This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.
Background
Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:
- Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.
- Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
- Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.
All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.
Current rockets
Orbits legend:
- LEO, low Earth orbit
- SSO or SSPO, near-polar Sun-synchronous orbit
- polar, polar orbit
- MEO, medium Earth orbit
- GTO, geostationary transfer orbit
- GEO, geostationary orbit (direct injection)
- HEO, high Earth orbit
- HCO, heliocentric orbit
- TLI, trans-lunar injection
- TMI, trans-Mars injection
| Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Maximum payload mass (kg) | Reusable / Expendable | Orbital launches including failures | Launch site(s) | Dates of flight | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEO | GTO | Other | First | Latest | |||||||
| Angara A5 / Briz-M | Russia | Khrunichev | 48.7 m | 24,500 | 5,200 | 2,800 to GEO | Expendable | 3 | Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2014 | 2025 |
| Angara-1.2 | Russia | Khrunichev | 42.7 m | 3,700 | N/A | 2,400 to SSO 3400 to polar | Expendable | 6 | Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2022 | 2025 |
| Ariane 6 A62 | Europe | ArianeGroup | 63 m | 10,900 | 5,100 | 7,200 to SSO 4,800 to MEO 1,300 to GEO 2,600 to HCO 3,500 to TLI | Expendable | 4 | CSG | 2024 | 2025 |
| Atlas V 551 | United States | ULA | 58.3 m | 18,850 | 8,900 | 13,550 to SSO 14,520 to polar 3,850 to GEO | Expendable | 18 | VAFB, CCSFS | 2006 | 2025 |
| Atlas V N22 | United States | ULA | 52.4 m | 13,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3 | Cape Canaveral | 2019 | 2024 |
| Ceres-1 (3) | China | Galactic Energy | 20 m | 420 | N/A | 300 to SSO | Expendable | 15 | JSLC | 2022 | 2025 |
| Ceres-1S | China | Galactic Energy | 20 m | 400 | N/A | 300 to SSO | Expendable | 5 | OMSP | 2023 | 2025 |
| Chollima-1 | North Korea | NADA | > 38 m | > 300 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3 | Sohae | 2023 | 2023 |
| Electron | United States New Zealand | Rocket Lab | 18 m | 300 | N/A | 200 to SSO | Partially reusable | 71 | Mahia, MARS | 2017 | 2025 |
| Epsilon (2) | Japan | IHI | 24.4 m | 1,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | KSC | 2016 | 2016 |
| Epsilon (2) / CLPS | Japan | IHI | 24.4 m | N/A | N/A | 590 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | KSC | 2018 | 2022 |
| Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 13,000 | 3,500 | 1,000 to BLT | Partially reusable (launch site) | 526 | Vandenberg, Cape Canaveral, Kennedy | 2018 | 2025 |
| ~ 18,500 | 5,500 | 4,500 to MEO | Partially reusable (drone ship) | ||||||||
| 22,800 | 8,300 | 4,020 to TMI | Expendable | ||||||||
| Falcon Heavy | United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 30,000 | 8,000 | N/A | Partially reusable | 11 | Kennedy | 2018 | 2024 |
| 63,800 | 26,700 | 16,800 to TMI | Expendable | ||||||||
| Firefly Alpha | United States | Firefly Aerospace | 29 m | 1,030 | N/A | 630 to SSO | Expendable | 6 | VAFB, CCSFS | 2021 | 2025 |
| Gravity-1 | China | Orienspace | 31.4 m | 6,500 | N/A | 4,200 to SSO | Expendable | 2 | OMSP | 2024 | 2025 |
| GSLV Mk II | India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 6,000 | 2,250 | N/A | Expendable | 12 | SDSC | 2010 | 2025 |
| H3-22S | Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A | 4,000 | N/A | Expendable | 5 | TNSC | 2023 | 2025 |
| H3-24L/W | Japan | Mitsubishi | 63 m | 16,000 | 6,500 | N/A | Expendable | 1 | TNSC | 2025 | 2025 |
| Hyperbola-1 (2) | China | i-Space | 22.5 m | 500 | N/A | 300 to SSO | Expendable | 7 | JSLC | 2021 | 2025 |
| Jielong 1 | China | CALT | 19.5 m | N/A | N/A | 200 to SSO | Expendable | 1 | JSLC | 2019 | 2019 |
| Jielong 3 | China | CALT | 31.8 m | N/A | N/A | 1,500 (500 km SSO) | Expendable | 8 | OMSP | 2022 | 2025 |
| Kinetica 1 | China | CAS Space | 30 m | 2,000 | N/A | 1,500 (500 km SSO) | Expendable | 11 | JSLC | 2022 | 2025 |
| Kuaizhou 1A | China | ExPace | 19.8 m | 390 | N/A | 260 to SSO | Expendable | 27 | JSLC, TSLC, XSLC | 2013 | 2024 |
| Kuaizhou 1A Pro | China | ExPace | 19.8 m | 500 | N/A | 360 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | JSLC, TSLC, XSLC | 2024 | 2025 |
| Kuaizhou 11 | China | ExPace | 25.3 m | 1,500 | N/A | 1,000 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | JSLC | 2020 | 2025 |
| Long March 2C | China | CALT | 38.8 m | 3,850 | 1,250 | 1,400 to SSO | Expendable | 75 | JSLC, TSLC, XSLC | 1982 | 2025 |
| Long March 2C / YZ-1S | China | CALT | 38.8 m | N/A | N/A | 2,000 to SSO | Expendable | 9 | JSLC, XSLC | 2018 | 2025 |
| Long March 2D | China | SAST | 41.1 m | 4,000 | N/A | 1,300 to SSO | Expendable | 97 | JSLC, TSLC, XSLC | 1992 | 2025 |
| Long March 2D / YZ-3 | China | SAST | 41.1 m | N/A | N/A | 2,000 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | JSLC, XSLC | 2018 | 2024 |
| Long March 2F | China | CALT | 62 m | 8,400 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 27 | JSLC | 1999 | 2025 |
| Long March 3A | China | CALT | 52.5 m | 6,000 | 2,600 | 5,000 to SSO 1,420 to TLI | Expendable | 27 | XSLC | 1994 | 2018 |
| Long March 3B/E | China | CALT | 56.3 m | 11,500 | 5,500 | 6,900 to SSO 3,500 to TLI | Expendable | 98 | XSLC | 2007 | 2025 |
| Long March 3B/E / YZ-1 | China | CALT | 56.3 m | N/A | N/A | 2,200 to MEO | Expendable | 15 | XSLC | 2015 | 2024 |
| Long March 3C | China | CALT | 54.8 m | 9,100 | 3,800 | 2,300 to TLI | Expendable | 19 | XSLC | 2008 | 2025 |
| Long March 3C / YZ-1 | China | CALT | 54.8 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3 | XSLC | 2015 | 2025 |
| Long March 4B | China | SAST | 44.1 m | 4,200 | 1,500 | 2,800 to SSO | Expendable | 54 | JSLC, TSLC | 1999 | 2025 |
| Long March 4C | China | SAST | 45.8 m | 4,200 | 1,500 | 2,800 to SSO | Expendable | 58 | JSLC, TSLC, XSLC | 2006 | 2025 |
| Long March 5 | China | CALT | 56.9 m | ~ 25,000 | ~ 14,000 | 15,000 to SSO 4,500 to GEO 8,200 to TLI 6,000 to TMI | Expendable | 8 | WSLS | 2017 | 2025 |
| Long March 5 / YZ-2 | China | CALT | 56.9 m | N/A | N/A | 4,500 to GEO | Expendable | 1 | WSLS | 2016 | 2016 |
| Long March 5B | China | CALT | 56.9 m | 23,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 4 | WSLS | 2020 | 2022 |
| Long March 5B / YZ-2 | China | CALT | 56.9 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3 | WSLS | 2024 | 2025 |
| Long March 6 | China | SAST | 29 m | 1,500 | N/A | 1,080 to SSO | Expendable | 14 | TSLC | 2015 | 2025 |
| Long March 6A | China | SAST | 50 m | 8,000 | N/A | 4,000 to SSO | Expendable | 19 | TSLC | 2022 | 2025 |
| Long March 6C | China | CALT | 43 m | 4,500 | N/A | 2,500 to SSO | Expendable | 1 | TSLC | 2024 | 2024 |
| Long March 7 | China | CALT | 53.1 m | 13,500 | N/A | 5,500 to SSO | Expendable | 9 | WSLS | 2017 | 2025 |
| Long March 7 / YZ-1A | China | CALT | 53.1 m | N/A | N/A | 9,500 to SSO | Expendable | 1 | WSLS | 2016 | 2016 |
| Long March 7A | China | CALT | 60.13 m | N/A | 7,000 | 5,000 to TLI | Expendable | 13 | WSLS | 2020 | 2025 |
| Long March 8 822 | China | CALT | 50.34 m | 7,600 | 2,500 | 4,500 to SSO 1,500 to TLI | Expendable | 3 | WSLS | 2020 | 2025 |
| Long March 8 820 | China | CALT | 48 m | 4,500 | N/A | 3,000 to polar | Expendable | 1 | WSLS | 2022 | 2022 |
| Long March 8A | China | CALT | 50.3 m | 9,800 | 3,500 | 7,700 to SSO | Expendable | 5 | WSLS | 2025 | 2025 |
| Long March 11 | China | CALT | 20.8 m | 700 | N/A | 350 to SSO | Expendable | 12 | JSLC, XSLC | 2015 | 2023 |
| Long March 11H | China | CALT | 20.8 m | 700 | N/A | 350 to SSO | Expendable | 6 | OMSP | 2019 | 2025 |
| Long March 12 | China | CALT | 59 m | 10,000 | N/A | 6,000 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | WSLS | 2024 | 2025 |
| LVM 3 | India | ISRO | 43.4 m | 8,000 | 4,000 | 3,000 to TLI | Expendable | 7 | SDSC | 2017 | 2025 |
| Minotaur-C-XL-3210 | United States | Northrop Grumman | 27.9 m | 1,275 | N/A | 880 to SSO | Expendable | 2 | VAFB | 2004 | 2017 |
| Minotaur I | United States | Northrop Grumman | 19.2 m | 580 | N/A | ~ 430 to SSO 400 to Polar | Expendable | 12 | MARS, VAFB | 2000 | 2021 |
| Minotaur IV | United States | Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | 1,735 | N/A | 1,170 to Polar | Expendable | 3 | MARS, VAFB | 2010 | 2025 |
| Minotaur IV / HAPS | United States | Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | KLC | 2010 | 2010 |
| Minotaur IV / Orion 38 | United States | Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | CCSFS | 2017 | 2017 |
| Minotaur IV+ | United States | Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | 1,950 | N/A | 1,430 to Polar | Expendable | 1 | KLC | 2011 | 2011 |
| Minotaur V | United States | Northrop Grumman | 24.6 m | N/A | 678 | 465 to HCO | Expendable | 1 | MARS | 2013 | 2013 |
| New Glenn 7x2 | United States | Blue Origin | 98 m | 45,000 | 13,000 | N/A | Partially reusable | 2 | CCSFS VSFB | 2025 | 2025 |
| Nuri (KSLV-II) | South Korea | KARI | 47.2 m | 3,300 | N/A | 1,900 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | Naro | 2021 | 2025 |
| Pegasus XL | United States | Northrop Grumman | 16.9 m | 475 | 125 | ~ 325 to SSO 365 to Polar | Expendable | 29 | CCSFS, VAFB, MARS, Gando, Kwajalein Atoll | 1994 | 2021 |
| Pegasus XL / HAPS | United States | Northrop Grumman | 16.9 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 6 | VAFB, MARS | 1997 | 2005 |
| Proton-M | Russia | Khrunichev | 57.2 m | 23,700 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | Baikonur | 2021 | 2021 |
| Proton-M / Briz-M | Russia | Khrunichev | 58.2 m | N/A | 6,300 | 3,300 to GEO | Expendable | 101 | Baikonur | 2001 | 2023 |
| Proton-M / Blok DM-03 | Russia | Khrunichev | 57.2 m | N/A | 6,000 | 3,200 to GEO | Expendable | 7 | Baikonur | 2010 | 2023 |
| PSLV-CA | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | 2,100 | N/A | 1,100 to SSO | Expendable | 18 | SDSC | 2007 | 2024 |
| PSLV-DL | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | 1,257 to SSO | Expendable | 4 | SDSC | 2019 | 2024 |
| PSLV-QL | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | 1,523 to SSO | Expendable | 2 | SDSC | 2019 | 2019 |
| PSLV-XL | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | 3,800 | 1,300 | 1,750 to SSO 550 to TMI | Expendable | 27 | SDSC | 2008 | 2025 |
| Qaem 100 | Iran | IRGC | 15.5 m | 80 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3 | Shahrud | 2023 | 2024 |
| Qased | Iran | IRGC | 18.8 m | 40 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3 | Shahrud | 2020 | 2023 |
| Shavit-2 | Israel | IAI | 22.1 m | 380 in Retrograde | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 7 | Palmachim | 2007 | 2025 |
| Simorgh | Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 26 m | 350 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 8 | Semnan | 2017 | 2025 |
| Soyuz-2.1a | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 51.4 m | 7,020 from Baikonur 6,830 from Plesetsk 7,150 from Vostochny | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 55 | Baikonur, Plesetsk | 2013 | 2025 |
| Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.9 m | N/A | N/A | 4,450 to SSO | Expendable | 22 | Baikonur, Vostochny | 2006 | 2023 |
| Soyuz-2.1a / Volga | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.9 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | Baikonur, Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2016 | 2016 |
| Soyuz-2.1b | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 44.1 m | 8,200 from Baikonur 7,850 from Plesetsk 8,320 from Vostochny | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 20 | Baikonur, Plesetsk | 2008 | 2025 |
| Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.7 m | 5,500 | 3,060 | 4,900 to SSO 1,200 to HCO | Expendable | 59 | Baikonur, Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2006 | 2025 |
| SLS Block 1 | United States | NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman | 98 m | 95,000 | N/A | 27,000+ to TLI | Expendable | 1 | KSC | 2022 | 2022 |
| SSLV | India | ISRO | 34 m | 500 | N/A | 300 to SSO | Expendable | 3 | SDSC | 2022 | 2024 |
| Tianlong-2 | China | Space Pioneer | 32.8 m | 2,000 | N/A | 1,500 to SSO | Expendable | 1 | JSLC | 2023 | 2023 |
| Vega-C | Italy | ArianeGroupAvio | 36.2 m | 3,300 | N/A | 2,300 to SSO2,500 to polar | Expendable | 6 | CSG | 2022 | 2025 |
| Vulcan Centaur VC2 | United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 19,000 | 8,400 | 15,200 to polar, 3,900 to MEO, 2,600 to GEO, 6,300 to TLI | Expendable | 2 | CCSFS | 2024 | 2024 |
| Vulcan Centaur VC4 | United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 24,600 | 11,700 | 20,000 to polar, 6,200 to MEO, 4,900 to GEO, 9,200 to TLI | Expendable | 1 | VSFB, CCSFS | 2025 | 2025 |
| Zhuque-2E | China | LandSpace | 49.5 m | 6,000 | N/A | 4,000 to SSO | Expendable | 3 | JSLC | 2024 | 2025 |
- Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
- for Starliner
- Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.
- Sea-launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres-1 launch vehicle.
- Either 2 or 3 boosters recoverable.
- Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.
- A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 (designated LVM-3/CARE) without the cryogenic upper stage (CUS).
- A suborbital mission was conducted in 2024.
- Additionally, two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011.
- A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022.
- A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016.
- Suborbital test flight in 2004, without Fregat upper stage.
Rockets in flight testing
| Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Maximum payload mass (kg) | Reusable / Expendable | Orbital launches including failures | Suborbital test flights | Launch site(s) | Dates of flight | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEO | GTO | Other | First | Latest | ||||||||
| Angara A5 / Orion | Russia | Khrunichev | 54.9 m | N/A | 6,500 | 3,700 to GEO | Expendable | 1 | Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2024 | 2024 | |
| Angara A5 / Persei | Russia | Khrunichev | 54.9 m | N/A | 6,500 | 3,700 to GEO | Expendable | 1 | Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2021 | 2021 | |
| Eris Block 1 | Australia | Gilmour Space Technologies | 25 m | 305 | N/A | 215 to SSO | Expendable | 1 | Bowen | 2025 | 2025 | |
| GYUB TV2 | South Korea | MND | 19.5 m | 100 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | Jeju sea launch platform | 2023 | 2023 | |
| KAIROS | Japan | Space One | 18 m | 250 | N/A | 150 to SSO | Expendable | 2 | Spaceport Kii | 2024 | 2024 | |
| New-type satellite carrier rocket | North Korea Russia | NADA Khrunichev | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | Sohae | 2024 | 2024 | |
| Spectrum | Germany | Isar Aerospace | 28 m | 1,000 | N/A | 700 to SSO | Expendable | 1 | Andøya CSG | 2025 | 2025 | |
| Zhuque-3 | China | LandSpace | 66.1 m | 8,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | 1 | JSLC, WSLS | 2025 | 2025 | |
| 11,800 | Expendable | |||||||||||
| Zuljanah | Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 25.5 m | 220 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1 | 2 | Semnan | 2025 | 2025 |
Upcoming rockets
Upcoming launch vehicles
| Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Payload mass to ... (kg) | Reusable / Expendable | Launch Site (s) | Date of first flight | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEO | GTO | Other | |||||||
| Agnibaan | India | AgniKul Cosmos | 18 m | 100 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | SDSC | 2025 |
| Angara A5 / KVTK | Russia | Khrunichev | N/A | N/A | 7,500 | 4,500 to GEO | Expendable | Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2028 |
| Angara A5M | Russia | Khrunichev | N/A | 26,800 | 4,100-5,200 | N/A | Expendable | Plesetsk, Vostochny | 2027 |
| Angara A5P | Russia | Khrunichev | N/A | 18,200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | Vostochny | 2028 |
| Angara A5V | Russia | Khrunichev | 70 m | 37,500 | 13,300 | 8,000 to GEO ~15,000 to HEO ~10000 to TLI | Expendable | Vostochny | 2028 |
| Antares 330 | United States | Northrop Grumman Firefly Aerospace | 47 m | 10,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | MARS | 2026 |
| Ariane 6 A64 | Europe | ArianeGroup | 63 m | 21,900 | 11,700 | 15,500 to SSO 10,700 to MEO 4,700 to GEO 6,900 to HCO 8,600 to TLI | Expendable | CSG | 2026 |
| Aurora | Canada | Reaction Dynamics | 18 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | Nova Scotia | N/A |
| Aventura 1 | Argentina | TLON Space | 10 m | N/A | N/A | 25 kg to SSO | N/A | Launch platform | 2025 |
| Blue Whale 1 | South Korea | Perigee Aerospace | 21 m | 165 | N/A | 185 to SSO | Partially reusable | CETACEA 1 sea launch platform Esrange | 2025 |
| 190 | 220 to SSO | Expendable | |||||||
| Cosmos | Russia | SR space | 18.5 m | 390 | N/A | 310 to SSO | N/A | Vostochny, Yasny | N/A |
| Cyclone-4M | Ukraine | Yuzhnoye Yuzhmash | 38.9 m | 5,000 | 910 | 3,350 to SSO | Expendable | Nova Scotia | N/A |
| Dauntless | United States | Vaya Space | 18.3 m | > 500 | N/A | > 300 to SSO | Expendable | CCSFS, The Spaceport Company Launch Platform | 2026 |
| Daytona | United States | Phantom Space | 20.3 m | > 600 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | VSFB, CCSFS, ASC | 2026 |
| Eclipse | United States | Firefly Aerospace | 55.7 m | 16,300 | 3,200 | 2,300 to TLI | Expendable | CCSFS, MARS, VSFB | 2026 |
| Epsilon S | Japan | JAXA | 27.2 m | 1,400 | N/A | 600 to SSO | Expendable | KSC | 2026 |
| Gravity-2 | China | Orienspace | 70 m | 21,500 | 1,500 | 21,500 to SSO | Partially reusable | WSLS | 2025 |
| HANBIT-NANO HyPER | South Korea | Innospace | 21.7 m | N/A | N/A | 90 to SSO | Expendable | CEA, Andøya, ASC | 2025 |
| HANBIT-NANO LiMER | South Korea | Innospace | 21.8 m | N/A | N/A | 90 to SSO | Expendable | CEA, Andøya, ASC | 2025 |
| Hyperbola-3 | China | i-Space | 69 m | 8,500 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | JSLC | 2025 |
| 13,000 | Expendable | ||||||||
| H3-22L | Japan | Mitsubishi | 63 m | N/A | 4,000 | N/A | Expendable | TNSC | N/A |
| H3-30S | Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A | 2,100 | 4,000 to SSO | Expendable | TNSC | 2025 |
| Jielong 4 | China | CALT | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | N/A | N/A |
| KSLV-III | South Korea | KARI | 54 m | 10,000 | 3,500 | 7,000 to SSO 1,800 to TLI | Expendable | Naro | 2030 |
| Long March 9 | China | CALT | 114 m | 150,000 | N/A | 50,000 to TLI | Partially/fully reusable | WSLS | 2033 |
| Long March 10 | China | CALT | 89–93.2 m | N/A | N/A | 27,000 to TLI | Expendable | WSLS | 2027 |
| Long March 10A | China | CALT | 67.4 m | 14,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | WSLS | 2026 |
| 18,000 | Expendable | ||||||||
| Maia | France | MaiaSpace | 50 m | N/A | N/A | 500 to SSO | Partially reusable | CSG | 2026 |
| 1,500 to SSO | Expendable | ||||||||
| Miura 5 | Spain | PLD Space | 35.7 m | 1,080 | N/A | 540 to SSO | Partially reusable | CSG | 2026 |
| Nebula-1 | China | Deep Blue Aerospace | 21 m | 2,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | WSLS | 2025 |
| Nebula-2 | China | Deep Blue Aerospace | N/A | 25,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | WSLS | N/A |
| Neutron | United States New Zealand | Rocket Lab | 42.8 m | 8,500 | N/A | 6,000 to SSO 6,200 to polar | Partially reusable (launch site) | MARS | 2026 |
| 13,000 | 1,800 | 9,700 to SSO 10,100 to polar | Partially reusable (drone ship) | ||||||
| 15,000 | 2,800 | 11,500 to SSO 11,800 to polar | Expendable | ||||||
| New Glenn 9x4 | United States | Blue Origin | ~ 120 m | > 70,000 | N/A | 14,000 to GEO 20,000 to TLI | Partially reusable | N/A | N/A |
| NGLV | India | ISRO | 93 m | 23,000 | 9,600 | N/A | Partially reusable | SDSC | 2031 |
| NGLV-H | India | ISRO | 93 m | 31,700 | 12,400 | N/A | Partially reusable | SDSC | N/A |
| Nova | United States | Stoke Space | 40.2 m | 3,000 | N/A | N/A | Fully reusable | CCSFS | 2026 |
| 7,000 | 2,500 | 800 to HCO 1,250 to TLI | Expendable | ||||||
| Pallas-1 | China | Galactic Energy | 42 m | 8,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | WSLS / TSLC | 2025 |
| Prime | United Kingdom | Orbex | 19 m | 200 | N/A | 180 to SSO | Expendable | Sutherland | 2026 |
| RFA One | Germany | RFA | 30 m | 1,600 | 450 | 1,300 to SSO | Expendable | SaxaVord, Andøya, CSG, Whalers Way | 2025 |
| Rokot-M | Russia | Khrunichev | N/A | 1,950 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | Plesetsk | TBA |
| ŞİMŞEK-1 | Turkey | Roketsan | N/A | 400 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | İğneada | 2027 |
| Siraya | Taiwan | TASA | 25 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | N/A | TBA |
| Sirius 1 | France | Sirius Space | 24.7 m | N/A | N/A | 175 to SSO | Expendable | N/A | 2025 |
| Skyrora XL | United Kingdom | Skyrora | 22.7 m | 315 | N/A | 315 to SSO | Expendable | SaxaVord, Nova Scotia | 2026 |
| GYUB | South Korea | MND | 26.8 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | Jeju sea launch platform | N/A |
| SLS Block 1B | United States | NASA / Boeing Northrop Grumman | 111 m | 105,000 | N/A | 37,000 to TLI | Expendable | KSC | 2028 |
| SLS Block 2 | United States | NASA / Boeing Northrop Grumman | 111 m | 130,000 | N/A | 45,000 to HCO | Expendable | KSC | 2033 |
| SL1 | Germany | HyImpulse | 30 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | SaxaVord, CSG, Whalers Way | 2027 |
| Soyuz-5 (Irtysh) | Russia | TsSKB-Progress RSC Energia | 61.87 m | 18,000 | N/A | 2,500 to GEO | Expendable | Baikonur | 2025 |
| Soyuz-7 (Amur) | Russia | JSC SRC Progress | 55 m | 10,500 | 2,600 | 4,700 to SSO | Partially reusable | Vostochny | 2028 |
| 13,600 | Expendable | ||||||||
| Starship Block 3 expendable | United States | SpaceX | 150 m | 400,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | Starbase | TBA |
| Starship Block 3 | United States | SpaceX | 150 m | 200,000 | N/A | N/A | Fully reusable | Starbase | TBA |
| Terran R | United States | Relativity Space | 82 m | 23,500 | 5,500 | N/A | Partially reusable | CCSFS | 2026 |
| 33,500 | Expendable | ||||||||
| Tianlong-3 | China | Space Pioneer | 71 m | 17,000 | N/A | 14,000 to SSO | Partially reusable | JSLC, WSLS | 2025 |
| Tronador II-250 | Argentina | CONAE | 27 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | BNPB | 2030 |
| Vega-E | Italy | ESA ASI | 36.2 m | 3,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | CSG | 2026 |
| Vikram 1 | India | Skyroot Aerospace | 20 m | 315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 200 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable | SDSC | 2026 |
| Vikram 2 | India | Skyroot Aerospace | N/A | 520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 410 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable | SDSC | TBA |
| Vikram 3 | India | Skyroot Aerospace | N/A | 720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 580 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable | SDSC | TBA |
| Volans V500 | Singapore | Equatorial Space Systems | N/A | 150 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | N/A | 2026 |
| Vulcan Centaur VC0 | United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 10,800 | 3,500 | 2,300 to TLI | Expendable | VSFB, CCSFS | TBA |
| Vulcan Centaur VC6 | United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 27,200 | 14,400 | 6,500 to GEO 11,500 to TLI | Expendable | VSFB, CCSFS | 2025 |
| Zephyr | France | Latitude | 19 m | 100 | N/A | 80 to SSO | Expendable | SaxaVord | 2026 |
| Zero | Japan | Interstellar Technologies | 32 m | 800 | N/A | 250 to SSO | Expendable | Taiki | 2027 |
- Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
- provides the first stage, including engines
- Height for uncrewed version
- Height for crewed version
- with EUS
- with EUS and
advanced boosters
Retired rockets
Launch systems by country
The following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country, and broken down by operational status. Rocket variants are not distinguished; i.e., the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401–431, 501–551, 552, and N22.
10
20
30
40
50
AUS
BRZ
CHN
EUR
ESP
FRA
IND
IRN
ISR
JPN
NKR
NZL
RUS
SKR
TWN
UKR
UK
USA
- Operational
- In development
- Retired
See also
- Comparison of orbital launchers families
- Comparison of orbital rocket engines
- Comparison of crewed space vehicles
- Comparison of retired orbital launch vehicles
- Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
- List of space launch system designs
- Reusable launch system
- List of orbital launch systems
- Lists of rockets
- List of sounding rockets
- List of upper stages
- Non-rocket spacelaunch
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