This is a list of forts in New France built by the French government or French chartered companies in what later became Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States. They range from large European-type citadels like at Quebec City to tiny fur-trade posts.
Canada
The French forts in Canada were located from the Atlantic Ocean to as far west as the confluence of the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, and as far north as James Bay. Built between the 1640s and the 1750s, a few were captured from rival British fur trading companies like Hudson's Bay Company. The forts were located on waterways to provide transport of fur back east to Montreal or Quebec City. A few have survived or been re-built, but most are ruins or simply disappeared after abandonment.
| Name | Date constructed c. | Location | Province | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Anne | 1636 | Annapolis Royal | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort Anticosti | 1681 | Anticosti Island | Quebec | |
| Fort Bas de la Rivière | 1750 | Fort Alexander | Manitoba | |
| Fort Boishébert | 1749 | Grand Bay | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Beauséjour | 1751 | Aulac | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Bourbon (West) | 1741 | Grand Rapids | Manitoba | |
| Fort Bourbon (North) | 1697 | York Factory | Manitoba | |
| Camp d'ésperance | 1756 | Beaubears Island | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Charlesbourg Royal | 1541–1543 | Quebec City | Quebec | |
| Fort Chambly | 1665 | Chambly | Quebec | |
| Citadelle of Quebec | 1693 | Quebec City | Quebec | |
| Citadelle of Montreal | 1690–1821 | Montreal | Quebec | |
| Fort Dauphin | 1741 | Winnipegosis | Manitoba | |
| Fort de l'Isle aux Noix | 1759 | Île aux Noix | Quebec | |
| Fort de la Corne | 1753 | Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest | Saskatchewan | |
| Fort de la Montagne | 1685 | Montreal | Quebec | |
| Fort Douville | 1720 | Toronto | Ontario | |
| Fort Dumoine | 1730 | Rapides-des-Joachims | Quebec | |
| Fort du Moulin | 1749 | Trois-Rivières | Quebec | |
| Fort du Sault Saint-Louis | 1725 | Kahnawake | Quebec | |
| Fort Esquimaux Baie | 1743 | North West River | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Fort Fronsec | 1648 | Miramichi | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Frontenac | 1673 | Kingston | Ontario | |
| Fort Gaspareaux | 1751 | Strait Shores | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Jemseg | 1659 | Jemseg | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Jacques-Cartier | 1759 | Cap-Santé | Quebec | |
| Fort Kaministiquia | 1717 | Thunder Bay | Ontario | |
| Fort Lachine | 1669–1695 | Montréal | Quebec | |
| Fort Laprairie | 1687 | La Prairie | Quebec | |
| Fort La Reine | 1738 | Portage la Prairie | Manitoba | |
| Fort La Jonquière | 1751 | Saskatchewan River Forks (near Prince Albert) | Saskatchewan | |
| Fort Longueuil | 1690 | Longueuil | Quebec | |
| Fort La Tour | 1631 | Saint John | New Brunswick | |
| Fortress of Louisbourg | 1719 | Louisbourg | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort Maurepas (Red River) | 1733 | Selkirk | Manitoba | |
| Fort Maurepas (Winnipeg River) | 1739 | Powerview-Pine Falls | Manitoba | |
| Fort Menagoueche | 1751 | Saint John | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Nashwaak | 1691–1692 | Fredericton | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Paskoya | 1741 | The Pas (on Cedar Lake) | Manitoba | |
| Fort Plaisance | 1662 | Placentia | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles | 1670 | Montréal | Quebec | |
| Fort Pontchartrain | 1704 | Blanc-Sablon | Quebec | |
| Port-Royal Habitation | 1605 | Annapolis Royal | Nova Scotia |
|
| Habitation Of Quebec | 1608 | Quebec City | Quebec | |
| Fort Richelieu | 1641 | Sorel-Tracy | Quebec | |
| Fort Richibouctou | 1682 | Richibucto | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Rouge | 1738 | Winnipeg | Manitoba | |
| Fort Rouillé | 1750 | Toronto | Ontario | |
| Fort Royal (Newfoundland) | 1687 | Placentia | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Fort Sainte Anne (Hudson Bay) | 1670 (1686) | Fort Albany | Ontario | |
| Fort Sainte Anne | 1629–1641 | Englishtown | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort Saint-François | 1660 | Trois-Rivières | Quebec | |
| Fort Saint Jacques | 1686–1693 and 1697–1713 | Waskaganish | Quebec | |
| Fort Saint-Jean | c1748 | Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu | Quebec | |
| Fort Saint Louis (Newfoundland) | 1690–1713 | Placentia | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Fort Saint Louis (Guysborough) | 1634–1683 | Guysborough | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort St. Louis | 1620–1834 | Quebec City | Quebec | |
| Fort St. Louis (Shelburne) | 1623–1930 | Cape Sable Island | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort Ste. Marie (Ontario) | 1639 | Midland | Ontario | |
| Fort Ste. Marie (Nova Scotia) | 1632 | LaHave | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort St. Louis | 1670s (1686) | Moose Factory | Ontario | |
| Fort St. Pierre (St. Peter's) | 1630 | St. Peter's | Nova Scotia | |
| Fort St. Pierre | 1731 | Fort Frances (near mouth of the Rainy River meets with Rainy Lake) | Ontario | |
| Fort Sainte Thérèse | 1665 | Carignan | Quebec | |
| Fort Senneville | 1671 | Montreal | Quebec | |
| Fort Shédiac | 1671 | Shediac | New Brunswick | |
| Fort Témiscamingue | 1679 | Ville-Marie | Quebec | |
| Tadoussac Trading Post | 1600 | Tadoussac | Quebec | |
| Fort Toronto | 1750 | Toronto | Ontario | |
| Fort Tourette | 1683 | Lake Nipigon | Ontario | |
| Fort Trois-Rivières | 1634–1638 | Trois-Rivières | Quebec | |
| Fort Ville-Marie | 1642–1688 | Montreal | Quebec | |
| Port-la-Joye | 1720 | Charlottetown | Prince Edward Island |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
| Name | Date constructed c. | Location | Communes of France | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pointe aux Cannon Battery | 1690 | Saint Pierre Island | Saint-Pierre |
United States
The French forts built in what is now the United States, were part of a series of forts built from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi delta; as far west as Kansas, as far east as Maine.
| Name | Date constructed c. | Location | State | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas Post | 1686 | Arkansas County | Arkansas | |
| Fort des Alibamons | 1717 | Wetumpka | Alabama | |
| Fort Assumption | 1739 | Memphis | Tennessee | |
| Fort de la Balise | 1722 | Plaquemines Parish | Louisiana | |
| Fort Beauharnois | 1727 | Goodhue County | Minnesota | |
| Fort De La Boulaye (Fort Bayougoula, Fort Iberville, Fort Louisiana) | 1700 | Phoenix, Plaquemines Parish | Louisiana | |
| Fort de Buade | 1683 | St. Ignace | Michigan | |
| Fort Carillon | 1754–57 | Ticonderoga | New York | |
| Fort Caroline | 1564 | Jacksonville | Florida | |
| Fort de Cavagnal | 1744 | Missouri River between Kansas City and Fort Leavenworth | Kansas | |
| Fort Charles | 1562 | Beaufort | South Carolina | |
| Fort de Chartres | 1720 | Randolph County | Illinois | |
| Fort Condé de la Mobille | 1723 | Mobile | Alabama | |
| Fort Conti | 1679 | Youngstown | New York | |
| Fort Crèvecoeur | 1680 | Creve Coeur | Illinois | |
| Fort Denonville | 1687 | Youngstown | New York | |
| Fort Ponchartrain du Détroit | 1701 | Detroit | Michigan | |
| Fort Détour à l'Anglais | 1722 | Belle Chase | Louisiana | |
| Fort Duquesne | 1750 | Morrison County | Minnesota | |
| Fort Duquesne | 1754 | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Dubreuil (Côte des Allemands) | 1740 | Destrehan | Louisiana | |
| Fort St. Jean | 1708 | New Orleans | Louisiana | |
| Fort Kaskaskia | 1759 | Kaskaskia | Illinois | |
| Fort de La Présentation | 1671 | Ogdensburg | New York | |
| Fort Le Boeuf | 1753 | Waterford | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Lévis | 1759 | Ogdensburg | New York | |
| Fort Louis de la Louisiane | 1702 | Le Moyne | Alabama | |
| Fort Machault | 1754 | Franklin | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Massac | 1757 | Massac County | Illinois | |
| Fort Maurepas | 1699 | Ocean Springs | Mississippi | |
| Fort Miami (Indiana) | 1715 | Fort Wayne | Indiana | |
| Fort Miami (Michigan) | 1679 | St. Joseph | Michigan | |
| Fort Michilimackinac | 1715 | Mackinaw City | ||
| Fort des Natchitoches | 1714 | Natchitoches | Louisiana | |
| Fort Niagara | 1678 | Youngstown | New York | |
| Fort Orleans | 1723 | Brunswick | Missouri | |
| Fort Ouiatenon | 1717 | West Lafayette | Indiana | |
| Fort Pentagouet | 1638 | Castine | Maine | |
| Fort St. Philip | 1761 | Buras-Triumph | Louisiana | |
| Fort Pimiteoui | 1691 | Peoria | Illinois | |
| Fort Pointe-à-la-Chevelure | 1731 | Chimney Point | Vermont | |
| Fort Presque Isle | 1753 | Erie | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Prudhomme | 1682 | Memphis | Tennessee | |
| Fort Rosalie | 1716 | Natchez | Mississippi | |
| Fort Ste. Anne | 1666 | Isle La Motte | Vermont | |
| Fort St. Charles | 1732 | Lake of the Woods County | Minnesota | |
| Habitation Of St. Croix | 1604 | Saint Croix Island | Maine | |
| Fort St. Frédéric | 1729–1757 | Crown Point | New York | |
| Fort St. Joseph | 1691 | Niles | Michigan | |
| Fort St. Leon | 1749 | Belle Chase | Louisiana | |
| Fort Saint Louis | 1685 | Inez | Texas | |
| Fort St. Louis-Le Rocher | 1682 | North Utica | Illinois | |
| Fort St. Marie | 1746 | English Turn | Louisiana | |
| Fort St. Saveur | 1613 | Mount Desert Island | Maine | |
| Fort Sandoské | 1745 | Sandusky Bay | Ohio | |
| Fort de Tombecbé | 1735–37 | Epes | Alabama | |
| Fort Toulouse | 1717 | Wetumpka | ||
| Fort Vincennes | 1731–32 | Vincennes | Indiana |
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to French forts in North America.
- Military of New France
- List of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
- List of North American cities by year of foundation
- Canada related
- Canadian Forces base
- Former colonies and territories in Canada
- List of Royal Canadian Air Force stations
- List of Royal Canadian Navy stations
- United States related
- List of United States Army installations
- List of United States Army airfields
- List of United States military bases
- List of United States Navy installations
- List of United States Marine Corps installations
- List of United States Air Force installations
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