The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties spoken by Karluks. By far the largest languages of this branch are Uzbek and Uyghur.
| Karluk | |
|---|---|
| Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic, Turkestan Turkic | |
| Geographic distribution | Central Asia |
| Linguistic classification | Turkic
|
Early forms | Middle Turkic
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | uygh1241 |
Uzbek Uyghur Ili | |
Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.
Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.
Classification
Languages
- Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers
- Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8–11 million speakers
- Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turks, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
- Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
- Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
- Khorezmian Turkic – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.
| Proto-Turkic | Common Turkic | Karluk | Western | |
| Eastern |
| |||
| Old |
|
Glottolog v.5.0 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkistan Turkic" and classifies them as follows:
| Turkistan |
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