The office of President of Egypt was established in 1953. The president is the head of state of Egypt and the Supreme Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who has effectively controlled the country since the 2013 coup d'état, and was officially elected president in 2014.
Background
The first president of Egypt was Mohamed Naguib, one of the leaders of the Free Officers Movement who led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and who took office on 18 June 1953, the day on which Egypt was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by five further people: Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak, Mohamed Morsi and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In addition, Sufi Abu Taleb acted as president between Sadat's assassination and Mubarak's election as his successor, and Adly Mansour acted as president after Morsi's overthrow in the 2013 coup d'état.
Following Mubarak's resignation on 11 February 2011 in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the office was vacant, with the functions of head of state and head of government being discharged by the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), Field Marshal Muhammad Hussein Tantawy.
Morsi took office on 30 June 2012, after being elected by the presidential election held on 23–24 May and 16–17 June 2012. He was deposed by the Egyptian Armed Forces in a coup d'état on 3 July 2013, following massive protests calling for his resignation. He was succeeded by Mansour, the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt, as Acting President. Mansour was sworn into office in front of the Supreme Constitutional Court on 4 July 2013.
Current President el-Sisi took office on 8 June 2014, after being elected by the presidential election held on 26–28 May 2014. He was re-elected twice (by the presidential election held on 26–28 March 2018 and by the presidential election held on 10–12 December 2023).
List of officeholders
- Political parties
- Other affiliations
- Status
- Symbols
P Presidential referendum
CT Constitutional and term extension referendum
† Died in office
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| Republic of Egypt (18 June 1953 – 22 February 1958) | |||||||
| 1 | Mohamed Naguib محمد نجيب (1901–1984) | — | 18 June 1953 | 14 November 1954 (Resigned) | 1 year, 149 days | Military / LR | |
| — | Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) Chairman of RCC from 1954 to 1956 | — | 14 November 1954 | 23 June 1956 | 1 year, 222 days | Military | |
| 2 | 1956[P] | 23 June 1956 | 22 February 1958 | 1 year, 244 days | LR (until 1957) | ||
| — | NU | ||||||
| United Arab Republic (22 February 1958 – 11 September 1971) | |||||||
| (2) | Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) | 1958[P] 1965[P] | 22 February 1958 | 28 September 1970[†] | 12 years, 218 days | NU (until 1962) | |
| ASU | |||||||
| 3 | Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) | — | 28 September 1970 | 15 October 1970 | 17 days | ASU | |
| 1970[P] | 15 October 1970 | 11 September 1971 | 331 days | ||||
| Arab Republic of Egypt (11 September 1971 – present) | |||||||
| (3) | Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) | 1976[P] | 11 September 1971 | 6 October 1981 (Assassinated) | 10 years, 25 days | ASU (until 1978) | |
| NDP | |||||||
| — | Sufi Abu Taleb صوفى أبو طالب (1925–2008) Acting president | — | 6 October 1981 | 14 October 1981 | 8 days | NDP | |
| 4 | Hosni Mubarak حسنى مبارك (1928–2020) | 1981[P] 1987[P] 1993[P] 1999[P] 2005 | 14 October 1981 | 11 February 2011 (Overthrown) | 29 years, 120 days | NDP | |
| — | Muhammad Hussein Tantawy محمد حسين طنطاوي (1935–2021) Chairman of SCAF (De facto head of state) | — | 11 February 2011 | 30 June 2012 | 1 year, 140 days | Military | |
| 5 | Mohamed Morsi محمد مرسي (1951–2019) | 2012 | 30 June 2012 | 3 July 2013 (Deposed in a coup) | 1 year, 3 days | FJP | |
| — | Adly Mansour عدلي منصور (born 1945) Interim president | — | 4 July 2013 | 8 June 2014 | 339 days | Independent | |
| 6 | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi عبد الفتاح السيسى (born 1954) | 2014 2018 2019[CT] 2023 | 8 June 2014 | Incumbent | 11 years, 192 days | Independent | |
Timeline
See also
- Muhammad Ali dynasty
- President of Egypt
- Vice President of Egypt
- Prime Minister of Egypt
- List of prime ministers of Egypt
- Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)
- List of speakers of the House of Representatives (Egypt)
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