The amendment needs to pass the legislature in two consecutive legislative sessions before being sent to voters.
| Party | Leader | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Don Scott | 51 | 64 | 13 | |
| Republican | Terry Kilgore | 49 | 36 | 13 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | |||
Special elections
There were 93 state, 1 territorial, and 1 informal legislative special elections held in 2025. Four seats flipped parties in vacancy-related special elections: Georgia's 121st House District, Iowa's 1st and 35th Senate Districts, and Pennsylvania's 36th Senate District flipped from Republican to Democratic. Special elections called due to court-ordered redistricting in Mississippi allowed Democrats to break the Republican supermajority in the Mississippi Senate as well, gaining two seats, and gain one seat in the Mississippi House of Representatives. Many Democratic special election candidates have outperformed Kamala Harris' 2024 performance in their respective districts, often by 10 percentage points or more, but almost all featured turnout less than half of that of the 2024 election.
Democrats have additionally maintained their narrow control of the Minnesota Senate, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Virginia Senate, and Virginia House of Delegates, through special election victories, as well as reaffirming the tie in the Minnesota House of Representatives. Their gains in the Iowa Senate and Mississippi Senate allowed them to break the Republican supermajorities in those chambers as well.
Alabama
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 5 | Greg Reed | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to join Governor Kay Ivey's administration. New member elected June 24, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 11 | Randall Shedd | Republican | 2013 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 17, 2025, to become director of constituent affairs for Senate President Pro Tempore Garlan Gudger. New member elected August 26, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 13 | Matt Woods | Republican | 2022 | Incumbent resigned June 27, 2025, to join the State Senate. New member elected September 30, 2025, after the general election was cancelled. Republican hold. |
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| House | 12 | Corey Harbison | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent resigned April 16, 2025, to focus on time with his family. New member elected October 28, 2025. Republican hold. |
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California
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Assembly | 32 | Vince Fong | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent resigned May 24, 2024, to become a U.S. representative. New member elected February 25, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| Senate | 36 | Janet Nguyen | Republican | 2022 | Incumbent resigned November 30, 2024, to join the Orange County Board of Supervisors. New member elected February 25, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| Assembly | 63 | Bill Essayli | Republican | 2022 | Incumbent resigned April 1, 2025, to become U.S. attorney for the Central District of California. New member elected August 26, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on June 24, 2025. Republican hold. |
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Connecticut
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 40 | Christine Conley | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being nominated to the Workers' Compensation Commission. New member elected February 25, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Senate | 21 | Kevin C. Kelly | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent resigned January 8, 2025, after being nominated to the Connecticut Superior Court. New member elected February 25, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 113 | Jason Perillo | Republican | 2007 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 28, 2025 to join the State Senate. New member elected April 22, 2025. Republican hold. |
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Delaware
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 1 | Sarah McBride | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent resigned January 2, 2025, to become a U.S. representative. New member elected February 15, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 5 | Kyle Evans Gay | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent resigned January 21, 2025, to become Lieutenant Governor of Delaware. New member elected February 15, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 20 | Stell Parker Selby | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent resigned June 24, 2025, due to long-term absence following a stroke. New member elected August 5, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Florida
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 3 | Joel Rudman | Republican | 2022 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to run for U.S. House. New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 32 | Debbie Mayfield | Republican | 2024 | Incumbent resigned June 9, 2025, to run for State Senate. New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| Senate | 19 | Randy Fine | Republican | 2024 | Incumbent resigned March 31, 2025, to run for U.S. House. New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 40 | LaVon Bracy Davis | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent resigned September 1, 2025, to run for State Senate. New member elected September 2, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 15 | Geraldine Thompson | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent died February 13, 2025, after complications from knee surgery. New member elected September 2, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 90 | Joseph Casello | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent died July 18, 2025, of a heart attack. New member elected December 9, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 11 | Blaise Ingoglia | Republican | 2022 | Incumbent resigned July 21, 2025, to become the Chief Financial Officer of Florida. New member elected December 9, 2025. Republican hold. |
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Georgia
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 21 | Brandon Beach | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent resigned May 6, 2025, to become Treasurer of the United States. New member elected September 23, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on August 26, 2025. Republican hold. |
|
| House | 106 | Shelly Hutchinson | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent resigned September 4, 2025, to take a caregiver role for an ailing family member. New member elected December 2, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Senate | 35 | Jason Esteves | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent resigned September 10, 2025, to focus on his run for governor. New member elected December 16, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 18, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 121 | Marcus Wiedower | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent resigned October 28, 2025, to focus on his employment. New member elected December 9, 2025. Democratic gain. |
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Iowa
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 35 | Chris Cournoyer | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent resigned December 16, 2024, to become Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. New member elected January 28, 2025. Democratic gain. |
|
| House | 100 | Martin Graber | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent died January 31, 2025. New member elected March 11, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 78 | Sami Scheetz | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent resigned April 1, 2025, to join the Linn County Board of Supervisors. New member elected April 29, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 1 | Rocky De Witt | Republican | 2022 | Incumbent died June 25, 2025, of pancreatic cancer. New member elected August 26, 2025. Democratic gain. |
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| House | 7 | Mike Sexton | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent resigned September 19, 2025, after being appointed Iowa state director for USDA Rural Development. New member elected December 9, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| Senate | 16 | Claire Celsi | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent died October 6, 2025 while in hospice care. New member elected December 30, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Kentucky
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 37 | David Yates | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent resigned October 8, 2025, to become Jefferson County Clerk. New member elected December 16, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Louisiana
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 14 | Cleo Fields | Democratic | 2019 | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to become a U.S. representative. New member elected February 15, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Senate | 23 | Jean-Paul Coussan | Republican | 2023 | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to join the Louisiana Public Service Commission. New member elected February 15, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 45 | Brach Myers | Republican | 2023 | Incumbent resigned March 11, 2025 to join the State Senate. New member elected outright after the May 3, 2025, special election was cancelled. Republican hold. |
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| House | 67 | Larry Selders | Democratic | 2019 | Incumbent resigned March 11, 2025 to join the State Senate. New member elected May 3, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Maine
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 24 | Joe Perry | Democratic | 2019 (special) | Incumbent resigned December 4, 2024, to become the Maine State Treasurer. New member elected February 25, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Massachusetts
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | Essex 6 | Jerry Parisella | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to become a District Court judge. New member elected May 13, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| House | Bristol 3 | Carol Doherty | Democratic | 2020 (special) | Incumbent died February 15, 2025, of pancreatic cancer. New member elected June 10, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Minnesota
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 60 | Kari Dziedzic | DFL | 2012 (special) | Incumbent died December 27, 2024, of ovarian cancer. New member elected January 28, 2025. Democratic (DFL) hold. |
|
| House | 40B | Jamie Becker-Finn | DFL | 2016 | Incumbent's term expired January 14, 2025. Representative-elect Curtis Johnson was ruled ineligible to serve for violating Minnesota's residency requirement. New member elected March 11, 2025. Democratic (DFL) hold. |
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| Senate | 6 | Justin Eichorn | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent resigned March 20, 2025, after being arrested for soliciting a minor for sex. New member elected April 29, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 34B | Melissa Hortman | DFL | 2004 | Incumbent assassinated June 14, 2025. New member elected September 16, 2025. Democratic (DFL) hold. |
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| Senate | 29 | Bruce Anderson | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent died July 21, 2025. New member elected November 4, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| Senate | 47 | Nicole Mitchell | DFL | 2022 | Incumbent resigned July 25, 2025, after being convicted of burglary. New member elected November 4, 2025. Democratic (DFL) hold. |
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Mississippi
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 18 | Jenifer Branning | Republican | 2015 | Incumbent resigned January 6, 2025, to join the Mississippi Supreme Court. New member elected April 15, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 23 | Andy Stepp | Republican | 2023 | Incumbent died December 5, 2024. New member elected April 22, 2025 after no one received over 50% of the vote on March 25, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 82 | Charles Young Jr. | Democratic | 2011 | Incumbent died December 19, 2024. New member elected April 22, 2025 after no one received over 50% of the vote on March 25, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 26 | Orlando Paden | Democratic | 2015 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025 to become the Mayor of Clarksdale. New member elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 24 | David Lee Jordan | Democratic | 1993 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025, to spend time with his family. New member elected December 2, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 26 | John Horhn | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025 to become the Mayor of Jackson. New member elected December 2, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Redistricting elections
Nine special elections for the Mississippi Senate and five special elections for the Mississippi House of Representatives were be held on November 4, 2025. These special elections were called as a result of redistricting mandated by a federal court designed to increase the number of majority-Black districts in both chambers to comply with the Voting Rights Act. Democrats flipped a total of three seats, breaking the Republican supermajority in the state Senate.
| Party | Before | Up | Won | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 36 | 7 | 5 | 34 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 16 | 2 | 4 | 18 | 2 | |
| Total | 52 | 9 | 9 | 52 | ||
| Party | Before | Up | Won | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 79 | 2 | 1 | 78 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 41 | 3 | 4 | 42 | 1 | |
| Independent | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Total | 122 | 5 | 5 | 122 | ||
New Hampshire
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | Strafford 12 | Dawn Evans | Democratic | 2024 | Representative-elect resigned December 2, 2024, after moving out of her district. New member elected June 24, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| House | Coos 5 | Brian Valerino | Republican | 2024 | Incumbent resigned June 19, 2025, after being appointed warden of the Northern New Hampshire Correctional Facility. New member elected November 4, 2025. Republican hold. |
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New Jersey
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 35 | Nellie Pou | Democratic | 2011 | Incumbent resigned January 3, 2025, to become a U.S. representative. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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New York
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 22 | Simcha Felder | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent resigned April 9, 2025, to join the New York City Council. New member elected May 20, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Assembly | 115 | Billy Jones | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent resigned August 29, 2025, for personal reasons. New member elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Oklahoma
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 8 | Roger Thompson | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent resigned November 1, 2024. New member elected May 13, 2025. Republican hold. |
|
| House | 71 | Amanda Swope | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent resigned January 28, 2025, to become director of the Tulsa Office of Tribal Policy and Partnerships. New member elected June 10, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 74 | Mark Vancuren | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to become a Deputy Tulsa County Commissioner. New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 97 | Jason Lowe | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent resigned April 7, 2025, to become an Oklahoma County commissioner. New member elected June 10, 2025, after the general election was cancelled. Democratic hold. |
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Pennsylvania
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 35 | Matthew Gergely | Democratic | 2023 (special) | Incumbent died January 19, 2025, after suffering a medical emergency. New member elected March 25, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Senate | 36 | Ryan Aument | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to become state director for U.S. Senator Dave McCormick. New member elected March 25, 2025. Democratic gain. |
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Puerto Rico
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 31 | Vimarie Peña Dávila | New Progressive Party | 2024 | Incumbent resigned August 18, 2025 to become the Mayor of Gurabo. New member be elected September 28, 2025. New Progressive hold. |
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Rhode Island
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Senator | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 4 | Dominick J. Ruggerio | Democratic | 1984 | Incumbent died April 21, 2025, of cancer. New member elected August 5, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 113 | Marvin Pendarvis | Democratic | 2017 (special) | Incumbent resigned September 16, 2024, after having his law license suspended. New member elected March 25, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| House | 50 | Will Wheeler | Democratic | 2017 (special) | Incumbent resigned January 17, 2025, to run for the South Carolina Circuit Court. New member elected June 3, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 21 | Bobby Cox | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent resigned in January 2026 to run for State Senate. New member elected December 23, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| House | 88 | RJ May | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent resigned August 11, 2025, after being indicted for possessing and distributing child sexual abuse material. New member elected December 23, 2025. Republican hold. |
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| Senate | 12 | Roger Nutt | Republican | 2024 | Incumbent resigned January 5, 2026, after being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. New member elected December 23, 2025. Republican hold. |
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Utah (informal)
Utah does not normally conduct special elections to fill vacancies in its legislature. Rather, new members are selected by party delegates who live in the district where the vacancy occurred, and then they are appointed by the governor. Daniel Thatcher, who left the Republican Party to join the Forward Party earlier in the year, asked that his replacement be appointed using approval voting in an election open to all voters in the district. He set up a website and in-person voting locations for this to take place.
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Senate | 11 | Daniel Thatcher | Forward | 2010 | Incumbent resigned December 12, 2025. New member elected December 11, 2025. Forward hold. |
|
Virginia
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 26 | Kannan Srinivasan | Democratic | 2023 | Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, to run for State Senate. New member elected January 7, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Senate | 10 | John McGuire | Republican | 2023 | Incumbent resigned December 11, 2024, to become a U.S. representative. New member elected January 7, 2025. Republican hold. |
|
| Senate | 32 | Suhas Subramanyam | Democratic | 2023 | Incumbent resigned November 11, 2024, to become a U.S. representative. New member elected January 7, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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Washington
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| House | 33 Position 1 | Tina Orwall | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent resigned December 10, 2024, after being appointed to the State Senate. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| House | 34 Position 1 | Emily Alvarado | Democratic | 2022 | Incumbent resigned January 21, 2025, after being appointed to the State Senate. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| House | 41 Position 1 | Tana Senn | Democratic | 2013 (appointed) | Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to lead the Washington Department of Children, Youth, and Families. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| House | 48 Position 1 | Vandana Slatter | Democratic | 2017 (appointed) | Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being appointed to the State Senate. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
|
| Senate | 5 | Bill Ramos | Democratic | 2024 | Incumbent died April 19, 2025. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 26 | Emily Randall | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024, to become a U.S. representative. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 33 | Karen Keiser | Democratic | 2001 (appointed) | Incumbent resigned December 10, 2024. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 34 | Joe Nguyen | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to lead the Washington State Department of Commerce. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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| Senate | 48 | Patty Kuderer | Democratic | 2017 (appointed) | Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025 to become the Washington State Insurance Commissioner. Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025. Democratic hold. |
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