This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope.
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.
Member and observer states of the United Nations
| Colour key |
|---|
Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government. |
Blue cells indicate de facto executive leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power. |
- Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
| State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Supreme Leader – Hibatullah Akhundzada | Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund |
| Albania | President – Bajram Begaj | Prime Minister – Edi Rama |
| Algeria | President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune | Prime Minister – Sifi Ghrieb |
| Andorra | Episcopal Co-Prince – Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat Co-Prince's Representative – Eduard Ibáñez French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron Co-Prince's Representative – Patrice Faure | Prime Minister – Xavier Espot |
| Angola | President – João Lourenço | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams | Prime Minister – Gaston Browne |
| Argentina | President – Javier Milei | |
| Armenia | President – Vahagn Khachaturyan | Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan |
| Australia | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sam Mostyn | Prime Minister – Anthony Albanese |
| Austria | President – Alexander Van der Bellen | Chancellor – Christian Stocker |
| Azerbaijan | President – Ilham Aliyev | Prime Minister – Ali Asadov |
| Bahamas, The | King – Charles III Governor-General – Dame Cynthia A. Pratt | Prime Minister – Philip Davis |
| Bahrain | King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa |
| Bangladesh | President – Mohammed Shahabuddin | Chief Adviser – Muhammad Yunus |
| Barbados | President – Jeffrey Bostic | Prime Minister – Mia Mottley |
| Belarus | Chairman of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly – Alexander Lukashenko | |
| President – Alexander Lukashenko | Prime Minister – Aleksandr Turchin | |
| Belgium | King – Philippe | Prime Minister – Bart De Wever |
| Belize | King – Charles III Governor-General – Dame Froyla Tzalam | Prime Minister – Johnny Briceño |
| Benin | President – Patrice Talon | |
| Bhutan | King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | Prime Minister – Tshering Tobgay |
| Bolivia | President – Rodrigo Paz | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | High Representative – Christian Schmidt | |
| Presidency | Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Borjana Krišto | |
Members:
| ||
| Botswana | President – Duma Boko | |
| Brazil | President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | |
| Brunei | Sultan – Hassanal Bolkiah | Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah |
| Bulgaria | President – Rumen Radev | Prime Minister – Vacant |
| Burkina Faso | President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration – Ibrahim Traoré | |
| Interim President – Ibrahim Traoré | Interim Prime Minister – Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo | |
| Burundi | President – Évariste Ndayishimiye | Prime Minister – Nestor Ntahontuye |
| Cambodia | President of the People's Party – Hun Sen | |
| King – Norodom Sihamoni | Prime Minister – Hun Manet | |
| Cameroon | President – Paul Biya | Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute |
| Canada | King – Charles III Governor General – Mary Simon | Prime Minister – Mark Carney |
| Cape Verde | President – José Maria Neves | Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva |
| Central African Republic | President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra | Prime Minister – Félix Moloua |
| Chad | President – Mahamat Déby | Prime Minister – Allamaye Halina |
| Chile | President – Gabriel Boric | |
| President-elect – José Antonio Kast | ||
| China | General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping | |
| President – Xi Jinping | Premier – Li Qiang | |
| Colombia | President – Gustavo Petro | |
| Comoros | President – Azali Assoumani | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | President – Félix Tshisekedi | Prime Minister – Judith Suminwa |
| Congo, Republic of the | President – Denis Sassou Nguesso | Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso |
| Costa Rica | President – Rodrigo Chaves Robles | |
| Croatia | President – Zoran Milanović | Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković |
| Cuba | First Secretary of the Communist Party – Miguel Díaz-Canel | |
| President – Miguel Díaz-Canel | Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz | |
| Cyprus | President – Nikos Christodoulides | |
| Czech Republic | President – Petr Pavel | Prime Minister – Andrej Babiš |
| Denmark | King – Frederik X | Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen |
| Djibouti | President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh | |
| Dominica | President – Sylvanie Burton | Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit |
| Dominican Republic | President – Luis Abinader | |
| Ecuador | President – Daniel Noboa | |
| Egypt | President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | Prime Minister – Mostafa Madbouly |
| El Salvador | President – Nayib Bukele | |
| Equatorial Guinea | President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Prime Minister – Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua |
| Eritrea | President – Isaias Afwerki | |
| Estonia | President – Alar Karis | Prime Minister – Kristen Michal |
| Eswatini | Ngwenyama – Mswati III | Prime Minister – Russell Dlamini |
| Ndlovukati – Ntfombi | ||
| Ethiopia | President – Taye Atske Selassie | Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed |
| Fiji | President – Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu | Prime Minister – Sitiveni Rabuka |
| Finland | President – Alexander Stubb | Prime Minister – Petteri Orpo |
| France | President – Emmanuel Macron | Prime Minister – Sébastien Lecornu |
| Gabon | President – Brice Oligui Nguema | |
| Gambia, The | President – Adama Barrow | |
| Georgia | Honorary Chairman of Georgian Dream – Bidzina Ivanishvili | |
| President – Mikheil Kavelashvili | Prime Minister – Irakli Kobakhidze | |
| Germany | President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier | Chancellor – Friedrich Merz |
| Ghana | President – John Mahama | |
| Greece | President – Konstantinos Tasoulas | Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis |
| Grenada | King – Charles III Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade | Prime Minister – Dickon Mitchell |
| Guatemala | President – Bernardo Arévalo | |
| Guinea | Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development – Mamady Doumbouya | |
| Interim President – Mamady Doumbouya | Prime Minister – Bah Oury | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Leader of the High Military Command for the Restoration of National Security and Public Order – Horta Na Man | |
| Transitional President – Horta Na Man | Prime Minister – Ilídio Vieira Té | |
| Guyana | President – Irfaan Ali | |
| Haiti | President – Transitional Presidential Council | Acting Prime Minister – Alix Didier Fils-Aimé |
| Laurent Saint-Cyr (President) | ||
Other members:
| ||
| Honduras | President – Xiomara Castro | |
| Hungary | President – Tamás Sulyok | Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán |
| Iceland | President – Halla Tómasdóttir | Prime Minister – Kristrún Frostadóttir |
| India | President – Droupadi Murmu | Prime Minister – Narendra Modi |
| Indonesia | President – Prabowo Subianto | |
| Iran | Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei | President – Masoud Pezeshkian |
| Iraq | President – Abdul Latif Rashid | Prime Minister – Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani |
| Ireland | President – Catherine Connolly | Taoiseach – Micheál Martin |
| Israel | President – Isaac Herzog | Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu |
| Italy | President – Sergio Mattarella | Prime Minister – Giorgia Meloni |
| Ivory Coast | President – Alassane Ouattara | Prime Minister – Robert Beugré Mambé |
| Jamaica | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen | Prime Minister – Andrew Holness |
| Japan | Emperor – Naruhito | Prime Minister – Sanae Takaichi |
| Jordan | King – Abdullah II | Prime Minister – Jafar Hassan |
| Kazakhstan | President – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev | Prime Minister – Oljas Bektenov |
| Kenya | President – William Ruto | |
| Kiribati | President – Taneti Maamau | |
| Kuwait | Emir – Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Prime Minister – Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah |
| Kyrgyzstan | President – Sadyr Japarov | |
| Laos | General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party – Thongloun Sisoulith | |
| President – Thongloun Sisoulith | Prime Minister – Sonexay Siphandone | |
| Latvia | President – Edgars Rinkēvičs | Prime Minister – Evika Siliņa |
| Lebanon | President – Joseph Aoun | Prime Minister – Nawaf Salam |
| Lesotho | King – Letsie III | Prime Minister – Sam Matekane |
| Liberia | President – Joseph Boakai | |
| Libya | Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi | Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh |
| Liechtenstein | Prince Regnant – Hans-Adam II | Prime Minister – Brigitte Haas |
| Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois | ||
| Lithuania | President – Gitanas Nausėda | Prime Minister – Inga Ruginienė |
| Luxembourg | Grand Duke – Guillaume V | Prime Minister – Luc Frieden |
| Madagascar | President – Michael Randrianirina | Prime Minister – Herintsalama Rajaonarivelo |
| Malawi | President – Peter Mutharika | |
| Malaysia | King – Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar | Prime Minister – Anwar Ibrahim |
| Maldives | President – Mohamed Muizzu | |
| Mali | President – Assimi Goïta | |
| Malta | President – Myriam Spiteri Debono | Prime Minister – Robert Abela |
| Marshall Islands | President – Hilda Heine | |
| Mauritania | President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani | Prime Minister – Mokhtar Ould Djay |
| Mauritius | President – Dharam Gokhool | Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam |
| Mexico | President – Claudia Sheinbaum | |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | President – Wesley Simina | |
| Moldova | President – Maia Sandu | Prime Minister – Alexandru Munteanu |
| Monaco | Sovereign Prince – Albert II | Minister of State – Christophe Mirmand |
| Mongolia | President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Prime Minister – Gombojavyn Zandanshatar |
| Montenegro | President – Jakov Milatović | Prime Minister – Milojko Spajić |
| Morocco | King – Mohammed VI | Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch |
| Mozambique | President – Daniel Chapo | |
| Myanmar | Acting President – Vacant (Min Aung Hlaing serving Pro Tem On Duty) | Prime Minister – Nyo Saw |
| Namibia | President – Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah | |
| Nauru | President – David Adeang | |
| Nepal | President – Ram Chandra Poudel | Interim Prime Minister – Sushila Karki |
| Netherlands | King – Willem-Alexander | Prime Minister – Dick Schoof |
| New Zealand | King – Charles III Governor-General – Dame Cindy Kiro | Prime Minister – Christopher Luxon |
| Nicaragua | Co-Presidents – Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo | |
| Niger | President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland – Abdourahamane Tchiani | |
| Transitional President – Abdourahamane Tchiani | Prime Minister – Ali Lamine Zeine | |
| Nigeria | President – Bola Tinubu | |
| North Korea | General Secretary of the Workers' Party – Kim Jong Un | |
| President of the State Affairs – Kim Jong Un | Premier – Pak Thae-song | |
| North Macedonia | President – Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova | Prime Minister – Hristijan Mickoski |
| Norway | King – Harald V | Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr Støre |
| Oman | Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq | |
| Pakistan | President – Asif Ali Zardari | Prime Minister – Shehbaz Sharif |
| Palau | President – Surangel Whipps Jr. | |
| Palestine | President – Mahmoud Abbas | Prime Minister – Mohammad Mustafa |
| Panama | President – José Raúl Mulino | |
| Papua New Guinea | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae | Prime Minister – James Marape |
| Paraguay | President – Santiago Peña | |
| Peru | President – José Jerí | |
| Philippines | President – Bongbong Marcos | |
| Poland | President – Karol Nawrocki | Prime Minister – Donald Tusk |
| Portugal | President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa | Prime Minister – Luís Montenegro |
| Qatar | Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani | Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani |
| Romania | President – Nicușor Dan | Prime Minister – Ilie Bolojan |
| Russia | President – Vladimir Putin | Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin |
| Rwanda | President – Paul Kagame | Prime Minister – Justin Nsengiyumva |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | King – Charles III Governor-General – Dame Marcella Liburd | Prime Minister – Terrance Drew |
| Saint Lucia | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sir Errol Charles | Prime Minister – Philip J. Pierre |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | King – Charles III Governor-General – Dame Susan Dougan | Prime Minister – Godwin Friday |
| Samoa | O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II | Prime Minister – Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt |
| San Marino | Captain Regent – Matteo Rossi | Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs – Luca Beccari |
| Captain Regent – Lorenzo Bugli | ||
| São Tomé and Príncipe | President – Carlos Vila Nova | Prime Minister – Américo Ramos |
| Saudi Arabia | King – Salman | Prime Minister – Mohammed bin Salman |
| Senegal | President – Bassirou Diomaye Faye | Prime Minister – Ousmane Sonko |
| Serbia | President – Aleksandar Vučić | Prime Minister – Đuro Macut |
| Seychelles | President – Patrick Herminie | |
| Sierra Leone | President – Julius Maada Bio | |
| Singapore | President – Tharman Shanmugaratnam | Prime Minister – Lawrence Wong |
| Slovakia | President – Peter Pellegrini | Prime Minister – Robert Fico |
| Slovenia | President – Nataša Pirc Musar | Prime Minister – Robert Golob |
| Solomon Islands | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sir David Tiva Kapu | Prime Minister – Jeremiah Manele |
| Somalia | President – Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | Prime Minister – Hamza Abdi Barre |
| South Africa | President – Cyril Ramaphosa | |
| South Korea | President – Lee Jae Myung | |
| South Sudan | President – Salva Kiir Mayardit | |
| Spain | King – Felipe VI | Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez |
| Sri Lanka | President – Anura Kumara Dissanayake | |
| Sudan | Transitional Sovereignty Council | Prime Minister – Kamil Idris |
| Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman) | ||
Other members:
| ||
| Suriname | President – Jennifer Geerlings-Simons | |
| Sweden | King – Carl XVI Gustaf | Prime Minister – Ulf Kristersson |
| Switzerland | Federal Council | |
Members:
| ||
| Syria | President – Ahmed al-Sharaa | |
| Tajikistan | President – Emomali Rahmon | Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda |
| Tanzania | President – Samia Suluhu Hassan | |
| Thailand | King – Maha Vajiralongkorn | Prime Minister – Anutin Charnvirakul |
| Timor-Leste | President – José Ramos-Horta | Prime Minister – Xanana Gusmão |
| Togo | President – Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové | Prime Minister – Faure Gnassingbé |
| Tonga | King – Tupou VI | Prime Minister – ʻAisake Eke |
| Prime minister-designate – Fatafehi Fakafānua | ||
| Trinidad and Tobago | President – Christine Kangaloo | Prime Minister – Kamla Persad-Bissessar |
| Tunisia | President – Kaïs Saïed | Prime Minister – Sara Zaafarani |
| Turkey | President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | |
| Turkmenistan | Chairman of the People's Council – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow | |
| President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow | ||
| Tuvalu | King – Charles III Governor-General – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani | Prime Minister – Feleti Teo |
| Uganda | President – Yoweri Museveni | |
| Ukraine | President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy | Prime Minister – Yulia Svyrydenko |
| United Arab Emirates | President – Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |
| United Kingdom | King – Charles III | Prime Minister – Keir Starmer |
| United States | President – Donald Trump | |
| Uruguay | President – Yamandú Orsi | |
| Uzbekistan | President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev | Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov |
| Vanuatu | President – Nikenike Vurobaravu | Prime Minister – Jotham Napat |
| Vatican City (Holy See) | Pope – Leo XIV | President of the Governorate – Sister Raffaella Petrini |
| Venezuela | President – Nicolás Maduro | |
| Vietnam | General Secretary of the Communist Party – Tô Lâm | |
| President – Lương Cường | Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính | |
| Yemen | Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council – Rashad al-Alimi | Prime Minister – Salem Saleh bin Braik |
| Zambia | President – Hakainde Hichilema | |
| Zimbabwe | President – Emmerson Mnangagwa | |
Other states
The following states are in free association with a UN member state.
| State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cook Islands | New Zealand | King – Charles III King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters | Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
| Niue | New Zealand | King – Charles III King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro | Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi |
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazia | Georgia | President – Badra Gunba | |
| Republic of China (Taiwan) | People's Republic of China | President – Lai Ching-te | Premier – Cho Jung-tai |
| Kosovo | Serbia | President – Vjosa Osmani | Acting Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
| Northern Cyprus | Cyprus | President – Tufan Erhürman | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
| Sahrawi Republic | Morocco | General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
| President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
| South Ossetia | Georgia | President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
| Somaliland | Somalia | President – Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi | |
| Transnistria | Moldova | President – Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg |
Alternative governments
This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supreme Political Council | Yemen | Leader of the Houthis – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi | |
| Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat | Acting Prime Minister – Muhammad Ahmed Miftah | ||
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government of National Stability | Libya | Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi | Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad | ||
| National Unity Government | Myanmar | Acting President – Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann |
| Hamas government in Gaza | Palestine | Leader of Hamas in Gaza – Izz al-Din al-Haddad | |
| President – Mahmoud Abbas | Head of Government – Community Support Committee | ||
| Government of Peace and Unity | Sudan | Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo | Prime Minister – Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi |
This alternative government does not control its territory but is recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coordination Council | Belarus | President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
Sui generis entities
| Entity | Head of entity | Head of government |
|---|---|---|
| European Union | President of the European Council – António Costa | President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen |
| Sovereign Military Order of Malta | Prince and Grand Master – John T. Dunlap | Grand Chancellor – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo |
See also
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- Colonial governors by century
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- Lists of state leaders by century
- List of state leaders in the 21st century
- List of state leaders in the 2020s
- List of state leaders in the 21st century
- Lists of state leaders by century
- President of the Republic
- List of heads of the executive by approval rating
wikipedia, wiki, encyclopedia, book, library, article, read, free download, Information about List of current heads of state and government, What is List of current heads of state and government? What does List of current heads of state and government mean?