"De Wilhelmus" (pronounced [də vilˈhælmus]; Luxembourgish for "The Wilhelmus") is the grand ducal anthem of Luxembourg. Lyrics for it were written in 1919 by Luxembourgish writer Nik Welter, although they are not often used in official performances. The anthem is performed whenever a member of the Grand Ducal Family enters or leaves an official ceremony, while the national anthem, "Ons Heemecht", is performed at national celebrations. It takes its name from the Dutch national anthem, but it has always since then been written with the Luxembourgish neutral article De as opposed to its namesake, written without or with the Dutch neutral article Het[citation needed]
| English: The Wilhelmus | |
|---|---|
Grand ducal anthem of Luxembourg | |
| Lyrics | Nik Welter, 1919 |
| Music | Unknown, 16th century |
| Adopted | 1919 |
History
"De Wilhelmus" shares a common origin with the Dutch national anthem, "Het Wilhelmus", which dates back to the 16th century, and is thought to be a trumpet call or cavalry charge typical of militaristic traditions from the period. Luxembourg was in personal union with the Netherlands and this melody was introduced in 1883 during the visit of Grand Duke William III as a part of a parade titled Vive le Roi, Vive la Reine ("Long live the King, Long live the Queen"). Even after the end of the personal union, the tune was used for parades and ceremonies.[citation needed]
In 1915, Luxembourgish author Willy Georgen wrote the first lyrics for the anthem, to commemorate the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Although his lyrics were supported by Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde, World War I and her 1919 abdication in favour of her sister Charlotte after suspicions of pro-German sentiment meant Georgen's lyrics were not officially adopted.
In 1919, Luxembourgish writer Nik Welter wrote lyrics for the melody on the occasion of the wedding of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Félix on 6 November that year. The anthem with Welter's words was first performed on 23 January 1920, Charlotte's 24th birthday,[citation needed] at the Te Deum service at Notre-Dame Cathedral by the cathedral choir, as an "anthem for the House of Luxembourg-Nassau-Bourbon". Around the same time, cathedral organist Jean-Pierre Beicht harmonised the anthem for a four-piece choir. Welter subsequently dropped the first verse he had written for the anthem, which was marked too strongly by the events of the time, leaving it with the present version.
In 1939, six months before the German invasion of Luxembourg, a slightly altered version of Willy Georgen's 1915 lyrics were published, but proved unpopular.
Lyrics
Although Welter's 1919 lyrics from 1919 remain official today, most Luxembourgers do not know them, as typically only the music is played on official occasions.[citation needed]
Second lyrics
| Luxembourgish original | IPA transcription |
|---|---|
I | 1 |
Original lyrics
| Luxembourgish original | English translation[citation needed] | German translation[citation needed] | French translation[citation needed] |
|---|---|---|---|
I | I | I | I |
See also
- "Ons Heemecht", the national anthem of Luxembourg
- "Het Wilhelmus", the national anthem of the Netherlands
Notes
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