(Learn how and when to remove this message ) This list includes Buddhist kingdoms, empires, and khanates in South Asia, South East Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe.
South Asia Buddhist Kingdoms and Empires in India Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Haryanka dynasty 544 BCE 413 BCE Rajagriha, Pataliputra Sanskrit, Magadhi Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi Shaishunga dynasty 413 BCE 344 BC Kosala 7th century BCE 5th century BCE Ayodhya, Shravasti Sanskrit Malla 7th century BCE 4th century BCE Kusinara, Pava Prakrit Vajjika League 6th century BCE 468 BCE Vesali Prakrit, Sanskrit Anuradhapura Kingdom 437 BCE 1017 CE Anuradhapura Sinhala Mauryan Empire 322 BCE 184 BCE Pataliputra Magadhi Prakrit Apracharajas 52 BCE 78 CE Gandhari Prakrit Bajaur District Western Satraps 35 CE 415 CE Ujjain, Barygaza, Minnagara Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit Northern Satraps 60 BCE 2nd century CE Sagala, Mathura Khadga dynasty 625 CE 716 CE Karmanta Vasaka Pithipatis of Magadha 1120 CE 1290 CE Bodhgaya Sanskrit Kingdom of Sikkim 1642 CE 1975 CE Yuksom, Rabdentse, Tumlong, Gangtok Chöke, Sikkimese Pala Empire 750 CE 1161 CE Bikrampur, Pataliputra, Somapura Sanskrit Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1055 CE 1232 CE Polonnaruwa Sinhala, Sanskrit Kingdom of Dambadeniya 1220 CE 1345 CE Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Polonnaruwa, Kurunagala Sinhala Kingdom of Gampola 1341 CE 1408 CE Gampola Sinhala Kingdom of Kotte 1412 CE 1597 CE Kotte Sinhala Kingdom of Sitawaka 1521 CE 1594 CE Sitawaka Sinhala Kingdom of Kandy 1469 CE 1815 CE Kandy Sinhala, Tamil
South East Asia
Indonesia Srivijaya (671–1025): Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
Malaysia Langkasuka (1st century–15th century): Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar
Philippines Tondo (before 900–1589): Philippines
Myanmar Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Pyu-city State 2nd century BCE 1050 CE Sri Ksetra, Halin, Beikthano, Pinle, Binnaka Pyu Thaton Kingdom 4th century BCE 1057 May 18 Thaton Mon Pagan Kingdom 849 CE 1297 CE Pagan Old Burmese, Mon, Pyu Myinsaing Kingdom 1297 CE 1313 CE Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle Burmese, Shan, Mon Hanthawaddy kingdom 1287 CE 1552 CE Marthaban, Donwun, Pegu Mon, Old Burmese Shan States 1215 CE 1885 CE Mogaung Shan, Burmese Pinya Kingdom 1313 CE 1365 CE Pinya Burmese Sagaing Kingdom 1315 CE 1365 CE Sagaing Burmese Kingdom of Ava 1365 CE 1555 CE Sagaing, Pinya, Ava Old Burmese, Shan Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429 CE 1785 CE Mrauk U Arakanese, Burmese Prome Kingdom 1482 CE 1542 CE Prome Burmese Toungoo dynasty 1510 CE 1752 CE Toungoo, Pegu, Ava Burmese Konbaung dynasty 1752 CE 1885 CE Shwebo, Sagaing, Ava, Amarapura, Mandalay Burmese
Thailand Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Dvaravati 7th century CE 11th century CE Mon Lavo Kingdom 648 CE 1388 CE Lavo, Ayutthaya Mon, Old Khmer, Thai Haripunchai 629 CE 1292 CE Haripunchai Northern Thai, Pali, Mon, Lawa Ngoenyang 638 CE 1292 CE Hiran, Ngoenyang Northern Thai Phayao Kingdom 1094 CE 1338 CE Phayao Tai Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 CE 1584 CE Sukhothai, Song Khwae Sukhothai Nakhon SI Thammarat Kingdom 13th century CE 1782 CE Nakhon Si Tammarat Southern Thai, Pali, Sanskrit, Malay language, Tamil Lan Na 1292 CE 1775 January 15 Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai Northern Thai, Burmese language Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351 CE 1767 CE Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Lopburi Siamese Thonburi Kingdom 1767 CE 1782 CE Thonburi Thai Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782 CE 1932 CE Bangkok Central Thai
Cambodia Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Chenla 550 CE 802 CE Isanapura Old Khmer, Sanskrit Khmer Empire 802 CE 1431 CE Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yashodharapura Old Khmer, Sanskrit, Dravidian languages Post-Angkor Period 1431 CE 1863 CE Chaktomuk, Longvek, Lvea Aem, Oudong Middle Khmer, Khmer language
Laos Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Lan Xang 1353 CE 1707 CE Luang Prabang, Vientiane Lao Kingdom of Luang Prabang 1707 CE 1893 CE Luang Prabang Lao Kingdom of Vientiane 1707 CE 1828 CE Vientiane Lao Kingdom of Champasak 1713 CE 1904 CE Champasak Lao Muang Phuan 1707 CE 1899 CE Muang Phuan Lao
East Asia
Northern China and Mongolian Plateau Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Rouran Khaganate 330 CE 555 CE Gansu, Mumocheng Rouran, Mongolian, Chinese Uyghur Khaganate 744 CE 847 CE Otuken, Ordu-Baliq Old Uyghur, Middle Chinese Liao dynasty 916 CE 1125 CE Shangjing Khitan, Middle Chinese, Jurchen Yuan dynasty 1271 CE 1368 CE Khanbaliq Middle Mongol, Chinese, Old Uyghur Northern Yuan dynasty 1368 CE 1635 CE Shangdu, Yingchang, Karakorum Mongolian, Chinese, Jurchen Four Oirat 1399 CE 1634 CE Mongolic (Oirat language) Bogd Khanate 1911 CE 1924 CE Niislel Khuree Mongolian
Korea Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Silla 57 BCE 935 CE Seorabeo Old Korean, Middle Chinese Goguryeo 37 BCE 668 CE Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang Goguryeo, Classic Chinese Baekje 18 BCE 660 CE Wirye, Ungjin Baekje, Classic Chinese Gaya confederacy 42 CE 562 CE Gaya Balhae 698 CE 926 CE Dunhua GoguryeoTungusic, Middle Chinese Later Baekje 892 CE 936 CE Wansanju Old Korean, Classic Chinese Unified Silla 668 CE 935 CE Seorabeol Old Korean, Middle Chinese Taebong 901 CE 918 CE Songak, Cheolwon Old Korean, Classic Chinese Goryeo 918 CE 1392 CE Gaegyeong Middle Korean, Classic Chinese
Tibetan Plateau Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of Tibetan Empire 618 CE 842 CE Lhasa Tibetic languages Phagmodrupa dynasty 1354 CE 1618 CE Nêdong Tibetan language Rinpungpa 1435 CE 1565 CE Shigatse Tibetan language Tsangpa dynasty 1565 CE 1642 CE Shigatse Tibetan language Khoshut Khanate 1642 CE 1717 CE Tibetan language, Oirat language Ganden Phodrang 1642 CE 1959 CE Lhasa Classical Tibetan and Standard Tibetan languages
West Asia Ilkhanate (1256–1295):
East Europe Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771):
Central Asia Kingdom of Khotan (300 BC–1006 AD): Indo-Greek Kingdom (200 BC–10 AD): Hephthalites (440s–710):
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