The Amyotha Hluttaw (Burmese: အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်, IPA: [ʔəmjóðá l̥ʊʔtɔ̀]; lit. 'National Assembly') is one of the de jure houses of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 224 members, of which 168 are directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces. The last elections to the Amyotha Hluttaw were held in November 2015. At its second meeting on 3 February 2016, Mahn Win Khaing Than and Aye Thar Aung were elected Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw and Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as a whole. There is no upper house and lower house in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as both Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw enjoy equal status as per the constitution.
Amyotha Hluttaw အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော် | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
Term limits | 5 years; can serve for three consecutive years upon reelection |
| History | |
| Founded | 31 January 2011 |
| Preceded by | Pyithu Hluttaw (1974–1988) |
| Leadership | |
Speaker | Vacant since 31 January 2021 |
Deputy Speaker | Vacant since 31 January 2021 |
| Seats | 224 MPs |
| Elections | |
Last Amyotha Hluttaw election | 8 November 2020 (annulled) |
| Meeting place | |
| Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Complex, Naypyidaw | |
| Website | |
| www | |
After the coup d'état on 1 February 2021, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was dissolved by Acting President Myint Swe, who declared a one-year state of emergency and transferred all legislative powers to Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing.
Composition
The Amyotha Hluttaw consists of 224 members: 168 directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces, under a unique constitutional provision that has no parallel in the world. Twelve representatives are elected by each state or region (inclusive of relevant Union territories, and including one representative from each Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone).
2016–2021
| Amyotha Hluttaw elections, 2015 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| NLD | 135 | 132 | 60.27 | ||||||
| USDP | 11 | 113 | 4.91 | ||||||
| ANP | 10 | 4 | 4.46 | ||||||
| SNLD | 3 | 2 | 1.34 | ||||||
| TNP | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | ||||||
| ZCD | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | ||||||
| MNP | 1 | 1 | 0.45 | ||||||
| NUP | 1 | 4 | 0.45 | ||||||
| PNO | 1 | 1 | 0.45 | ||||||
| Independent | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | ||||||
| AMRDP | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
| SNDP | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||||
| Others | 0 | 18 | 0 | ||||||
| Military appointees | 56 | 25.00 | – | – | 0 | ||||
| Total | 224 | {{{votes}}} | |||||||
| Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region/State | NLD | USDP | ANP | SNLD | ZCD | PNO | TNP | MNP | NUP | Independent | Total |
| Kachin State | 10 | 1 | 1 | 12 | |||||||
| Kayah State | 9 | 2 | 1 | 12 | |||||||
| Kayin State | 10 | 2 | 12 | ||||||||
| Chin State | 9 | 1 | 2 | 12 | |||||||
| Mon State | 11 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||
| Rakhine State | 1 | 1 | 10 | 12 | |||||||
| Shan State | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | |||||
| Sagaing Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Tanintharyi Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Bago Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Magway Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Mandalay Region | 10 | 2 | 12 | ||||||||
| Yangon Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Ayeyarwady Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Total | 135 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 168 |
The 2015 election results are as of 20 November 2015. Military appointees are not included in the Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015 table.
2011–2016
| Party | Seats | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Union Solidarity and Development Party | 129 | 57.59 | |
| Rakhine Nationalities Development Party | 7 | 3.13 | |
| National Unity Party | 5 | 2.23 | |
| National Democratic Force | 4 | 1.79 | |
| All Mon Region Democracy Party | 4 | 1.79 | |
| Chin Progressive Party | 4 | 1.79 | |
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party | 3 | 1.33 | |
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party | 3 | 1.33 | |
| Chin National Party | 2 | 0.89 | |
| Pa-O National Organisation | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Kayin People's Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Taaung (Palaung) National Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Wa Democratic Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Kayin State Democracy and Development Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Military appointees | 56 | 25.00 | |
| Total | 224 | 100 | |
| Date | Constituency | Old MP | Party | New MP | Party | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August 2011 | Rangoon Division No. 3 | Phone Myint Aung | NDF | Phone Myint Aung | NNDP | Changed party membership |
| December 2011 | Rangoon Region No. 4 | Myat Nyana Soe | NDF | Myat Nyana Soe | NLD | Changed party membership |
| 28 January 2012 | Sagaing Division No. 2 | Bogyi aka Aung Ngwe | USDP | – | – | Deceased |
| Party | Seats won | Change | Seats before | Seats after | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union Solidarity and Development Party | 1 | 5 | 128 | 123 | |
| Rakhine Nationalities Development Party | 0 | 7 | 7 | ||
| National Unity Party | 0 | 5 | 5 | ||
| National League for Democracy | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
| National Democratic Force | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| New National Democracy Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| All Mon Region Democracy Party | 0 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Chin Progressive Party | 0 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party | 0 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Chin National Party | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Pa-O National Organization | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Kayin People's Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Taaung (Palaung) National Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Wa Democratic Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Kayin State Democracy and Development Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Independent | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Vacant | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Military appointees | – | – | 56 | 56 | |
| Total | 6 | 224 | 224 | ||
| Date | Constituency | Old MP | Party | New MP | Party | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 February 2013 | Rangoon Division No. 6 | Tin Shwe | NDF | – | – | Became a Deputy Minister |
| 2013 | Arakan State No. 4 | Maung Sa Pru | RNDP | – | – | Deceased |
See also
- Politics of Burma
- List of legislatures by country
- Assembly of the Union
- State and Region Hluttaws
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