List of Jewish states and dynasties

This is a list of dynasties and states that have historically had ties to either ethnic Jews or their religion of Judaism.

States by region

Southern Levant

• Twelve Tribes of Israel, c. 1350-1047 BCE
• Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), c. 1047–930 BCE^{[page needed]}
• Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), c. 930–720 BCE
• Kingdom of Judah, c. 930–587/586 BCE^{[page needed]}
• Yehud Medinata, c. 539–332 BCE
• Hasmonean kingdom, c. 140–37 BCE
• Herodian kingdom/tetrarchy, 37 BCE – 100 CE
• Judean provisional government, 66–68 CE
• Bar Kokhba Jewish state, 132–135 CE
• State of Israel, 1948 CE–present

Wider Middle East

• Himyarite Kingdom, Yemen, 390 CE – 525 CE
• Nehardea, Mesopotamia, 18–33 CE (ruled by Anilai and Asinai of the Parthian Empire)
• Adiabene, Mesopotamia, c. 30–115 CE
• Mahoza Kingdom, Mesopotamia, 495–502 CE (established by Mar-Zutra II)
• Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza and other Jewish tribes of the Khaybar, Saudi Arabia, unknown-628 CE.

Africa

• Kingdom of Simien, Ethiopia c. 960-1137 CE, legendary but Gudit was thought to have reigned 960–1000 CE following the collapse of the Kingdom of Aksum before the rise of the Zagwe dynasty in 1137 CE

Caucasia

• Khazar Kingdom, c. 750–950 CE (semi-nomadic Turkic state in the Caucasus whose ruling royal elite seems to have converted to Judaism, although the extent to which it was adopted by commoners is highly debated)
• Aba-Sava, Dagestan 1630–1800, a semi-independent Mountain Jewish polity and relatively autonomous Persian vassal located south of Derbent

Siberia

• Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia c. 1934 CE–present, one of the federal subjects of Russia.

Proposed

• Medieval French Jewish vassal state, 768–900 CE (purportedly established during the Reconquista)
• Brutakhi, early-13th-century Turkic polity whose Jewishness is debatable; possibly either a Khazar remnant state or Jewish splinter state from the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation

See also

• Jewish autonomism
• List of Hasidic Jewish dynasties
• Proposals for a Jewish state