Khorasani Kurds

Khorasani Kurds (Kurdish: کوردانی خوراسان; Persian: کردهای خراسان) are Kurds who live in the provinces of North Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan in northeastern Iran, along the Iran-Turkmenistan border. Khorasani Kurds speak the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish and are Shia Muslims. Many Khorasani Kurds are bilingual in Khorasani Turkic, mainly due to intermarriages with Khorasani Turks. However, Persian is the lingua franca. There are about 696 Kurdish villages in the two Khorasan provinces. Many tribes are closely connected to the Khorasani Turks.

Khorasani Kurds
Kurdish: کوردانی خوراسانی Persian: کردهای خراسان
Khorasani Kurds in traditional clothes
Total population
500,000 to 1,000,000
Regions with significant populations
mainly North Khorasan, but also Razavi Khorasan, and Golestan province
Languages
Kurdish, Persian, Khorasani Turkic
Religion
Shia Islam

History

Deportations of Kurds from present-day Turkish Kurdistan and South Caucasus to Khorasan were initiated by Ismail I and continued under Tahmasp I in the early 16th century. A further 45,000 Kurdish families were deported from 1598 to 1601. In the following decades, five Kurdish domains were established in Khorasan by Abbas the Great stretching from Astarabad to Chenaran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Kurds from Ardalan and those already deported to Khorasan were settled in Gilan Province.

The main reason behind the deportations was the desire to create a defense-line against Turkmen and Uzbek nomads from Central Asia.

Culture

Khorasani Kurds have interacted with nearby Khorasani Turkic and Turkmen tribes. Some works of the most famous Khorasani Kurdish poet, Ja'far Qoli, of late 19th century, were modelled on the 18th-century Turkmen ashik Magtymguly's verses and also Khorasani Turkic verses.

Language

Khorasani Kurdish is a dialect of Kurmanji and lacks distinct sub-dialects. It is influenced by Persian, Khorasani Turkic, and Turkmen languages. Two of the four major Khorasani Kurdish tribes, Zafaranlu and Shadlu, mainly speak Khorasani Turkic.

Tribes

Major Kurdish tribes of Khorasan are Za'faranlu, Shadlu, Keyvanlu, and Sheikh Amarlu.

According to Abbasali Madih, Kurdish tribes in Khorasan include the Amar, Baçvan, Badlan, Berivan, Bicervan, Çapeş, Davan, Hamazkan, Izan, Keyvan, Mamyan, Mastyan, Mozdegan, Palokan, Qaçkan (or Qoch-quyunlu), Qarabash, Qaraçur, Qaraman, Reşwan, Rudkan, Sevkan, Silsepuran, Şad, Şeyhkan, Şirvan, Torosan, Tukan, Topkan, Zafaran, Zangalan, Zaraqkan, Zardkan and Zeydan. However, several tribes such as Qaramanlu and Silsepuranlu or Silsüpür ('sweep-clean' in Turkic) are of Turkoman origins. Some tribes are mixed with the nearby Khorasani Turks and experience confusion of identity.

Other tribes include the Lak in Kalat and Darragaz who still speak Laki.

Villages

Bojnord

Kurdish villages in Bojnord include:

Ab Chur
Abdollahabad
Adineh Qoli
Akhli
Aq Tappeh
Ark
Atrabad-e Olya
Baba Aman
Badamloq
Badranlu
Baghcheq
Band-e Khodanlu
Band-e Yaghmur
Barbar
Barbar Qaleh
Baz Khaneh
Bazranlu
Bidak
Borj
Burbur
Chahar Kharvar
Chahar Borj-e Olya
Chahar Borj-e Sofla
Cherik
Daraghanlu
Dongal
Garmkhan
Gomhay-e Burbur
Haj Alidad
Haj Zeynolabedin
Halimabad
Hamami
Hamid
Hamzanlu
Hasanlu
Hesar-e Garmkhan (town)
Ideh
Injanlu
Jafarabad
Jammi
Jolof Darreh
Kalab
Kalateh-ye Ashian
Kalateh-ye Aqa Nabi
Kalateh-ye Ardeshirkhan
Kalateh-ye Baqer Khan Yek
Kalateh-ye Baqer Khan Do
Kalateh-ye Baqer Khan Seh
Kalateh-ye Borj
Kalateh-ye Chelu
Kalateh-ye Eslahat-e Ardi
Kalateh-ye Farshchi
Kalateh-ye Hajiqasem
Kalateh-ye Haji-Nosrat
Kalateh-ye Molla Gholamhoseyn
Kalateh-ye Naqi
Kalateh-ye Pahlvanlu
Kalateh-ye Sohrab
Khandaqlu
Khattab
Ki Ki
Kuh Kamar
Langar
Matranlu
Mehnan
Mirza Hasanlu
Najafabad
Nargeslu-ye Olya
Nargeslu-ye Sofla
Nav
Niki Qaleh
Now Deh
Oush-Qaleh-ye Bala
Owzan Bijeh
Pakotal
Parkanlu
Pashindeh
Pasandarreh
Pir Boz
Qadi
Qaleh Joq-e Bozorg
Qaleh Joq-e Kuchak
Qaleh Marmar
Qaleh Shaban
Qaleh-ye Tut
Qarah Bashlu
Qarah Jangal-e Olya
Qarah Qanlu
Qarehlu
Qarehbanluy
Qarajeh
Qarloq
Qasr-e Qajar
Qeshlaq-e Naveh
Qezel Hesar
Qezelqan
Qush Tappeh
Ranaabad
Rashvanlu
Serivan Asheqan
Serivan Tappeh
Shah Ojaq
Shah Pasand
Sheykh Aliabad-e Qarhar
Sisab
Siyukhosu-Moradkhan
Suluklu
Surg
Tar Golam
Ubeh
Utarabad-e Sofla
Vasli Qaleh
Yekkeh Shakh
Zanganeh
Zarneh

Torbat-e Jam

One Kurdish village exists in Torbat-e Jam County:

Zeyli

Bibliography

Madih, ‘Abbas-‘ Ali (2007), "The Kurds of Khorasan", Iran and the Caucasus, 11 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1163/157338407X224879

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