This is a list of cities in the United Kingdom that are officially designated as such as of 29 August 2022[update]. It lists those places that have been granted city status by letters patent or royal charter.
There are currently 76 such cities in the United Kingdom: 55 in England, eight in Scotland, seven in Wales, and six in Northern Ireland. Of these, 24 in England, two in Wales, and two in Northern Ireland have Lord Mayors; four in Scotland have Lord Provosts. In some cases, the area holding city status does not coincide with the built up area or conurbation of which it forms part. In Greater London, for example, the Cities of London and Westminster hold city status separately, but no other local authority in the London Region has been granted city status, nor has the Greater London Authority.
In other cases, such as the cities of Canterbury and Lancaster, the status applies to a local government district which extends over a number of towns and rural areas outside the main settlement proper. In England, city status sometimes applies to civil parishes, such as with Ripon; though the status may not apply to the local government district which share their name. For example, the civil parishes of Lichfield and Chichester each hold city status, but Lichfield District and Chichester District in which they are situated do not.
As of 2022, there are currently five ceremonial counties which contain three cities – Cambridgeshire (Ely, Cambridge and Peterborough), Essex, Hampshire, West Midlands and West Yorkshire. Outside the UK within British overseas cities of the British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, there are currently five. The number increased as part of the Platinum Jubilee celebrations by the addition of Stanley in the Falkland Islands and Douglas in the Isle of Man.
History
The earliest cities (Latin: civitas) in Britain were the fortified settlements organised by the Romans as capitals of the Celtic tribes under Roman rule. The British clerics of the early Middle Ages later preserved a traditional list of the "28 Cities" (Old Welsh: cair) which was mentioned in De Excidio Britanniae and Historia Brittonum.
The title of city was initially informal and, into the 20th century, royal charters were considered to recognise city status rather than grant it. The usual criterion in early modern Britain was the presence of a cathedral, particularly after King Henry VIII granted letters patent establishing six new cities when he established a series of new dioceses of the Church of England in the 1540s as part of the English Reformation. No new cities were created between the 16th and 19th centuries, but following the Industrial Revolution and the accompanying population boom and growth in urbanisation, new sees were established at Ripon (1836) and Manchester (1847); their councils began to style them cities immediately. Inverness in Scotland was refused a charter at the time of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria honours of 1897, in part because it would have drawn more attention to the other traditional "cities" still not formally chartered as such.[page needed]
Beginning in the mid-19th century, however, the process became more formal. After a visit by Queen Victoria in 1851, Manchester petitioned Parliament for recognition of its status. Ripon followed in the 1860s, and a series of hitherto informal "cities" were formally recognised in the 1880s and 1890s. On the basis of its size, importance, and regular government, Belfast was elevated in spite of its lack of a cathedral in 1888; other large municipalities followed, while smaller applicants began to be rejected. King Edward VII and the Home Office established three criteria for future applicants in 1907: a minimum population of 300,000, a good record of local government, and a "local metropolitan character". These criteria were not made public, however, and following Leicester's successful elevation in 1919, a series of exceptions were made. The Local Government Act 1972 effectively eliminated all authorities holding city status outside Greater London on 1 April 1974; most of their replacements were confirmed in their predecessor's status—even in cases such as the 1974–2023 City of Carlisle district, where much of the local authority area was undeveloped countryside—but the Borough of Medway was not permitted to continue Rochester's title. In recent times there have been competitions for new grants of city status. Towns or councils that claim city status or add "city" to their name have been rebuked by the Advertising Standards Authority.
The cities of the Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland were treated separately. Scottish towns irregularly applied the description to themselves, but were formally organised as royal burghs; the special rights of these were preserved by Article XXI of the Treaty of Union which established the single state of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Edinburgh and Glasgow were confirmed as cities "by ancient usage" in the 18th century, as was Aberdeen, and this was later reconfirmed in the Act enlarging the burgh in 1891. Dundee was granted letters patent in 1889 and Elgin and Perth were recognised as cities by the Home Office in 1972, before the privilege was removed by the Scottish Local Government Act of 1973. In Northern Ireland, only the seat of the Primate of All Ireland at Armagh was accorded city status by ancient usage, and this status was abolished by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840. All other cities have been those explicitly recognised as such.
Thirty-two cities have a Lord Provost (in Scotland) or a Lord Mayor (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland), see List of lord mayoralties and lord provostships in the United Kingdom. The six cities where the Lord Mayor or Lord Provost has the right to the style The Right Honourable are York, the City of London, Edinburgh, Glasgow (since 1912), Belfast (since 1923), and Cardiff (since 1956).
Statistical role
City status has little statistical significance in UK because it is not a measure of a city's size and only holds a ceremonial status. Historic cities, such as St Davids (a cathedral city in Wales) can be quite small, but newer cities, such as those conferred in 2022, can range in size from anywhere between 50,000 to over 200,000. Populous towns, such as Luton, Northampton and Reading, do not have city status.
Conurbations
The term "city" is sometimes loosely applied to conurbations in the UK. The government tends to recognise these as primary urban areas for statistical and economic purposes, though greater urban areas are what most people determine to be a city region. Large cities other than London, such as Manchester or Birmingham, are often confused with these conurbations. Manchester has a significantly lower population than Birmingham, though the Greater Manchester Built-up Area is more populous than the West Midlands conurbation. This question of definition has provoked a second city debate in the United Kingdom.
Conversely, many official cities in the UK contain a substantial rural area encompassing settlements which are physically separated from the core urban area. The City of Milton Keynes (a unitary authority) and City of Colchester (non-metropolitan district) received letters patent which covered an area substantially larger than that of their respective core urban areas; this meant that extra-urban settlements such as the towns of Olney and West Mersea fall within de jure cities.
List of cities
| De facto | De jure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City | Statistical region | Year granted or confirmed | City | City council status | Population |
| London | London | "time immemorial" | City of London | Sui generis and ceremonial county | 12,156 (2023) |
| Westminster | London | 1540 | City of Westminster | London borough | 213,119 (2023) |
| Birmingham | West Midlands | 1889 | City of Birmingham | Metropolitan borough | 1,171,467 (2023) |
| Leeds | Yorkshire and the Humber | 1893 | City of Leeds | Metropolitan borough | 829,417 (2023) |
| Glasgow (Scots: Glesga) (Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu) | Scotland | mid-18th century (Burgh: 1492) | City of Glasgow | Council area | 631,970 (2023) |
| Manchester | North West England | 1853 | City of Manchester | Metropolitan borough | 627,000 (2023) |
| Sheffield | Yorkshire and the Humber | 1893 | City of Sheffield | Metropolitan borough | 579,082 (2023) |
| Bradford | Yorkshire and the Humber | 1897 | City of Bradford | Metropolitan borough | 556,880 (2023) |
| Edinburgh (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) | Scotland | mid-18th century (Burgh: 1329) | City of Edinburgh | Council area | 523,250 (2023) |
| Liverpool | North West England | 1880 | City of Liverpool | Metropolitan borough | 504,932 (2023) |
| Bristol | South West England | 1542 | City of Bristol | Unitary authority and ceremonial county | 482,815 (2023) |
| Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd) | Wales | 1905 | Cardiff | Principal area | 381,759 (2023) |
| Leicester | East Midlands | 1919 | City of Leicester | Unitary authority | 379,963 (2023) |
| Coventry | West Midlands | 1102 ("time immemorial") | City of Coventry | Metropolitan borough | 368,483 (2023) |
| Wakefield | Yorkshire and the Humber | 1888 | City of Wakefield | Metropolitan borough | 362,355 (2023) |
| Belfast (Irish: Béal Feirste) (Ulster-Scots dialect: Bilfawst) | Northern Ireland | 1888 | Belfast | 345,418 (2021) | |
| Nottingham | East Midlands | 1897 | City of Nottingham | Unitary authority | 330,949 (2023) |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | North East England | 1882 | City of Newcastle upon Tyne | Metropolitan borough | 315,110 (2023) |
| Doncaster | Yorkshire and the Humber | 2022 | City of Doncaster | Metropolitan borough | 314,252 (2023) |
| Milton Keynes | South East England | 2022 | City of Milton Keynes | Unitary authority | 297,180 (2023) |
| Salford | North West England | 1926 | City of Salford | Metropolitan borough | 282,487 (2023) |
| Sunderland | North East England | 1992 | City of Sunderland | Metropolitan borough | 279,556 (2023) |
| Brighton and Hove | South East England | 2001 | Brighton and Hove | Unitary authority | 278,455 (2023) |
| Wolverhampton | West Midlands | 2001 | City of Wolverhampton | Metropolitan borough | 271,173 (2023) |
| Kingston upon Hull | Yorkshire and the Humber | 1897 | City of Kingston upon Hull | Unitary authority | 271,095 (2023) |
| Plymouth | South West England | 1928 | City of Plymouth | Unitary authority | 267,888 (2023) |
| Derby | East Midlands | 1977 | City of Derby | Unitary authority | 265,082 (2023) |
| Stoke-on-Trent | West Midlands | 1925 | City of Stoke-on-Trent | Unitary authority | 261,867 (2023) |
| Southampton | South East England | 1964 | City of Southampton | Unitary authority | 257,160 (2023) |
| Swansea (Welsh: Abertawe) | Wales | 1969 | Swansea | Principal area | 245,440 (2023) |
| Aberdeen (Scots: Aiberdeen) (Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain) | Scotland | 1891 (Burgh: 1179) | City of Aberdeen | Council area | 227,750 (2023) |
| Peterborough | East of England | 1541 | City of Peterborough | Unitary authority | 218,179 (2023) |
| Portsmouth | South East England | 192624 | City of Portsmouth | Unitary authority | 209,171 (2023) |
| York | Yorkshire and the Humber | "time immemorial" | City of York | Unitary authority | 206,825 (2023) |
| Colchester | East of England | 2022 | City of Colchester | Non-metropolitan borough | 196,808 (2023) |
| Chelmsford | East of England | 2012 | City of Chelmsford | Non-metropolitan borough | 185,288 (2023) |
| Southend-on-Sea | East of England | 2022 | City of Southend-on-Sea | Unitary authority | 182,278 (2023) |
| Oxford | South East England | 1542 | City of Oxford | Non-metropolitan borough | 165,257 (2023) |
| Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) | Wales | 2002 | Newport | Principal area | 163,547 (2023) |
| Canterbury | South East England | "time immemorial" | City of Canterbury | Non-metropolitan borough | 160,351 (2023) |
| Preston | North West England | 2002 | City of Preston | Non-metropolitan borough | 155,634 (2023) |
| Dundee (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dèagh) | Scotland | 1889 (Burgh: 1191) | City of Dundee | Council area | 150,390 (2023) |
| Cambridge | East of England | 1951 | City of Cambridge | Non-metropolitan borough | 147,797 (2023) |
| St Albans | East of England | 1877 | St Albans City and District | Non-metropolitan borough | 147,410 (2023) |
| Lancaster | North West, England | 1937 | City of Lancaster | Non-metropolitan borough | 145,346 (2023) |
| Norwich | East of England | 1094 ("time immemorial") | City of Norwich | Non-metropolitan borough | 144,251 (2023) |
| Chester | North West England | 1541 | (Cheshire West and Chester does not hold status) | Charter trustees | 138,873 (2021) |
| Exeter | South West England | "time immemorial" | City of Exeter | Non-metropolitan borough | 137,462 (2023) |
| Wrexham (Welsh: Wrecsam) | Wales | 2022 | Wrexham County Borough | Principal area | 137,341 (2023) |
| Gloucester | South West, England | 1541 | City of Gloucester | Non-metropolitan borough | 133,998 (2023) |
| Winchester | South East, England | "time immemorial" | City of Winchester | Non-metropolitan borough | 132,341 (2023) |
| Durham | North East, England | "time immemorial" | (County Durham does not hold status) | Charter trustees | 126,486 (2021) |
| Carlisle | North West, England | 1133 ("time immemorial") | (Cumberland does not hold status) | Charter trustees | 110,024 (2021) |
| Worcester | West Midlands | "time immemorial" | City of Worcester | Non-metropolitan borough | 104,589 (2023) |
| Lincoln | East Midlands | 1072 ("time immemorial") | City of Lincoln | Non-metropolitan borough | 102,392 (2023) |
| Bath | South West, England | 1090 ("time immemorial") | (Bath and North East Somerset does not hold status) | Charter trustees | 95,043 (2021) |
| Derry (Irish: Doire) (Ulster-Scots: Derrie) | Northern Ireland | 1604 | None | Represented on Derry City and Strabane District Council | 85,279 (2021) |
| Dunfermline | Scotland | 2022 | Dunfermline | Part of Fife Council | 76,210 (2020) |
| Bangor (Irish: Beannchar) | Northern Ireland | 2022 | None | Represented on Ards and North Down Borough Council | 64,596 (2021) |
| Inverness (Scots: Inerness) (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Nis) | Scotland | 2001 | Inverness | Part of Highland Council | 63,730 (2020) |
| Hereford | West Midlands | "time immemorial" | Hereford parish | Civil parish | 53,113 (2021) |
| Lisburn (Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach) | Northern Ireland | 2002 | None | Represented on Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council | 51,447 (2021) |
| Stirling (Scots: Stirlin) (Scottish Gaelic: Sruighlea) | Scotland | 2002 | Stirling | Part of Stirling Council | 49,950 (2020) |
| Perth (Scots: Pairth) (Scottish Gaelic: Peairt) | Scotland | 2012 (Burgh: 12th century) | Perth | Part of Perth and Kinross Council | 47,350 (2020) |
| Salisbury | South West England | 1227 | Salisbury parish | Civil parish | 41,552 (2021) |
| Lichfield | West Midlands | "time immemorial" | Lichfield parish | Civil parish | 32,580 (2021) |
| Chichester | South East England | 1075 ("time immemorial") | Chichester parish | Civil parish | 29,407 (2021) |
| Newry (Irish: Iúr Cinn Trá) (Ulster-Scots: Newrie) | Northern Ireland | 2002 | None | Represented on Newry, Mourne and Down District Council | 28,530 (2021) |
| Truro (Cornish: Truru) | South West England | 1877 | Truro parish | Civil parish | 21,046 (2021) |
| Ely | East of England | 1109 ("time immemorial") | Ely parish | Civil parish | 20,574 (2021) |
| Ripon | Yorkshire and the Humber | 1865 | Ripon parish | Civil parish | 16,590 (2021) |
| Armagh (Irish: Ard Mhacha) (Ulster-Scots: Airmagh) | Northern Ireland | 1994 | None | Represented on Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council | 16,310 (2021) |
| Bangor | Wales | "time immemorial" | Bangor community | Community | 15,060 (2021) |
| Wells | South West England | "time immemorial" | Wells parish | Civil parish | 11,145 (2021) |
| St Asaph (Welsh: Llanelwy) | Wales | 2012 | St Asaph community | Community | 3,485 (2021) |
| St Davids (Welsh: Tyddewi) | Wales | 1994 | St Davids and the Cathedral Close | Community | 1,751 (2021) |
Map of the cities
The map shows the 76 cities in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and one Crown Dependency, Douglas in the Isle of Man (not shown on interactive map).
Diocese cities before 1230
English reformation cities (1540–42); Derry (1604)
18th century cities to 2022
Shading key: local government area charter trustee extent urban limits
Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies
The British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies do not form part of the United Kingdom but are part of its sovereign territory. Association of city status with cathedrals ended in 1865. There are presently five cities in Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.
| City | Territory and region | Year granted or confirmed | Population (census date) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gibraltar | Gibraltar Southwestern Europe | 1842 | 32,194 (2012) |
| Douglas (Manx: Doolish) | Isle of Man Irish Sea | 2022 | 27,938 (2011) |
| Stanley | Falkland Islands South Atlantic Ocean | 2022 | 2,460 (2016) |
| Hamilton | Bermuda North Atlantic Ocean | 1897 | 854 (2016) |
| Jamestown, St Helena | St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Atlantic Ocean | 1859 | 629 (2016) |
See also
- Centre for Cities
- City status in Ireland
- List of lord mayoralties and lord provostships in the United Kingdom
- List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom
- List of towns in the United Kingdom
- List of urban areas in the United Kingdom
Notes
- See List of lord mayoralties and lord provostships in the United Kingdom.
- Peterborough was in Northamptonshire from the middle ages until 1974
- De Excidio Britanniae, §3. (in Latin) Cited in the "Civitas" entry of Celtic Culture.
- The 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, for instance, listed St Asaph and Southwell as cities on the basis of their cathedrals despite their lack of charters or, in Southwell's case, local government.[page needed]
- De facto - named city settlement
- De jure - entity with city status
- meaning before 1189, the official start of English common law
- the City of London covers only the "square mile", and is usually just referred to as "the City". The larger conurbation of Greater London has no city charter, and consists of the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs.
- The title of City was used "by courtesy" after 1550 when Westminster ceased to be the see of a bishop. By Letters Patent dated 27 October 1900 city status was conferred on the newly created Metropolitan Borough of Westminster from 1 November. This status was continued on the creation of the City of Westminster as a London borough in 1965.
- City status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated 25 June 1974.
- City status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated 1 April 1974.
- Present Unitary Council Areas which incorporate majority areas from the 4 cities that existed prior to the introduction of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 are declared "cities" by that same act, which also reserves the post of Lord Provost for the convener of the four councils.
- City status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated 28 May 1974.
- Letters Patent under the Great Seal were issued on 29 March 1996 ordaining that the counties of Swansea and Cardiff should have the status of cities from 1 April 1996. The counties replaced the previous district councils which had enjoyed city status.
- The Letters Patent also granted the title of Lord Mayor.
- A letter from the Home Secretary to the Mayor of Leicester dated 14 June 1919, confirming that the city status would be bestowed, noted that this was a "restoration to your ancient town of its former status of a city".
- City Status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated 18 March 1975.
- Burghs of Old Aberdeen and Woodside and the district of Torry incorporated as the City and Royal Burgh of Aberdeen by the Aberdeen Corporation Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. cxxiv).
- Letters Patent under the Great Seal conferring City Status were issued to the unitary authority of York on 1 April 1996, confirming the right of the Lord Mayor to be styled "Right Honourable", in continuation to those granted to the previous City Council abolished 31 March 1996.
- Letters Patent dated 1 June 2012 "to ordain that the Town of Chelmsford in the County of Essex and the Town of St Asaph in the County of Denbighshire shall have the status of a City".
- Warrant issued 28 January 1889 that Letters Patent be issued under the Seal appointed by the treaty of union to be used in place of the Great Seal of Scotland, ordaining and declaring that the Burgh of Dundee shall be a City, and shall be called and styled "The City of Dundee".
- City status was confirmed by Letters Patent dated 9 July 1974. The city status extends to the entire district, although the district council calls itself "St Albans District Council" or "St Albans City and District"
- The status of these cities changed on 1 April 2009 due to local government reforms. Salisbury became a civil parish, while charter trustees were formed for the former district council areas of Chester and Durham in the new unitary authorities of Cheshire West and Chester and County Durham respectively.
- Legally, the city and county are called "Londonderry", while the local government district is called "Derry". See Derry/Londonderry name dispute.
- City status was conferred on Hereford Town Council 11 October 2000.[76] The status had previously been confirmed to the district council formed in 1974. When that council was abolished in 1996 charter trustees were formed for the City of Hereford. On the formation of a town council for Hereford in April 2000 the charter trustees were dissolved, and the city status temporarily lapsed.
- Letters Patent 1 April 2009 City status had been held prior to this date and, since 1974, by the Charter Trustees of the City of New Sarum (The city of Salisbury's formal name was New Sarum cf. Old Sarum from 1227 until 2009)
- Letters Patent dated 4 November 1980. A town council had been constituted in 1980 leading to the dissolution of the Charter Trustees of the City of Lichfield.
- Armagh had previously enjoyed city status, with St Patrick's Cathedral the seat of the metropolitan primate of all Ireland. The city status was lost in 1840 when the city corporation was abolished. However, the successor urban district council and district council frequently used the title of city without official sanction prior to 1994.
- St David's historically had city status because of the presence of St David's Cathedral. In 1849 it was noted that the city had no municipal corporation: There was however a recognised "city" in which a mayor had limited jurisdiction. A Royal Commission appointed in 1876 reported that the corporation had long been extinct, and the city was formally abolished in 1886 under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1883. Letters Patent dated 16 September 1994 ordained that the "Town of St. David's shall have the status of a City".
wikipedia, wiki, encyclopedia, book, library, article, read, free download, Information about List of cities in the United Kingdom, What is List of cities in the United Kingdom? What does List of cities in the United Kingdom mean?