Hasan ibn Hasan

Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Hāshimī (Arabic: أَبُو مُحَمَّد الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِي ٱلْهَاشِمِي, romanized: Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Hāshimī, alias Hasan al-Mu'thannā; c. 661–715) was an Islamic scholar and theologian. He was a son of Hasan ibn Ali and Khawla bint Manzur. He was a grandson of the fourth caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and a great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan 4th Imam of the Zaydi Shi'ism
الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ

4th Zaydi Imam
In office 712–715
Preceded by	Ali Zayn al-Abidin
Succeeded by	Zayd ibn Ali

Personal life
Born	Hasan al-Mu'thannā c. 661 Medina, Hejaz, Arabia
Died	c. 715
Resting place	Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina
Nationality	Rashidun Caliphate
Spouse	Fatima bint al-Husayn Ramla bint Sa'id ibn Zayd Habiba al-Rumiyya
Children	ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl Ibrahim al-Ghamr al-Hasan al-Muthallath Ja'far Da'wud Muhammad Ruqayya Zaynab
Parents	Hasan ibn Ali (father) Khawla bint Manzur (mother)
Relatives	Zayd ibn Hasan ibn Ali (brother) Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan (nephew) Qasim ibn Hasan (brother) Abdullah ibn Hasan (brother) Bishr ibn Hasan (brother) Abu Bakr ibn Hasan (brother) Talha ibn Hasan (brother) Fatimah bint Hasan (sister) Husayn ibn Ali (uncle) Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya (half uncle)
Religious life
Religion	Islam

Al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan was a contemporary of Umayyad caliph al-Walid I.

Life

Hasan was born in Medina in c. 661. His father Hasan ibn Ali ruled briefly as caliph in 661 and was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Hasan's mother Khawla bint Manzur was a daughter of Manzur ibn Zaban, the chieftain of the Banu Fazara.

His mother was Khawla bint Manzur ibn Zaban ibn Sayyar Fazari. Hasan al-Muthanna was present in the Battle of Karbala. Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Hasani, in a tradition quoted from Abu Mikhnaf, he said that his age at that time was nineteen or twenty.

On the day of Ashura, he fought beside Imam Husayn and was injured and was kept as captive. His maternal uncle, Asma' ibn Kharijah Fazari, saved him. He was cured in Kufa; and after recovering, he returned to Medina.

Hasan ibn Hasan's uncle Husayn ibn Ali reportedly offered him to choose either of Husayn's two daughters Sukayna and Fatima, to be his wife. Hasan, who was too shy to accept, consequently chose Fatima, as she resembled his grandmother Fatima al-Zahra.

The caliph Al-Walid I had some correspondence with Al-Hassan Ibn Hassan through letters.

Children

Sayyed Ibn Tawus writes about the merit and nobility of Hasan ibn Hasan and some other children of Imam Hasan: "These are people whose lofty position and merit all Muslims acknowledged".

According to a part of a narration reported from Imam Reza about the continuation of the offspring of Imam Hasan and Imam Husayn, it is inferred that Hasan al-Muthanna had many children and Imam Hasan's offspring continued through him and another brother of his named Zayd. It has been reported in this tradition: "Hasan ibn Ali's offspring continued through two of his sons named Zayd and Hasan. Zayd had a son whose name was Hasan. Also, Hasan al-Muthanna had sons named Abd Allah al-Mahd, Ibrahim al-Ghamr and Hasan al-Muthallath from Fatima bint Husayn; Ja'far and Da'wud from Umm al-Walad; Muhammad from Ramla bint Sa'id ibn Zayd; who continued a third generation of Imam Hasan."

Although genealogically senior, Hasan's descendants never managed to establish serious claims to the imamate (other than Zaydism and Imams of Yemen). Moreover, many later shifted to Sunnism. The Banu Qatadah and the Hashemite dynasty claim descent from him.

The comparative genealogy of the Abbasid caliphs with their rival Zaydi imams

Abbasids

Caliphs of the Abbasid Caliphate
Caliphs of Cairo
Zaydi imams

ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
ibn ʿHāshīm

ʾAbū Ṭālib
ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib

Abū'l-Fādl
al-ʿAbbās ibn
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib

ʿAbd Allāh ibn
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib

ʿAlīyyū'l-Murtaḍžā
^{(1st Imām of Kaysāniyyā, Zaydīyyā, Imāmiyyā)}

Hibr al-Ummah
ʿAbd Allāh
ibn al-ʿAbbās

Khātam
al-Nabiyyin
Abū'l-Qāsīm
Muḥammad
ibn ʿAbd Allāh

Al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā
^{(2nd Imām of Kaysāniyyā, Zaydīyyā, Imāmiyyā)}

Hussayn ibn Ali
^{(3rd Imām of Kaysāniyyā, Zaydīyyā, Imāmiyyā)}

Abū'l-Qāsīm Muḥammad
al-Hānafīyya
^{(4th Imām of Kaysāniyyā)}

ʿAlī ibn
ʿAbd Allāh
al-Sajjad

Al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā
^{(5th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Ali al-Sajjad
(Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn)
^{(4th Imām of Zaydiyyā, Imāmiyyā)}

Abū Hāshīm
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad
^{(5th Imām of Hāsheemīyyā)}

Muḥammad
"al-Imām"
^{(6th Imām of Hāsheemīyyā)}
716/7 - 743

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī
^{(Governor of Syria)}
750–754

Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī
^{(Governor of Egypt)}
750–751

ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā

Zayd ibn Ali
^{(6th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Ibrāhim (Ebrāheem)
"al-Imām"
^{(7th Imām of Hāsheemīyyā)}
743 - 749

Abū Jāʿfar
ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mānṣūr
⁽²⁾
r. 754–775

Abū'l-ʿAbbās
ʿAbd Allāh
as-Saffāh
⁽¹⁾
r. 750–754

Mūsā ibn Muḥammad "al-Imām"

Nafsū'zZakiyya
^{(First elected caliph by Ibrāhim, Mānṣūr, Saffāh, Imām Mālīk & Abū Ḥanīfa)}
^{(8th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Yahya ibn Zayd
^{(7th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Abū Muslīm al-Khurāsānī
^{(Governor of Khurasan)}
748–755

Muḥammad
al-Mahdī
⁽³⁾
r. 775–785

Jāʿfar
^{(Wali al-Ahd & Governor of Mosul)}
762–764

ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā
^{(Governor of Kufa)}
750–765

ʿAbd Allāh
Shāh Ghāzī
(ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad)
^{(10th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā
^{ibn Ḥasan al-Mujtabā}
^{(9th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-ʿĀbid ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thallath
^{ibn Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā}
^{(12th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Hārūn
ar-Rāshīd
⁽⁵⁾
r. 786–809

ʿMūsā
al-Hādī
⁽⁴⁾
r. 785–786

^{(The Governors)}

Mūsā ^{(Kufa, Egypt & Medina)}
Ismā'īl
^(Egypt)
Dā'wūd

^(Medina)

Sulaymān
^{ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan II}
^{(Emir of Tlemcen)}
^{(Sulaymanid dynasty of Western Algeria)}

Yaḥyā
^{ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā}
^{(14th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā
^{ibn Ismāʿīl al-Dībādj ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghamr ibn
al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā}

Muḥammad
al-Mu'tasim
⁽⁸⁾
r. 833–842

Abd Allāh
al-Ma'mun
⁽⁷⁾
r. 813–833

Muḥammad
al-Amin
⁽⁶⁾
r. 809–813

Sūlaymān
^{ibn ʿAbd Allāh as-Sālih ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā}

Idrīs the Elder ibn ʿAbd Allāh
^{(Idrisid dynasty of Morocco)}
^{(15th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Muḥammad ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā
^{(16th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Jāʿfar al-Mutawakkil
⁽¹⁰⁾
r. 847–861

Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad
al-Mu'tasim

Hārūn
al-Wathiq
⁽⁹⁾
r. 842–847

Mūsā II
^{ibn ʿAbd Allāh as-Sâlih ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl}

Idrīs ibn Idrīs
^{(2nd Zaydī Imām of Idrisids in Morocco)}

Muḥammad
al-Muntasir
⁽¹¹⁾
r. 861–862

Ṭalḥa al-Muwaffaq
^(Regent)
870–891

Aḥmad
al-Musta'in
⁽¹²⁾
r. 862–866

Muḥammad
al-Muhtadi
⁽¹⁴⁾
r. 869–870

Ismāʿīl ibn Yūsūf
Al-Ukhayḍhir
^{ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā}

Al-Qāsīm
ar-Rassī ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā
^{(19th Imām of Zaydiyyā)}

Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad
^{(Wali al-Ahd & Governor of Syria)}
850–861

Aḥmad
al-Mu'tadid
⁽¹⁶⁾
r. 892–902

Muḥammad
al-Mu'tazz
⁽¹³⁾
r. 866–869

Aḥmad
al-Mu'tamid
⁽¹⁵⁾
r. 870–892

Muḥammad ibn Yūsūf
Al-Ukhayḍhir
^{(1st Zaydī Imām of Ukhaydhirites in Najd and Al-Yamama)}

^{Abūʾl-Ḥusayn
Al-Hādī ilāʾl-Ḥaqq}
Yaḥyā ibn
al-Ḥusayn
^{(1st Zaydī Imām of Rassids in Yemen)}

ʿAlī
al-Muktafī
⁽¹⁷⁾
r. 902–908

Jāʿfar
al-Muqtadir
⁽¹⁸⁾
r. 908–929,
929–932

Muḥammad
al-Qāhir
⁽¹⁹⁾
r. 929, 932–934

Jāʿfar al-Mufawwid
^{(Wali al-Ahd)}
875–892

Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib

ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mustakfī
⁽²²⁾
r. 944–946

Al-Faḍl
al-Mutīʿ
⁽²³⁾
r. 946–974

Ishāq ibn Jāʿfar al-Muqtadir

Muḥammad
al-Rādī
⁽²⁰⁾
r. 934–940

Ībrāhīm
al-Muttaqī
⁽²¹⁾
r. 940–944

Ḥasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibn ʿAlīyyū'l-Murtaḍžā

ʿUmar al-Ashraf ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ibn al-Ḥusayn

ʿAbd al-Karīm
al-Ṭāʾiʿ
⁽²⁴⁾
r. 974–991

Aḥmad
al-Qāʿdīr
⁽²⁵⁾
r. 991–1031

Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā

ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn

Al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a ibn Zayd ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn

ʿAbd Allāh
al-Qāʿīm
⁽²⁶⁾
r. 1031–1075

Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥasan ibn Zayd

Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf

Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a ibn Zayd

Muḥammad Dhakīrat ad-Dīn
^{(Wali al-Ahd)}
1039–1056

Zayd ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥasan

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf

ʿUmar ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a

ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mūqtādī
⁽²⁷⁾
r. 1075–1094

^{Al-Dāʿī al-Kabīr}
Hasan ibn Zayd
^{(1st Zaydī Imām of Zaydīds in Tabaristan)}

^{Al-Dāʿī al-Ṣaghīr}
Muhammad ibn Zayd
^{(2nd Zaydī Imām of Zaydīds in Tabaristan)}

Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmar
^{(20th Imām of Zaydiyyā in Samarra)}

Aḥmad
al-Mūstāzhīr
⁽²⁸⁾
r. 1094–1118

^{Al-Nāṣir liʾl-Ḥāqq}
Hasan al-Utrush
^{(3rd Zaydī Imām of Zaydīds in Tabaristan)}

Al-Faḍl al-Mūstārshīd
⁽²⁹⁾
r. 1118–1135

Al-Mānṣūr
al-Rāshīd
⁽³⁰⁾
r. 1135–1136

Muḥammad
al-Mūqtāfī
⁽³¹⁾
r. 1136–1160

Alī ibn al-Faḍl
al-Qabī

Yūsuf
al-Mūstānjīd
⁽³²⁾
r. 1160–1170

al-Hāsān
ibn Alī

Al-Hāssān
al-Mūstādī'
⁽³³⁾
r. 1170–1180

Abū Bakr
ibn al-Hāsān

Aḥmad
al-Nāsīr
⁽³⁴⁾
r. 1180–1225

Abi 'Alī al-Hāsān ibn Abū Bakr

Muḥammad
az-Zāhīr
⁽³⁵⁾
r. 1225–1226

Malīka'zZāhīr Rūkn ad-Dīn Baybars
^{(Mamluk Sultanate Sultan of Egypt)}
r. 1260–1277

Al-Mānsūr
al-Mūstānsīr
⁽³⁶⁾
r. 1226–1242

Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad
al-Mūstānsīr
⁽¹⁾
r. 1261

Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
al-Hakim I
⁽²⁾
r. 1262–1302

ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mūstā'sīm
⁽³⁷⁾
r. 1242–1258

Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
al-Mustakfī I
⁽³⁾
r. 1302–1340

Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad
al-Ḥākim bi-amr Allāh

Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
al-Hakim II
⁽⁵⁾
r. 1341–1352

Abū'l-Fatḥ Abū Bakr
al-Mu'tadid I
⁽⁶⁾
r. 1352–1362

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm
al-Wāṯiq I
⁽⁴⁾
r. 1340–1341

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
al-Mutawakkil I
⁽⁷⁾
r. 1362–1377,
1377–1383,
1389–1406

Abū Yāḥyā Zakariyāʾ
al-Musta'sim
⁽⁸⁾
r. 1377,
1386–1389

Abū Ḥafs ʿUmar
al-Wāṯiq II
⁽⁹⁾
r. 1383–1386

Abū'l-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās
al-Musta'īn
⁽¹⁰⁾
r. 1406–1414
Sultan of Egypt
r. 1412

Abū'l-Fatḥ Dāwud
al-Mu'tadīd II
⁽¹¹⁾
r. 1414–1441

Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
al-Mustakfī II
⁽¹²⁾
r. 1441–1451

Yaʿqūb ibn Muḥammad
al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'Llāh

Abū'l-Baqāʾ Ḥamza
al-Qāʾim
⁽¹³⁾
r. 1451–1455

Abū'l-Maḥāsin Yūsuf
al-Mustanjid
⁽¹⁴⁾
r. 1455–1479

Abū'l-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
al-Mutawakkil II
⁽¹⁵⁾
r. 1479–1497

Abū'ṣ-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb
al-Mustamsik
⁽¹⁶⁾
r. 1497–1508,
1516–1517

Muḥammad
al-Mutawakkil III
⁽¹⁷⁾
r. 1508–1516,
1517

Bibliography

Marsham, Andrew (2022). "Kinship, Dynasty, and the Umayyads". In Osti, Letizia; van Berkel, Maaike (eds.). The Historian of Islam at Work: Essays in Honor of Hugh N. Kennedy. Leiden: Brill. pp. 12–45. ISBN 978-90-04-52523-8.
Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52-164696-3.

Life

Children

See also

Bibliography