List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate

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This article documents the literacy rate of states and union territories of the Republic of India. The Indian national census is a key source for literacy data. However, a national census has not been conducted since 2011 in India, thus other data sources have been used since then as a reference.

Recent estimates

Literacy rates as %age of population aged seven and older
State/UT Census 2011 NSC survey (2017) PLFS report (2024)
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
India 74.04 82.14 65.46 77.7 84.7 70.3 80.9 87.2 74.6
Andaman and Nicobar Islands[UT] 86.63 90.27 82.43 86.27 90.11 81.84 91.1 95.0 87.0
Andhra Pradesh 67.02 74.88 59.15 67.40 80.0 59.5 72.6 78.8 66.8
Arunachal Pradesh 65.38 72.55 57.70 66.95 73.4 59.50 84.2 88.0 80.3
Assam 72.19 77.85 66.27 85.9 90.1 81.2 87.0 90.3 83.6
Bihar 61.80 71.20 51.50 69.70 84.91 73.91 74.3 82.3 66.1
Chhattisgarh 70.28 80.27 60.24 77.3 85.4 68.8 78.5 86.2 70.6
Chandigarh[UT] 86.05 89.99 81.19 86.43 90.54 81.38 93.7 96.4 90.7
Dadra and Nagar Haveli[UT] 76.34 85.17 64.32 77.65 86.46 77.65 - - -
Daman and Diu[UT] 87.10 91.54 79.55 87.07 91.48 87.07 - - -
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu[UT] - - - - - - 87.8 93.6 80.7
Delhi[UT] 86.21 90.94 80.76 88.70 82.40 93.70 86.9 91.6 81.5
Goa 88.70 92.65 84.66 87.4 92.81 81.84 93.6 97.0 90.0
Gujarat 78.03 85.75 69.68 82.4 89.5 74.8 84.6 91.2 77.5
Haryana 75.55 84.06 65.94 80.4 88.0 71.3 84.8 91.4 77.4
Himachal Pradesh 82.80 89.53 75.93 86.6 92.9 80.5 88.8 94.6 83.1
Jammu and Kashmir[UT] 67.16 76.75 56.43 77.3 85.7 68.0 82.0 89.6 73.8
Jharkhand 66.41 76.84 55.42 74.3 83.0 64.7 76.7 82.8 70.6
Karnataka 75.36 82.47 68.08 77.2 83.4 70.5 82.7 88.1 77.3
Kerala 94.00 96.11 91.07 96.2 97.4 95.2 95.3 96.7 94.0
Lakshadweep[UT] 91.85 95.56 87.95 92.28 96.11 88.25 97.3 99.4 94.8
Ladakh[UT] - - - - - - 81.0 87.9 73.1
Madhya Pradesh 69.32 78.73 59.24 73.7 81.2 65.5 75.2 83.1 67.0
Maharashtra 82.34 88.38 75.87 84.8 90.7 78.4 87.3 92.7 81.6
Manipur 76.94 83.58 70.26 79.85 86.49 73.17 92.0 94.4 89.7
Meghalaya 74.43 75.95 72.89 75.48 77.17 73.78 94.2 95.1 93.5
Mizoram 91.33 93.35 89.27 99.01 93.72 89.40 98.2 99.2 97.0
Nagaland 79.55 82.75 76.11 80.11 83.29 80.11 95.7 97.2 94.1
Odisha 72.87 81.59 64.01 77.3 84.0 70.3 79.0 84.9 73.3
Puducherry[UT] 85.85 91.26 80.67 86.55 92.12 86.55 92.7 96.9 88.8
Punjab 75.84 80.44 70.73 83.7 88.5 78.5 83.4 87.0 79.8
Rajasthan 66.11 79.19 52.12 69.7 80.8 57.6 75.8 85.9 65.8
Sikkim 81.42 86.55 75.61 82.2 87.29 76.43 84.7 89.3 79.3
Tamil Nadu 80.09 86.77 73.44 82.9 87.9 77.9 85.5 90.0 81.3
Telangana - - - 72.8 80.5 65.1 76.9 84.7 69.4
Tripura 87.22 92.53 82.73 87.75 92.18 83.15 93.7 95.7 91.6
Uttarakhand 78.82 87.40 70.01 87.6 94.3 80.7 83.8 90.4 77.2
Uttar Pradesh 67.68 77.28 57.18 73.00 81.8 63.4 78.2 86.0 70.4
West Bengal 76.36 81.69 70.54 80.50 84.80 76.10 82.6 85.8 79.3

^ Administered as a Union territory directly by Union government.

Census

Literacy rate as % of population
State/UT 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 30.30 40.07 51.15 63.19 73.02 81.30 86.63
Andhra Pradesh - 21.19 24.57 35.66 44.08 60.47 67.02
Arunachal Pradesh - 7.13 11.29 25.55 41.59 54.34 65.38
Assam 18.53 32.95 33.94 - 52.89 63.25 72.19
Bihar 13.49 21.95 23.17 32.32 37.49 47.00 61.80
Chandigarh - - 70.43 74.80 77.81 81.94 86.05
Chhattisgarh 9.41 18.14 24.08 32.63 42.91 64.66 70.28
Dadra and Nagar Haveli - - 18.13 32.90 40.71 57.63 76.24
Daman and Diu - - - - 71.20 78.18 87.10
Delhi - 61.95 65.08 71.94 75.29 81.67 86.21
Goa 23.48 35.41 51.96 65.71 75.51 82.01 88.70
Gujarat 21.82 31.47 36.95 44.92 61.29 69.14 78.03
Haryana - - 25.71 37.13 55.85 67.91 75.55
Himachal Pradesh - - - - 63.86 76.48 82.80
Jammu and Kashmir - 12.95 21.71 30.64 - 55.52 67.16
Jharkhand 12.93 21.14 23.87 35.03 41.39 53.56 66.41
Karnataka - 29.80 36.83 46.21 56.04 66.06 75.36
Kerala 47.18 55.08 69.75 78.85 89.81 90.86 94.00
Lakshadweep 15.23 27.15 51.76 68.42 81.78 86.66 91.85
Madhya Pradesh 13.16 21.41 27.27 38.63 44.67 63.74 69.32
Maharashtra 27.91 35.08 45.77 57.24 64.87 76.84 82.34
Manipur 12.57 36.04 38.47 49.66 59.89 70.50 76.94
Meghalaya - 26.92 29.49 42.05 49.10 62.56 74.43
Mizoram 31.14 44.01 53.80 59.88 82.26 88.80 91.33
Nagaland 10.52 21.95 33.78 50.28 61.65 66.59 79.55
Odisha 15.80 21.66 26.18 33.62 49.09 63.08 72.87
Puducherry - 43.65 53.38 65.14 74.74 81.24 85.85
Punjab - - 34.12 43.37 58.51 69.65 75.84
Rajasthan 8.5 18.12 22.57 30.11 38.55 60.41 66.11
Sikkim - - 17.74 34.05 56.94 68.81 81.42
Tamil Nadu - 36.39 45.40 54.39 62.66 73.45 80.33
Tripura - 20.24 30.98 50.10 60.44 73.19 87.22
Uttar Pradesh 12.02 20.87 23.99 32.65 40.71 56.27 67.68
Uttarakhand 18.93 18.05 33.26 46.06 57.75 71.62 78.82
West Bengal 24.61 34.46 38.86 48.65 57.70 68.64 76.26
India 18.33 28.30 34.45 43.57 52.21 64.84 74.04

Literacy by social group

By caste

Literacy rate % (NSO 2018)
Social Group Rural Urban Total
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Scheduled Tribe 75.6 58.8 91.3 79.6 77.5 61.3
Scheduled Caste 78.0 60.9 88.4 75.3 80.3 63.9
Other Backward Class 81.7 64.2 91.1 80.5 84.4 68.9
Others 87.6 74.5 95.0 88.6 90.8 80.6
India 81.5 65.0 92.2 82.8 84.7 70.3

By religion

Religion NSO 2018 PLFS 2024
Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
Male Female Male Female Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Hindu 81.8 64.5 93.4 83.8 85.1 70.0 77.3 84.7 69.8 89.7 93.7 85.4 80.8 87.3 74.2
Muslim 77.4 64.8 85.8 75.6 80.6 68.8 77.1 83.5 70.9 83.7 87.6 79.6 79.5 85.0 74.0
Christian 84.4 77.0 95.5 91.4 88.2 82.2 85.8 88.0 83.6 94.5 95.9 93.2 88.9 90.8 87.1
Sikh 92.7 96.4 94.2 95.3 88.9 90.1 80.9 84.3 77.3 90.9 94.7 87.1 83.4 86.9 79.8
India 81.5 65.0 92.2 82.8 84.7 70.3 77.5 84.7 70.4 88.9 92.9 84.9 80.9 87.2 74.6

See also

  • Literacy in India
  • Education in India
  • Gender inequality in India

Sources

  • Census (2011), Chapter 6: State of Literacy (PDF), Government of India
  • NSO (2018). Household Social Consumption on Education in India (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 30 November 2020.

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