Cadmium sulfate

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Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO4·xH2O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO4·H2O, but two other forms are known: the octahydrate (3CdSO4·8H2O) and the anhydrous salt (CdSO4). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.

Cadmium sulfate
Names
IUPAC name
Cadmium(II) sulfate
Other names
Sulfuric acid, cadmium salt (1:1),
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 10124-36-4 Y
  • 7790-84-3 (octahydrate) N
  • 13477-21-9 (tetrahydrate) N
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:50292 Y
  • CHEBI:86157 (octahydrate)
ChemSpider
  • 23335 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.288
EC Number
  • 233-331-6
Gmelin Reference
 8295
PubChem CID
  • 24962 (anhydrous)
  • 23618914 (tetrahydrate)
  • 16211218 (octahydrate)
RTECS number
  • EV2700000
UNII
  • 947UNF3Z6O Y
UN number 2570
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID1020229
InChI
  • InChI=1S/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2 Y
    Key: QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
  • InChI=1/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
    Key: QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-NUQVWONBAG
SMILES
  • [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula
  • CdSO4
  • CdSO4·H2O (monohydrate)
  • 3CdSO4·8H2O (octahydrate)
Molar mass
  • 208.47 g/mol (anhydrous)
  • 226.490 g/mol (monohydrate)
  • 769.546 g/mol (octahydrate)
Appearance White hygroscopic solid
Odor odorless
Density
  • 4.691 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
  • 3.79 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
  • 3.08 g/cm3 (octahydrate)
Melting point
  • 1,000 °C (1,830 °F; 1,270 K) (anhydrous)
  • 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K) (monohydrate, decomposes)
  • 40 °C (104 °F; 313 K) (octahydrate, decomposes)
Boiling point (decomposes to basic sulfate and then oxide)[quantify]
Solubility in water
    • anhydrous:
    • 75 g/100 mL (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K))
    • 76.4 g/100 mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))
    • 58.4 g/100 mL (99 °C (210 °F; 372 K))
    • monohydrate:
    • 76.7 g/100 mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))
    • octahydrate:
    • very soluble
Solubility in methanol slightly soluble
Solubility in ethyl acetate slightly soluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 −59.2×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)
 1.565
Viscosity
  • 2.41 mPa·s (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K))
  • 1.49 mPa·s (40 °C (104 °F; 313 K))
Structure
Crystal structure
  • orthorhombic (anhydrous)
  • monoclinic (mono & octahydrate)
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 123 J⋅mol−1·K-1
−935 kJ⋅mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H301, H330, H340, H350, H360, H372, H410
Precautionary statements
 P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310+P330, P304+P340+P310, P308+P313, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
1
1
Threshold limit value (TLV)
  • 0.01 mg/m3 (total dust)
  • 0.002 mg/m3 (respirable dust)
(TWA)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 107 mg/kg (oral, rat, analgous compound)
LC50 (median concentration)
 0.75 mg/L (goldfish, analgous compound)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 9 mg/m3 (as Cd)
Safety data sheet (SDS)
  • Fisher Scientific
  • Sigma-Aldrich
Related compounds
Other anions
  • Cadmium acetate
  • Cadmium chloride
  • Cadmium nitrate
Other cations
  • Zinc sulfate
  • Calcium sulfate
  • Magnesium sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Preparation

Cadmium sulfate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:[citation needed]

CdO + H2SO4 → CdSO4 + H2O
Cd + H2SO4 → CdSO4 + H2

The anhydrous material can be prepared using sodium persulfate:[citation needed]

Cd + Na2S2O8 → CdSO4 + Na2SO4

Applications

Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits. It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide. It is also used for electrolyte in a Weston standard cell as well as a pigment in fluorescent screens.[citation needed]

Structure

X-ray crystallography shows that CdSO4·H2O is a typical coordination polymer. Each Cd2+ center has octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.

Occurrence

Cadmium sulfates occur as the following rare minerals drobecite (CdSO4·4H2O),[contradictory] voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the octahydrate).[citation needed]

Safety

Cadmium sulfate (along with cadmium and its compounds) are classified as group 1 (human carcinogens) by IARC and have been identified as causing lung and prostate cancer as well as mutagenic effects in humans.

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