List of German monarchs in 1918

When the German Empire collapsed in 1918 at the end of World War I, it was a federal union made up of three free cities and 22 kingdoms, grand duchies, duchies and principalities, with an emperor, Wilhelm II, at its head. All of the 22 ruling monarchs – including Wilhelm, who was also King of Prussia – abdicated in November 1918 during the early weeks of the German revolution of 1918–1919.

German Empire
Imperial standard of the German Emperor (1871–1918)
Preceded byKingdom of Prussia
Followed byAbolished 1918

The term German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich) commonly refers to Germany from its foundation as a unified nation-state on 18 January 1871 until the abdication of its last Kaiser, Wilhelm II, was proclaimed on 9 November 1918. Germans, when referring to the Reich in this period under the Kaisers, 1871 to 1918, typically use the term Kaiserreich.

Federal prince (Bundesfürst) was the generic term for the royal heads of state (monarchs) of the various states making up the German Empire. The empire was a federal state, with its constituent states remaining sovereign states. In total, there were 22 federal princes of the German Empire and additionally three republican heads of state and the steward of the imperial territory ruled by Alsace-Lorraine. The states became part of the Kaiserreich by an 1871 treaty. The Kaiser as head of the empire was granted the title German Emperor (the style "Emperor of Germany" being deliberately avoided due to revanchist connotations), and was simultaneously a federal prince as King of Prussia, the sovereign of its largest federal state. Of the princely heads of state, 4 held the title King (König) (the Kings of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Württemberg), 6 held the title Grand Duke (Großherzog), 5 held the title Duke (Herzog), and 7 held the title Prince (i.e. Sovereign Prince, Fürst).

Following the unilateral proclamation of the abdication of Wilhelm II on 9 November 1918 by German Chancellor Maximilian von Baden and the German Revolution of 1918–19, the German nobility and royalty as legally defined classes were abolished on 11 August 1919 with the promulgation of the Weimar Constitution, under which all Germans were made equal before the law, and the legal rights and privileges, and all following German Houses, titles, insignia and ranks of nobility were abolished.

The list does not include local rulers in German colonies such as Yuhi V of Rwanda, Mwambutsa IV of Burundi and Aweida of Nauru.

German Emperor (1918)

Emperor Styles Empress Symbols German Empire 1871 – 1918


1859 – 1941
His Imperial and Royal Majesty
The German Emperor, King of Prussia
Wilhelm II


Her Imperial and Royal Majesty
The German Empress, Queen of Prussia
Augusta Victoria


1858 – 1921
House of Hohenzollern




1871 – 1918
Kingdoms
Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg
Grand Duchies
Baden, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Duchies
Anhalt, Brunswick, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen
Principalities
Lippe, Reuss, junior line, Reuss, senior line, Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Waldeck-Pyrmont
Free Hanseatic cities
Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck
Imperial territory (Reichsland)
Alsace-Lorraine

Kings and Kingdoms (1918)

Ruler Title Arms – Flag House – State Location Spouse – Children
King
Wilhelm II
1859 – 1941

House of Hohenzollern
C.11th – 1918

Kingdom of Prussia
1701 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
(2) Hermine Reuss of Greiz

Children:
(1) German Crown Prince Wilhelm, (2) Prince Eitel Friedrich, (3) Prince Adalbert, (4) Prince August Wilhelm, (5) Prince Oskar, (6) Prince Joachim, (7) Princess Viktoria Luise

Ancestors of Wilhelm II
8. Frederick William III of Prussia
4. Wilhelm I, German Emperor
9. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2. Frederick III, German Emperor
10. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
5. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
11. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
1. Wilhelm II, German Emperor
12. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
3. Victoria, Princess Royal
14. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
7. Victoria of the United Kingdom
15. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
King
Ludwig III
1845 – 1921

House of Wittelsbach
1180–1918

Kingdom of Bavaria
1806 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Maria Theresia of Austria-Este

Children:
(1) Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria, (2) Adelgunde of Hohenzollern, (3) Maria, Duchess of Calabria, (4) Prince Karl, (5) Prince Franz, (6) Mathilde Ludwig of Saxe-Coburg-Kohary (7) Prince Wolfgang (8) Princess Hildegarde, (9) Princess Notburga, (10) Wiltrud, Duchess of Urach, (11) Princess Helmtrud, (12) Princess Dietlinde, (13) Princess Gundelinde

Ancestors of Ludwig III
8. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
4. Ludwig I of Bavaria
9. Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
2. Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
10. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
5. Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
11. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1. Ludwig III of Bavaria
12. Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
6. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
13. Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily
3. Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria
14. Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony
7. Princess Maria Anna of Saxony
15. Princess Caroline of Parma
King
Frederick Augustus III

1865 – 1932

House of Wettin
900 – 1918

Kingdom of Saxony
1806 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany

Children:
(1) Crown Prince Georg of Saxony, (2) Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen, (3) Prince Ernst Heinrich, (4) Princess Maria Alix Karola, (5) Princess Margarete Karola, (6) Princess Maria Alix (Luitpolda), (7) Princess Anna

Ancestors of Frederick Augustus III
8. Prince Maximilian of Saxony
4. John of Saxony
9. Princess Caroline of Parma
2. George of Saxony
10. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
5. Amalie Auguste of Bavaria
11. Caroline of Baden
1. Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
12. Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6. Ferdinand II of Portugal
13. Maria Antonia, Princess of Koháry
3. Maria Anna of Portugal
14. Pedro I of Brazil
7. Maria II of Portugal
15. Maria Leopoldina of Austria
King
Wilhelm II
1848 – 1921

House of Württemberg
1081 – 1918

Kingdom of Württemberg
1806 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont
(2) Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe

Children:
(1) Pauline, Princess of Wied, (2) Prince Ulrich

Ancestors of William II of Württemberg
8. Frederick I of Württemberg
4. Prince Paul of Württemberg
9. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
2. Prince Frederick of Württemberg
10. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
5. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen
11. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1. William II of Württemberg
12. Frederick I of Württemberg (= 8)
6. William I of Württemberg
13. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (= 9)
3. Princess Catherine of Württemberg
14. Duke Louis of Württemberg
7. Duchess Pauline of Württemberg
15. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg

Grand Dukes and Grand Duchies (1918)

Ruler Title Arms – Flag House – State Location Spouse – Children
Grand Duke
Friedrich II
1857 – 1928

House of Zähringen
C.10th – 1918

Grand Duchy of Baden
1806 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Hilda of Nassau
Ancestors of Frederick II
8. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
4. Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
9. Louise Caroline of Hochberg
2. Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
10. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
5. Princess Sophie of Sweden
11. Frederica of Baden
1. Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden
12. Frederick William III of Prussia
6. William I, German Emperor
13. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3. Princess Louise of Prussia
14. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
7. Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
15. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
Grand Duke
Ernest Louis
1868 – 1937

House of Hesse-Darmstadt
1806 – 1918

Grand Duchy of Hesse
1806 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(2) Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich

Children:
(1) Princess Elisabeth, (2) Hereditary Grand Duke George Donatus, (3) Prince Louis

Ancestors of Ernest Louis
8. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse
4. Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine
9. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden
2. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
10. Prince Wilhelm of Prussia
5. Princess Elisabeth of Prussia
11. Landgravine Marie Anna of Hesse-Homburg
1. Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
12. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
3. Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
14. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
7. Victoria of the United Kingdom
15. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Grand Duke and Regent
Friedrich Franz IV
1882 – 1945

House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1131 – 1918

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1815 – 1918
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(Regent, 1918)
Spouse:
(1) Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland

Children:
(1) Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz, (2) Duke Christian Ludwig, (3) Duchess Olga, (4) Duchess Thyra, (5) Anastasia, Princess Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Ancestors of Frederick Francis IV
8. Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
9. Princess Alexandrine of Prussia
2. Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
10. Heinrich LXIII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz
5. Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz
11. Countess Eleonore of Stolberg-Wernigerode
1. Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg
12. Nicholas I of Russia
6. Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia
13. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
3. Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia
14. Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
7. Princess Cecilie of Baden
15. Princess Sophie of Sweden
Grand Duke
Friedrich August II
1852 – 1931

House of Holstein-Gottorp
(Oldenburg)
1544 – 1918

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
1814 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia, (2) Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Children:
(1) Sophia Charlotte, Princess Eitel Friedrich of Prussia, (2) Duchess Margaret, (3) Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke (4) Duchess Alexandrine, (5) Ingeborg Alix, Princess Stephan of Schaumburg-Lippe, (6) Altburg, Hereditary Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Ancestors of Frederick Augustus II
8. Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
4. Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
9. Duchess Frederica of Württemberg
2. Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
10. Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
5. Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
11. Princess Amelie of Nassau-Weilburg
1. Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
12. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
6. Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
13. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3. Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg
14. Duke Louis of Württemberg
7. Duchess Amelia of Württemberg
15. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg
Grand Duke
Wilhelm Ernest
1876 – 1923

House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1741 – 1918

Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1809 – 1920
Spouse:
(1) Princess Caroline Reuss of Greiz, (2) Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen

Children:
(1) Sophie, Princess of Schwarzburg, (2) Hereditary Grand Duke Charles Augustus, (3) Prince Bernhard, (4) Prince Georg

Ancestors of William Ernest
8. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4. Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
9. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
2. Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
10. William II of the Netherlands
5. Princess Sophie of the Netherlands
11. Anna Pavlovna of Russia
1. William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
12. Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
6. Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
13. Princess Ida of Saxe-Meiningen
3. Princess Pauline of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
14. William I of Württemberg
7. Princess Augusta of Württemberg
15. Pauline Therese of Württemberg

Dukes and Duchies (1918)

Ruler Title Arms – Flag House – State Location Spouse – Children
Duke
Joachim Ernst
1901 – 1947

House of Ascania
1036 – 1918

Duchy of Anhalt
1863 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Elisabeth Strickrodt, (2) Editha Marwitz von Stephani

Children:
(1) Princess Alexandra, (2) Princess Anna Luise, (3) Hereditary Prince Friedrich, (4) Princess Edda, (5) Prince Eduard

Ancestors of Joachim Ernst
8. Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
4. Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt
9. Princess Frederica Wilhelmina of Prussia
2. Eduard, Duke of Anhalt
10. Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg
5. Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg
11. Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
1. Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt
12. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
6. Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg
13. Duchess Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Princess Louise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg
14. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
7. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen
15. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
Duke
Ernest Augustus
1887 – 1953

House of Hanover
1635 – 1918

Duchy of Brunswick
1815 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia

Children:
(1) Hereditary Prince Ernst August, (2) Prince Georg Wilhelm, (3) Frederica, Queen of the Hellenes, (4) Prince Christian Oskar, (5) Prince Welf Heinrich

Ancestors of Ernest Augustus
8. Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
4. George V of Hanover
9. Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2. Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
10. Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
5. Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
11. Duchess Amelia of Württemberg
1. Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
12. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
6. Christian IX of Denmark
13. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel
3. Princess Thyra of Denmark
14. Prince William of Hesse-Kassel
7. Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel
15. Princess Charlotte of Denmark
Duke
Ernst II
1871 – 1955

House of Wettin
900 – 1918

Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
1826 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe, (2) Maria Triebel (morganatic)

Children:
(1) Charlotte Agnes, Princess Sigismund of Prussia, (2) Hereditary Prince Georg Moritz, (3) Princess Elisabeth Karola, (4) Prince Friedrich Ernst

Ancestors of Ernst II
8. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
4. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
9. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2. Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg
10. Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
5. Duchess Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
11. Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia
1. Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
12. George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
6. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
13. Princess Louise Eleanore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
3. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen
14. William II, Elector of Hesse
7. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
15. Princess Augusta of Prussia
Duke
Charles Edward
1884 – 1954

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1826 – 1918

Duchy of Saxe-Coburg Gotha
1826 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein

Children:
(1) Hereditary Prince Johann Leopold, (2) Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten, (3) Prince Hubertus, (4) Princess Caroline Mathilde, (5) Prince Friedrich Josias

Ancestors of Charles Edward
8. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
4. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
9. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
10. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
5. Victoria of the United Kingdom
11. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1. Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
12. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
6. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
13. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
3. Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
14. William, Duke of Nassau
7. Princess Helena of Nassau
15. Princess Pauline of Württemberg
Duke
Bernhard III
1851 – 1928

House of Saxe-Meiningen
(Wettin)
1680 – 1918

Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
1680 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Charlotte of Prussia

Children:
(1) Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen

Ancestors of Bernhard III
8. Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
4. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
9. Princess Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
2. Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
10. William II, Elector of Hesse
5. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
11. Princess Augusta of Prussia
1. Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
12. Frederick William III of Prussia
6. Prince Albert of Prussia
13. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3. Princess Charlotte Frederica of Prussia
14. William I of the Netherlands
7. Princess Marianne of the Netherlands
15. Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia

Princes and Principalities (1918)

Ruler Title Arms – Flag House – State Location Spouse – Children
Prince
Leopold IV
1871 – 1949
House of Lippe
1123 – 1918

Principality of Lippe
1123 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Bertha of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
(2) Princess Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen

Children:
(1) Hereditary Prince Ernst, (2) Prince Leopold Bernhard, (3) Princess Karoline, (4) Prince Chlodwig, (5) Princess Sieglinde, (6) Prince Armin

Ancestors of Leopold IV
8. Ernst I, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld
4. Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld
9. Modeste von Unruh
2. Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld
10. Friedrich, Count of Castell-Castell
5. Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell
11. Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
1. Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
12. Count Cäsar of Wartensleben
6. Count Leopold of Wartensleben
13. Friederike von Gfug, Heiress of Osniszczewo
3. Countess Karoline of Wartensleben
14. Arnold Halbach
7. Mathilde Halbach
15. Caroline Bohlen
Prince
Adolf II
1883 – 1936

House of Lippe
1123 – 1918

Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
1643 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Ellen Bischoff-Korthaus (1894–1936)
Ancestors of Adolf II
8. Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
4. Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
9. Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont
2. Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
10. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
5. Hermine of Waldeck and Pyrmont
11. Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
1. Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
12. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
6. Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg
13. Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg
14. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
7. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen
15. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
Prince
Günther Victor
1852 – 1925

House of Schwarzburg
11?? – 1918

Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
1599 – 1919
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
(1909–1920)
Spouse

(1) Princess Anna Louise of Schönburg-Waldenburg

Ancestors of Günther Victor
8. Frederick Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4. Prince Charles Günther of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
9. Princess Frederica of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2. Prince Adolf of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
10. Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
5. Landgravine Luise Ulrike of Hesse-Homburg
11. Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt
1. Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg
12. Otto Charles Frederick, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg
6. Otto Victor, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg
13. Henriette Eleonore of Reuss-Köstritz
3. Princess Mathilde of Schönburg-Waldenburg
14. Louis Frederick II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
7. Princess Thekla of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
15. Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Homburg
Prince
Friedrich
1865 – 1946

House of Waldeck and Pyrmont
1815 – 1918

Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
1180 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe

Children:
(1) Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, (2) Prince Maximilian, (3) Helena, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Oldenburg, (4) Prince Georg

Ancestors of Friedrich I
8. George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
4. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
9. Princess Auguste of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
2. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
10. Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
5. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
11. Princess Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg
1. Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
12. Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg
6. William, Duke of Nassau
12. Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg
3. Princess Helena of Nassau
14. Prince Paul of Württemberg
7. Princess Pauline of Württemberg
15. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Prince
Heinrich XXIV
1878 – 1927

House of Reuss
(Elder Line)
1778 – 1918

Principality of Reuss-Greiz
1778 – 1918
Ancestors of Heinrich XXIV
8. Heinrich XIII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
4. Heinrich XX, Prince Reuss of Greiz
9. Princess Wilhelmine Louise of Nassau-Weilburg
2. Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
10. Gustav, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
5. Princess Caroline of Hesse-Homburg
11. Princess Louise Friederike of Anhalt-Dessau
1. Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz
12. George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
6. Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
13. Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont
3. Princess Ida of Schaumburg-Lippe
14. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
7. Princess Hermine of Waldeck-Pyrmont
15. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Prince
Heinrich XXVII
1858 – 1928

House of Reuss
(Younger Line)
1913 – 1918

Principality of Reuss-Gera
1806 – 1918
Spouse:
(1) Princess Elise of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Children:
(1) Viktoria, Duchess Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (2) Princess Luise Adelheid, (3) Prince Heinrich XL, (4) Prince Heinrich XLIII, (5) Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line

Ancestors of Heinrich XXVII
8. Heinrich XLII, Prince Reuss of Schleiz
4. Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
9. Princess Caroline of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
2. Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
10. Heinrich LI, Prince Reuss of Ebersdorf
5. Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf
11. Count Luise of Hoym
1. Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
12. Duke Eugen of Württemberg
6. Duke Eugen of Württemberg
13. Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern
3. Duchess Agnes of Württemberg
14. Karl Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
7. Princess Helene of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
15. Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth

November Revolution abdications

Throughout the month of November 1918, all 22 monarchs within the German Empire were either forced to abdicate, or stepped down of their own accord. Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick was the first to do so on 8 November. The next day, the Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II, went into exile in the Netherlands, and his abdication (which he would not officially confirm until 28 November, see below) was announced by his Chancellor and Prussian Minister President Maximilian of Baden. MSPD co-chairman Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed the new "German Republic" from the Reichstag building to gathered crowds, while two hours thereafter Spartacist leader Karl Liebknecht proclaimed the "Free Socialist Republic of Germany" at Berlin Palace. Neither proclamation of the republic was constitutional, and the political situation remained chaotic for several more months, with a short civil war erupting between radical leftist revolutionaries and the more moderate post-imperial social democrat government that would emerge victorious and form the Weimar Republic. Nevertheless, the proclamations and Wilhelm II's abdication triggered a powerful domino effect: the same day a number of other princes stepped down, and within a week most monarchs in Germany had followed suit. The last to abdicate was King William II of Württemberg on 30 November 1918.

Date Title and name State
9 November 1918 Emperor and King Wilhelm II German Empire,
Kingdom of Prussia
13 November 1918 King Ludwig III Kingdom of Bavaria
13 November 1918 King Frederick Augustus III Kingdom of Saxony
30 November 1918 King William II Kingdom of Württemberg
22 November 1918 Grand Duke Frederick II Grand Duchy of Baden
9 November 1918 Grand Duke Ernest Louis Grand Duchy of Hesse
14 November 1918 Grand Duke Frederick Francis IV Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
14 November 1918 Regent Frederick Francis Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
11 November 1918 Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
9 November 1918 Grand Duke William Ernest Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
12 November 1918 Duke Joachim Ernst Duchy of Anhalt
8 November 1918 Duke Ernest Augustus Duchy of Brunswick
13 November 1918 Duke Ernst II Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
14 November 1918 Duke Charles Edward Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
10 November 1918 Duke Bernhard III Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
12 November 1918 Prince Leopold IV Principality of Lippe
15 November 1918 Prince Adolf II Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
22 November 1918 Prince Günther Victor Principalities of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
13 November 1918 Prince Friedrich Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
10 November 1918 Prince Heinrich XXIV Principality of Reuss-Greiz
11 November 1918 Prince Heinrich XXVII Principality of Reuss-Gera

Imperial statement of abdication (1918)

I herewith renounce for all time claims to the throne of Prussia and to the German Imperial throne connected therewith.

At the same time I release all officials of the German Empire and of Prussia, as well as all officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the navy and of the Prussian army, as well as the troops of the federated states of Germany, from the oath of fidelity which they tendered to me as their Emperor, King and Commander-in-Chief. I expect of them that until the re-establishment of order in the German Empire they shall render assistance to those in actual power in Germany, in protecting the German people from the threatening dangers of anarchy, famine, and foreign rule. Proclaimed under our own hand and with the imperial seal attached. Amerongen, 28 November 1918. Signed WILLIAM.

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