Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information,[citation needed] georeferenced data and information,[citation needed] as well as geodata and geoinformation.[citation needed]
Geographic data and information is stored in geographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS). There are many different formats of geodata, including vector files, raster files, web files, and multi-temporal data.
Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.
Fields of study
Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly:
- Geocomputation
- Geographic information science
- Geographic information science and technology
- Geoinformatics
- Geomatics
- Geovisualization
- Technical geography
"Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."
The above is in addition to other related fields, such as:
- Cartography
- Geodesy
- Geography
- Geostatistics
- Photogrammetry
- Remote sensing
- Spatial data analysis
- Surveying
- Topography
See also
- Geomatics engineering
- Earth observation data
- Geographic feature
- Georeferencing
- Geospatial intelligence
- Ubiquitous geographic information
Further reading
- Roger A. Longhorn; Michael Blakemore (2007). Geographic Information: Value, Pricing, Production, and Consumption. CRC Press.
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