List of countries by population in 1900

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Historical demographics

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List of countries by population
1800 1900 1939

This is a list of countries by population in 1900, with colonial possessions being counted towards the ruling country's total (such as Poland counting towards Russia and Cuba counting as part of the United States).

Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in the year 1900.

Map


List

  1. British Empire 23.5%
  2. Qing China 23.5%
  3. Russian Empire 8.00%
  4. United States 4.60%
  5. French Empire 4.60%
  6. German Empire 4.00%
  7. Others 31.8%


Rank Country/Territory Population
c. 1900 estimate 		Percentage of
world population
— World 1,700,100,000[citation needed] 100%
1 British Empire
constituents
    •   British Asia – 311,041,000
      constituents
        • India – 241,000,000
        • Bangladesh – 30,000,000
        • Pakistan – 23,000,000
        • Burma – 8,000,000
        • Ceylon – 3,912,000
        • British Malaya – 900,000
        • Straits Settlements – 550,000
        • Sarawak – 500,000
        • British Hong Kong – 325,000
        • North Borneo – 300,000
        • Cyprus – 240,000
        • Bahrain – 70,000
        • Trucial Oman – 70,000
        • Maldives – 57,000
        • Aden Protectorate – 45,000
        • Sheikhdom of Kuwait – 40,000
        • Brunei – 22,000
        • Qatar – 11,000
    •   British Africa – 44,587,195
      constituents
        • Egypt – 10,000,000
        • Northern Nigeria – 8,500,000
        • Southern Nigeria – 7,500,000
        • Anglo-Egyptian Sudan – 5,588,000
        • Cape Colony – 2,500,000
        • Uganda – 1,649,000
        • Gold Coast – 1,486,400
        • Kenya – 1,352,000
        • Sierra Leone (including protectorate) – 1,027,000
        • Colony of Natal – 925,100
        • Northern Rhodesia – 770,000
        • Nyasaland – 717,000
        • Southern Rhodesia – 692,000
        • Basutoland – 383,000
        • Mauritius– 375,000
        • Somaliland – 300,000
        • Zanzibar (UK and Oman) – 250,000
        • Gambia – 165,000
        • Bechuanaland – 90,000
        • Swaziland – 90,000
        • Seychelles – 22,000
        • Witu Sultanate – 15,000
        • Saint Helena – 4,500
        • Ascension Island – 100
        • Tristan da Cunha – 95
    • United Kingdom – 44,498,900
    • Canada – 5,301,000
    • Australia – 3,765,700
      constituents
        • Territory of Papua – 400,000
    •   British West Indies – 1,685,000
      constituents
        • Jamaica – 720,000
        • Trinidad and Tobago – 320,000
        • Barbados – 182,000
        • Grenada – 70,000
        • Bahamas – 55,000
        • Saint Lucia – 50,000
        • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – 49,000
        • British Honduras – 45,000
        • Saint Kitts and Nevis – 45,000
        • Antigua and Barbuda – 35,000
        • Dominica – 32,000
        • Bermuda – 20,000
        • Montserrat – 12,000
        • Turks and Caicos Islands – 5,500
        • British Virgin Islands – 5,000
        • Cayman Islands – 5,000
        • Anguilla – 4,500
    • New Zealand – 802,200
    • British Guiana – 300,000
    • Newfoundland – 230,000
    •   Western Pacific Territories – 375,689
      constituents
        • Solomon Islands – 135,000
        • Fiji – 125,000
        • New Hebrides – 50,000
        • Gilbert Islands – 30,000
        • Tonga – 21,000
        • Cook Islands – 6,000
        • Niue – 4,000
        • Ellice Islands – 2,400
        • Christmas Island – 900
        • Cocos Islands – 650
        • Tokelau Islands – 500
        • Pitcairn Islands – 170
        • Phoenix Islands – 69
    • Malta – 195,000
    • Gibraltar – 29,000
    • Falkland Islands – 2,300
 412,000,000 23.51%
2 Qing China
constituents
    • Qing China – ~395,800,000
    • Tibet – 4,200,000
 400,000,000[citation needed] 23.5%
3  Russian Empire
constituents
    • Russia proper – 73,000,000
    • Poland – 14,103,766
    • Grand Duchy of Finland – 2,655,900
    • Emirate of Bukhara - 1,250,000
    • Khanate of Khiva - 400,000
 136,305,900[citation needed] 8.0%
4 United States
constituents
    • Contiguous United States – 75,994,575
    • Cuba – 1,600,000
    • Puerto Rico – 986,000
    • Hawaii – 154,000
    • Alaska – 63,592
    • Guam – 12,000
    • American Samoa – 6,000
 78,816,167[citation needed] 4.6%
5 French Empire
constituents
    • French Third Republic – 38,900,000
    • French Indochina – 15,164,500
      constituents
        • Tonkin – 6,000,000
        • Annam – 4,620,000
        • French Cochinchina – 2,968,500
        • Cambodia – 1,103,000
        • Protectorate of Laos – 473,000
    • French West Africa – 11,439,000
      constituents
        • French Sudan – 2,672,000
        • Upper Volta – 2,222,000
        • Colony of Niger – 1,459,000
        • French Guinea – 1,459,000
        • Ivory Coast – 1,355,000
        • Senegal – 1,200,000
        • Colony of Dahomey and Dependencies – 570,000
        • Colony of Mauritania – 502,000
    • French North Africa – 5,575,000
      constituents
        • French Algeria – 4,675,000
        • French protectorate of Tunisia – 1,900,000
    • Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies – 2,539,500
      constituents
        • French Madagascar – 2,249,500
        • Réunion – 178,000
        • Comoros – 112,000
    • French Equatorial Africa – 1,825,000
      constituents
        • Territory of Chad – 675,000
        • Ubangi-Shari – 630,000
        • French Congo – 280,000
        • Gabon – 240,000
    • French India – 280,000
      • French West Indies – 375,000
      constituents
        • Guadeloupe – 190,000
        • Martinique – 185,000
    • Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan – 185,000
    • New Caledonia – 54,000
    • French Somaliland – 50,000
    • New Hebrides – 50,000
    • French Polynesia – 30,000
    • French Guiana – 24,000
    • Wallis and Futuna – 6,000
    • Saint Pierre and Miquelon – 5,000
 78,790,700[citation needed] 4.6%
6 German Empire
constituents
    • Germany – 56,367,178
    • Kamerun – 3,500,000
    • German East Africa – 3,500,000
    • Ruanda-Urundi – 2,700,000
    • Togoland – 920,000
    • German South West Africa – 210,000
    • German New Guinea – 188,000
    • Kiaochow – 60,000
    • German Solomon Islands – 50,000
    • German Samoa – 37,000
    • Caroline Islands – 36,000
    • Micronesia – 15,000
    • Marshall Islands – 15,000
    • Palau – 4,000
    • Neutral Moresnet – 3,000
    • Mariana Islands – 2,500
    • Nauru – 1,500
 67,609,178 4.0%
7 Austria-Hungary
constituents
    • Hungary – 6,800,000
    • Austria – 6,000,000
    • Bohemia – 6,000,000
    •   Galicia – 5,300,000
    • Moravia – 3,000,000
    • Slovakia – 2,700,000
    • Croatia-Slavonia – 2,100,000
    • Transylvania – 2,100,000
    • Bosnia – 1,600,000
    • Dalmatia – 1,300,000
    • Carniola – 1,200,000
    • Südtirol – 500,000
 48,300,000 [citation needed] 2.8%
8 Dutch Empire
constituents
    • Dutch East Indies – 42,746,000
    • Netherlands – 5,104,100
    • Surinam – 86,000
    • Netherlands Antilles – 44,000
 47,980,100[citation needed] 2.8%
9  Empire of Japan
constituents
    • Japan – 43,847,000
    • Taiwan - 2,759,453
 46,606,000 2.7%
10  Kingdom of Italy
constituents
    • Kingdom of Italy – 32,475,000
    • Italian Somaliland - 400,000
    • Italian Eritrea - 220,000
 33,095,000[citation needed] 1.9%
11 Ottoman Empire
constituents
    • Turkey – 14,000,000
    • Yemen – 2,500,000
    • Kosovo – 1,600,000
    • Aleppo – 1,500,000
    • Salonica – 1,300,000
    • Manastir – 1,000,000
    • Damascus – 1,000,000
    •   Eastern Rumelia – 900,000
    • Baghdad – 800,000
    • Hejaz – 600,000
    • Beirut – 530,000
    •   Tripoli – 500,000
    • Scutari – 350,000
    • Cretan State – 310,000
    • Mosul – 300,000
    • Basra – 200,000
    • Zor – 100,000
 31,706,300[citation needed] 1.9%
12 Sokoto Caliphate 10-20,000,000 0.6-1.1%
13 Spanish Empire
constituents
    • Spain – 18,594,000
    • Spanish Guinea – 150,000
    • Río de Oro – 40,000
    • Fernando Po – 25,000
    • Spanish Morocco – 22,000
    • Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco – 3,000
 18,834,000[citation needed] 1.1%
14 Brazil 17,984,000[citation needed] 1.1%
15 Korean Empire 17,082,000 1.0%
16 Belgian colonial empire
constituents
    • Congo Free State – 8,730,000
    • Belgium – 6,693,500
    • Neutral Moresnet – 3,000
 15,426,500[citation needed] 0.9%
17 Mexico 13,607,000[citation needed] 0.8%
18 Portuguese Empire
constituents
    • Portugal – 5,450,000
    • Portuguese Angola – 4,790,000
    • Portuguese Mozambique – 2,239,000
    • Portuguese India – 475,000
    • Portuguese Timor – 300,000
    • Azores – 260,000
    • Portuguese Guinea – 200,000
    • Madeira – 160,000
    • Cape Verde – 140,000
    • Portuguese Macau – 80,000
    • São Tomé and Príncipe – 61,000
 12,434,000[citation needed] 0.7%
19 Ethiopian Empire 12,180,600 0.7%
20 Qajar Iran 9,860,000[citation needed] 0.6%
21 Philippines 7,409,000[citation needed] 0.4%
22 Union between Sweden and Norway
constituents
    • Sweden – 5,136,400
    • Norway – 2,218,000
 7,354,400[citation needed] 0.4%
23 Morocco 7,000,000 0.4%
24 Siam 6,320,000[citation needed] 0.4%
25  Romania 6,000,000[citation needed] 0.4%
26 Afghanistan 4,550,000[citation needed] 0.3%
27 Argentina 4,542,000[citation needed] 0.3%
28 Jabal Shammar ~4,218,000[citation needed] ~0.2%
29 Colombia 4,157,000[citation needed] 0.2%
30 Bulgaria 3,744,300[citation needed] 0.2%
31  Nepal 3,599,000[citation needed] 0.2%
32  Switzerland 3,315,400[citation needed] 0.2%
33 Chile 3,110,100[citation needed] 0.18%
34 Peru 3,000,000[citation needed] 0.18%
35  Serbia 2,579,800[citation needed] 0.15%
36 Danish Empire
constituents
    • Denmark – 2,430,000
    • Iceland – 82,000
    • Danish Virgin Islands – 28,000
    • Faroe Islands – 17,000
    • Greenland – 13,000
 2,569,000[citation needed] 0.15%
37 Venezuela 2,445,000[citation needed] 0.14%
38 Bolivia 1,766,000[citation needed] 0.1%
39 South African Republic 1,400,000[citation needed]
40 Ecuador 1,271,900[citation needed]
41 Haiti ~1,000,000
42 Uruguay 943,000[citation needed]
43 Guatemala 885,000[citation needed]
44 El Salvador 801,000[citation needed]
45 Liberia 641,000[citation needed]
46 Paraguay 635,600[citation needed]
47 Dominican Republic 600,000[citation needed]
48 Honduras 543,700[citation needed]
49 Muscat and Oman 500,000[citation needed]
50 Nicaragua 429,300[citation needed]
51 Orange Free State 400,000[citation needed]
52 Costa Rica 341,600[citation needed]
53  Montenegro 320,000[citation needed]
54 Bhutan 280,000[citation needed]
55 Luxembourg 252,000[citation needed]
56 Monaco 19,000[citation needed]
57 San Marino 11,000[citation needed]
58 Liechtenstein 10,000[citation needed]
59 Andorra 6,000[citation needed]

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