The rate of natural increase (RNI) is the birth rate minus the death rate. It is typically expressed either as a number per 1,000 individuals in the population or as a percentage. RNI can be either positive or negative. It contrasts to total population change by ignoring net migration.
Countries and subnational areas
Rates are CIA World Factbook estimates of the number of births or deaths in 2025 per 1,000 people. These are also known as crude birth or death rates. The natural increase rate is calculated from the birth and death rates.
- Note: Locations link to demographics pages.
| Location | Rate per 1,000 people | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural increase | Crude births | Crude deaths | |
| Niger | 37.05 | 46.29 | 9.24 |
| Somalia | 35.14 | 46.36 | 11.22 |
| Uganda | 34.3 | 38.91 | 4.61 |
| Angola | 33.02 | 39.75 | 6.73 |
| Benin | 32.37 | 39.82 | 7.45 |
| Mali | 31.57 | 39.44 | 7.87 |
| DR Congo | 31.43 | 38.8 | 7.37 |
| Burundi | 30.4 | 35.91 | 5.51 |
| Afghanistan | 30.2 | 35.99 | 5.79 |
| Chad | 29.87 | 38.62 | 8.75 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 28.83 | 35.82 | 6.99 |
| Mauritania | 28.83 | 34.01 | 5.18 |
| Tanzania | 28.49 | 33.45 | 4.96 |
| Guinea | 27.35 | 35.04 | 7.69 |
| South Sudan | 27.03 | 35.68 | 8.65 |
| Sudan | 26.95 | 32.95 | 6 |
| Mozambique | 26.73 | 36.07 | 9.34 |
| Togo | 25.53 | 30.17 | 4.64 |
| Zambia | 24.69 | 29.6 | 4.91 |
| Senegal | 24.69 | 29.54 | 4.85 |
| Burkina Faso | 24.5 | 31.74 | 7.24 |
| Malawi | 24.47 | 28.04 | 3.57 |
| Nigeria | 24.14 | 33.56 | 9.42 |
| Cameroon | 24.06 | 30.79 | 6.73 |
| West Bank | 24.04 | 27.24 | 3.2 |
| Congo | 23.7 | 28.34 | 4.64 |
| Liberia | 23.55 | 31.72 | 8.17 |
| Ethiopia | 23.5 | 29.08 | 5.58 |
| Gaza Strip | 23.28 | 26.05 | 2.77 |
| Ivory Coast | 22.94 | 29.87 | 6.93 |
| Yemen | 22.86 | 29.07 | 6.21 |
| Papua New Guinea | 22.21 | 27.57 | 5.36 |
| Zimbabwe | 21.78 | 28.18 | 6.4 |
| Madagascar | 21.59 | 27.54 | 5.95 |
| Ghana | 21.36 | 27.09 | 5.73 |
| Sierra Leone | 21.24 | 30.04 | 8.8 |
| Kenya | 21.21 | 25.93 | 4.72 |
| Gambia | 20.96 | 26.49 | 5.53 |
| Tajikistan | 20.86 | 25.31 | 4.45 |
| Central African Republic | 20.45 | 31.49 | 11.04 |
| Rwanda | 20.18 | 25.05 | 4.87 |
| Gabon | 20.07 | 25.51 | 5.44 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 20.03 | 25.87 | 5.84 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 19.74 | 28.55 | 8.81 |
| Eritrea | 19.49 | 25.92 | 6.43 |
| Iraq | 19.4 | 23.26 | 3.86 |
| Pakistan | 19.26 | 25.05 | 5.79 |
| Jordan | 18.4 | 21.9 | 3.5 |
| Solomon Islands | 17.63 | 21.57 | 3.94 |
| Namibia | 17.57 | 23.93 | 6.36 |
| Oman | 17.48 | 20.65 | 3.17 |
| Syria | 17.29 | 21.26 | 3.97 |
| Timor-Leste | 16.53 | 23.39 | 6.86 |
| Marshall Islands | 16.44 | 20.81 | 4.37 |
| Libya | 16.35 | 19.83 | 3.48 |
| Vanuatu | 16.34 | 20.36 | 4.02 |
| Algeria | 15.23 | 19.62 | 4.39 |
| Kuwait | 15.06 | 17.36 | 2.3 |
| Honduras | 14.8 | 19.7 | 4.9 |
| Comoros | 14.74 | 21.12 | 6.38 |
| Djibouti | 14.46 | 21.46 | 7 |
| Tonga | 14.45 | 19.43 | 4.98 |
| Botswana | 14.36 | 21.16 | 6.8 |
| Egypt | 14.3 | 18.63 | 4.33 |
| Israel | 14 | 18.89 | 4.89 |
| Uzbekistan | 13.93 | 18.93 | 5 |
| Tuvalu | 13.79 | 21.57 | 7.78 |
| Haiti | 13.76 | 20.76 | 7 |
| Bangladesh | 13.4 | 19.45 | 6.05 |
| Micronesia | 13.32 | 17.55 | 4.23 |
| Laos | 13.15 | 19.22 | 6.07 |
| Samoa | 13.12 | 18.53 | 5.41 |
| Nauru | 13.09 | 19.64 | 6.55 |
| Mongolia | 12.66 | 18.01 | 5.35 |
| Belize | 12.57 | 17.44 | 4.87 |
| Kiribati | 12.52 | 19.4 | 6.88 |
| Eswatini | 12.36 | 20.66 | 8.3 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 12.27 | 18.26 | 5.99 |
| Guatemala | 12.13 | 17.12 | 4.99 |
| Cambodia | 12.12 | 17.74 | 5.62 |
| Cape Verde | 11.78 | 17.51 | 5.73 |
| Guam (US) | 11.72 | 17.9 | 6.18 |
| Panama | 11.63 | 17.11 | 5.48 |
| Brunei | 11.62 | 15.58 | 3.96 |
| Lesotho | 11.48 | 21.68 | 10.2 |
| Nepal | 11.04 | 16.66 | 5.62 |
| Bolivia | 11.03 | 17.02 | 5.99 |
| Nicaragua | 10.93 | 16.07 | 5.14 |
| Paraguay | 10.69 | 15.66 | 4.97 |
| South Africa | 10.65 | 17.21 | 6.56 |
| Lebanon | 10.5 | 16.73 | 6.23 |
| Maldives | 10.47 | 14.77 | 4.3 |
| Turkmenistan | 10.44 | 16.43 | 5.99 |
| Dominican Republic | 10.43 | 17.4 | 6.97 |
| Ecuador | 10.3 | 17.42 | 7.12 |
| Philippines | 10.22 | 16.02 | 5.8 |
| Venezuela | 9.91 | 16.45 | 6.54 |
| Saudi Arabia | 9.9 | 13.41 | 3.51 |
| Northern Mariana Islands (US) | 9.89 | 15.8 | 5.91 |
| Morocco | 9.84 | 16.5 | 6.66 |
| Guyana | 9.63 | 16.68 | 7.05 |
| Bhutan | 9.3 | 15.05 | 5.75 |
| Bahrain | 9.22 | 12.08 | 2.86 |
| Turks and Caicos Islands (UK) | 9.14 | 12.73 | 3.59 |
| Fiji | 9.05 | 15.63 | 6.58 |
| Saint Martin (France) | 8.95 | 13.78 | 4.83 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 8.93 | 14.7 | 5.77 |
| United Arab Emirates | 8.92 | 10.65 | 1.73 |
| American Samoa (US) | 8.9 | 15.3 | 6.4 |
| Vietnam | 8.77 | 14.58 | 5.81 |
| Kazakhstan | 8.73 | 16.83 | 8.1 |
| Jamaica | 8.71 | 16.08 | 7.37 |
| Mexico | 8.69 | 14.73 | 6.04 |
| Burma | 8.27 | 15.44 | 7.17 |
| Malaysia | 8.25 | 14.05 | 5.8 |
| Suriname | 7.89 | 14.63 | 6.74 |
| Qatar | 7.77 | 9.19 | 1.42 |
| Colombia | 7.77 | 14.73 | 6.96 |
| Indonesia | 7.73 | 14.55 | 6.82 |
| Bahamas | 7.66 | 13.1 | 5.44 |
| New Caledonia (France) | 7.6 | 13.6 | 6 |
| Turkey | 7.37 | 13.56 | 6.19 |
| Kosovo | 7.28 | 14.16 | 6.88 |
| India | 7.21 | 15.91 | 8.7 |
| Anguilla (UK) | 6.93 | 11.69 | 4.76 |
| French Polynesia (France) | 6.86 | 12.7 | 5.84 |
| Iran | 6.82 | 11.24 | 4.42 |
| Sri Lanka | 6.73 | 14.38 | 7.65 |
| Peru | 6.64 | 16.43 | 9.79 |
| El Salvador | 6.53 | 12.46 | 5.93 |
| Faroe Islands (Denmark) | 6.18 | 14.76 | 8.58 |
| Brazil | 5.97 | 13.04 | 7.07 |
| Iceland | 5.85 | 12.47 | 6.62 |
| Costa Rica | 5.62 | 10.86 | 5.24 |
| Wallis and Futuna (France) | 5.5 | 11.63 | 6.13 |
| New Zealand | 5.47 | 12.4 | 6.93 |
| Montserrat | 5.46 | 11.64 | 6.18 |
| Sint Maarten (Netherlands) | 5.41 | 12 | 6.59 |
| British Virgin Islands (UK) | 5.22 | 10.8 | 5.58 |
| Cayman Islands (UK) | 5.17 | 11.41 | 6.24 |
| Tunisia | 4.95 | 11.35 | 6.4 |
| Dominica | 4.87 | 13.02 | 8.15 |
| Gibraltar (UK) | 4.84 | 13.55 | 8.71 |
| Azerbaijan | 4.69 | 11.13 | 6.44 |
| Grenada | 4.59 | 13 | 8.41 |
| Seychelles | 4.57 | 11.59 | 7.02 |
| Singapore | 4.39 | 8.77 | 4.38 |
| Jersey | 4.17 | 11.97 | 7.8 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4.15 | 11.58 | 7.43 |
| Greenland (Denmark) | 4.03 | 13.32 | 9.29 |
| North Korea | 3.98 | 12.99 | 9.01 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3.97 | 11.72 | 7.75 |
| Australia | 3.94 | 10.75 | 6.81 |
| Curaçao (Netherlands) | 3.8 | 12.71 | 8.91 |
| Ireland | 3.52 | 10.95 | 7.43 |
| Macau (China) | 3.29 | 8.31 | 5.02 |
| Palau | 3.01 | 11.53 | 8.52 |
| Cyprus | 2.84 | 9.95 | 7.11 |
| Saint Lucia | 2.76 | 11.17 | 8.41 |
| Aruba | 2.59 | 11.44 | 8.85 |
| Luxembourg | 2.58 | 9.24 | 6.66 |
| Argentina | 2.53 | 10.47 | 7.94 |
| Cook Islands (New Zealand) | 2.37 | 11.85 | 9.48 |
| Liechtenstein | 2.07 | 10.31 | 8.24 |
| Chile | 2.02 | 8.81 | 6.79 |
| United States | 1.99 | 10.75 | 8.76 |
| Norway | 1.75 | 10.35 | 8.6 |
| Thailand | 1.74 | 9.82 | 8.08 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1.64 | 10.33 | 8.69 |
| United Kingdom | 1.51 | 10.76 | 9.25 |
| U.S. Virgin Islands (US) | 1.45 | 10.88 | 9.43 |
| Bermuda (UK) | 1.42 | 10.82 | 9.4 |
| Switzerland | 1.4 | 10.01 | 8.61 |
| Canada | 1.37 | 9.12 | 7.75 |
| Netherlands | 0.98 | 10.68 | 9.7 |
| France | 0.97 | 10.88 | 9.91 |
| Sweden | 0.93 | 10.56 | 9.63 |
| Albania | 0.81 | 8.71 | 7.9 |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) | 0.76 | 9.31 | 8.55 |
| Armenia | 0.64 | 10.24 | 9.6 |
| Mauritius | 0.59 | 9.73 | 9.14 |
| Montenegro | 0.48 | 10.77 | 10.29 |
| North Macedonia | 0.45 | 10.07 | 9.62 |
| Guernsey (UK) | 0.45 | 9.64 | 9.19 |
| San Marino | 0.14 | 9.04 | 8.9 |
| Isle of Man (UK) | 0.05 | 10.25 | 10.2 |
| Saint Barthélemy (France) | -0.43 | 9.32 | 9.75 |
| Belgium | -0.46 | 9.09 | 9.55 |
| China | -0.69 | 7.28 | 7.97 |
| Hong Kong (China) | -0.71 | 7.45 | 8.16 |
| Denmark | -0.75 | 9.81 | 10.56 |
| Uruguay | -0.83 | 9.05 | 9.88 |
| Taiwan | -0.96 | 7.22 | 8.18 |
| Malta | -0.98 | 7.67 | 8.65 |
| Georgia | -1.15 | 11.74 | 12.89 |
| Andorra | -1.26 | 6.88 | 8.14 |
| Austria | -1.4 | 8.81 | 10.21 |
| Slovakia | -1.41 | 9.77 | 11.18 |
| Czech Republic | -2.26 | 9.56 | 11.82 |
| South Korea | -2.65 | 4.29 | 6.94 |
| Puerto Rico | -2.7 | 7.78 | 10.48 |
| Spain | -2.82 | 7.16 | 9.98 |
| Portugal | -2.89 | 8.03 | 10.92 |
| Germany | -3.09 | 8.87 | 11.96 |
| Finland | -3.26 | 7.75 | 11.01 |
| Poland | -3.53 | 8.03 | 11.56 |
| Cuba | -3.64 | 7.78 | 11.42 |
| Slovenia | -3.68 | 7.52 | 11.2 |
| Barbados | -3.94 | 8.02 | 11.96 |
| Italy | -4.07 | 7.13 | 11.2 |
| Croatia | -4.38 | 8.49 | 12.87 |
| Greece | -4.61 | 7.38 | 11.99 |
| Estonia | -4.71 | 7.86 | 12.57 |
| Monaco | -4.9 | 6.46 | 11.36 |
| Belarus | -5.05 | 8.16 | 13.21 |
| Japan | -5.2 | 6.84 | 12.04 |
| Hungary | -5.38 | 9.03 | 14.41 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | -5.41 | 6.88 | 12.29 |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France) | -5.52 | 6.31 | 11.83 |
| Russia | -5.66 | 8.27 | 13.93 |
| Moldova | -5.71 | 8.35 | 14.06 |
| Romania | -5.83 | 8.45 | 14.28 |
| Serbia | -5.94 | 8.72 | 14.66 |
| Bulgaria | -6.3 | 7.88 | 14.18 |
| Lithuania | -7.09 | 7.01 | 14.1 |
| Latvia | -7.44 | 7.24 | 14.68 |
| Ukraine | -11.37 | 6.24 | 17.61 |
Summary by region
The table below assembles history and projections for the major regions shown. The numbers show total births minus total deaths per 1,000 population for the region for each time period. The first four columns show actual rate of natural increase. The remaining columns show projections using the medium fertility variant. All numbers are from the UN Population Division.
| Region | 1950– | 1970– | 1990– | 2010– | 2015– | 2025– | 2035– | 2045– |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | +17.8 | +19.5 | +15.2 | +11.9 | +10.9 | +8.7 | +7.0 | +5.6 |
| Africa | +21.5 | +27.4 | +26.1 | +26.4 | +25.3 | +22.8 | +20.6 | +18.1 |
| Asia | +19.3 | +22.8 | +16.4 | +10.7 | +9.3 | +6.3 | +3.8 | +1.8 |
| Europe | +10.3 | +5.5 | +0.3 | −0.1 | −0.7 | −2.1 | −2.8 | −3.2 |
| Latin America & The Caribbean | +27.1 | +25.8 | +19.0 | +11.9 | +10.4 | +7.5 | +4.9 | +2.8 |
| Northern America | +14.9 | +6.4 | +6.6 | +4.2 | +4.2 | +3.5 | +2.0 | +1.1 |
| Oceania | +15.7 | +14.5 | +12.2 | +10.5 | +9.7 | +8.0 | +6.4 | +5.3 |
See also
- Demographics of the world
- List of countries by population growth rate
See also
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