Kurdistan province (Persian: استان کردستان) is one of 31 provinces of Iran. The province is 28,817 km2 (11,126 sq mi) in area and its capital is the city of Sanandaj.
Kurdistan province | |
|---|---|
| استان کردستان | |
Miyane village | |
Location of Kurdistan Province within Iran | |
| Coordinates: 35°35′N 46°53′E / 35.583°N 46.883°E | |
| Country | Iran |
| Region | Region 3 |
| Capital | Sanandaj |
| Counties | 10 |
| Government | |
| • Governor-general | Arash Zarehtan Lahoni (Reformist) |
| Area | |
• Total | 29,137 km2 (11,250 sq mi) |
| Population (2015) | |
• Total | 1,603,011 |
| • Density | 55.016/km2 (142.49/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| Main language(s) | Persian (official) local languages: Ardalan languages Kurdish |
| HDI (2017) | 0.743 high · 30th |
Kurdistan province is located in the west of Iran, in Region 3. It borders the Kurdistan region of Iraq to the west, and the Iranian provinces of West Azerbaijan to the north, Zanjan to the northeast, Hamadan to the east, and Kermanshah to the south.
History
The earliest human occupation of Kurdistan dates back to the Paleolithic Period when Neanderthals lived in the Sirwan Valley of Kurdistan more than 40,000 years ago.
Demographics
Language and ethnicity
Whilst most of the people of this province speak Kurdish, other languages such as Azerbaijani and Persian are also common.
Iranian Kurds make up the majority of the population, but Iranian Azeris populate the eastern provincial borderlands. Most of the Kurdish population speak Sorani Kurdish, but Southern Kurdish is spoken in the eastern parts of the province, including in Bijar and Dezej, while Gorani is the main language in many villages in the southwestern part of the province. Oghuz Turkic varieties can be found in the far-eastern part of the province, including in the cities of Delbaran, Pir Taj, Serishabad, Yasukand, and Tup Aghaj. These varieties are described as distinct from Iranian Azerbaijani, although they are closely related to it. While not being the primary language in any settlement in the province, Persian is increasingly becoming the first language, especially among the population in the eastern parts of the province.
Religion
A significant majority of the people of Kurdistan province follow the Sunni denomination of Islam. A minority of Shia, Yarsanism and Christian followers also live in this province.
Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,416,334 inhabitants in 337,179 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,493,645 living in 401,845 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 2,152,471 in 471,310 households.
Administrative divisions
The population history and structural changes of Kurdistan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. Each county is named after the city that serves as its administrative capital.
| Counties | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baneh | 116,773 | 132,565 | 158,690 |
| Bijar | 95,461 | 93,714 | 89,162 |
| Dehgolan | — | 62,844 | 64,015 |
| Divandarreh | 82,628 | 81,963 | 80,040 |
| Ghorveh | 196,972 | 136,961 | 140,192 |
| Kamyaran | 104,704 | 105,996 | 102,856 |
| Marivan | 150,926 | 168,774 | 195,263 |
| Sanandaj | 409,628 | 450,167 | 501,402 |
| Saqqez | 205,250 | 210,820 | 226,451 |
| Sarvabad | 53,992 | 49,841 | 44,940 |
| Total | 1,416,334 | 1,493,645 | 1,603,011 |
Cities
According to the 2016 census, 1,134,229 people (over 70% of the population of Kurdistan province) live in the following cities:
| City | Population |
|---|---|
| Armardeh | 2,305 |
| Babarashani | 509 |
| Baneh | 110,218 |
| Bardeh Rasheh | 1,020 |
| Bijar | 50,014 |
| Bolbanabad | 3,193 |
| Buin-e Sofla | 1,518 |
| Chenareh | 455 |
| Dehgolan | 25,992 |
| Delbaran | 6,713 |
| Dezej | 2,219 |
| Divandarreh | 34,007 |
| Ghorveh | 78,276 |
| Kamyaran | 57,077 |
| Kani Dinar | 13,059 |
| Kani Sur | 1,284 |
| Marivan | 136,654 |
| Muchesh | 3,370 |
| Pir Taj | 1,199 |
| Saheb | 3,101 |
| Sanandaj | 412,767 |
| Saqqez | 165,258 |
| Sarvabad | 5,121 |
| Serishabad | 7,196 |
| Shuyesheh | 1,302 |
| Tup Aghaj | 1,645 |
| Uraman Takht | 3,176 |
| Yasukand | 3,490 |
| Zarrineh | 2,091 |
Most populous cities
The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Kurdistan in 2016.
| Rank | City | County | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sanandaj | Sanandaj | 412,767 |
| 2 | Saqqez | Saqqez | 165,258 |
| 3 | Marivan | Marivan | 136,654 |
| 4 | Baneh | Baneh | 110,218 |
| 5 | Qorveh | Qorveh | 78,276 |
| 6 | Kamyaran | Kamyaran | 57,077 |
| 7 | Bijar | Bijar | 50,014 |
| 8 | Divandarreh | Divandarreh | 34,007 |
| 9 | Dehgolan | Dehgolan | 25,992 |
| 10 | Kani Dinar | Marivan | 13,059 |
Culture
Clothing
The people of this province have special clothes that they have been wearing for centuries. The important point about the clothes of the people of this province is that even after the spread of modernism all over the world, the people of this province still try to be faithful to their past traditions in the field of lifestyle.
Dance and music
Among the cultural symbols of Kurdistan people are Kurdish dance and singing. This cultural tradition is very popular not only in this province but also throughout the country.
Important annual celebrations
Chaharshanbeh Suri
Chaharshanbeh Suri or Charshanbeh Suri is an Iranian festival of the fire dance celebrated on the eve of the last Wednesday of the year, of ancient Zoroastrian origin. It is the first festivity of Nowruz, the Iranian New Year. In this celebration, people light fires on the mountains and on the roofs of houses, dance, and rejoice.
Nowruz
Nowruz is one of the most important ceremonies that has been celebrated by Iranians for millennia. Nowruz and related ceremonies are celebrated in the most opulent way possible in Kurdistan province. As the spring equinox, Nowruz marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, better i.e. the moment at which the Sun crosses the celestial equator and equalizes night and day is calculated exactly every year. Traditional customs of Nowruz include fire and water, ritual dances, gift exchanges, reciting poetry, symbolic objects and more.
Economy
The major activities of the inhabitants are agriculture and modern livestock farming. Wheat, barley, grains and fruits are the major agricultural products. The chemical, metal, textile, leather and food industries are the main industrial activities in this province. This province has one of the largest rates of unemployment in Iran. According to Iranian statistics, more than twenty thousand people depend on being a kolbar for sustenance.
Colleges and universities
- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Archived 25 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- Tohid Medical Center
- University of Kurdistan
- Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj
See also
- Hajar Khatoon Mosque
- Uramanat Villages
- Iranian Kurdistan
- Kurdistan
- Kurdistan (disambiguation)
Media related to Kurdistan Province at Wikimedia Commons
Kurdistan (province) travel guide from Wikivoyage
Notes
- Also romanized as Kordestan province and Ostān-e Kordestān; Kurdish: پارێزگای کوردستان, romanized as Parêzgay Kurdistan
- Separated from Ghorveh County after the 2006 census
Bibliography
- Ahmady, Kameel (2023). From Border to Border. Moldova: Scholars’ Press publishes. ISBN 9786206769538.
- Maisel, Sebastian (21 June 2018). The Kurds. Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 236. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3.
- Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993). First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. Vol. 4 (1st ed.). Leiden: BRILL. p. 1140. ISBN 90-04-09790-2. OCLC 258059134.
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