List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.

In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Colour key
  Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government.
  Blue cells indicate de facto executive leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power.
Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

Other states

The following states are in free association with a UN member state.

State Associated with Head of state Head of government
Cook Islands New Zealand King – Charles III
King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters
Prime Minister – Mark Brown
Niue  New Zealand King – Charles III
King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro
Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi

The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
Abkhazia Georgia President – Badra Gunba
Republic of China (Taiwan) People's Republic of China President – Lai Ching-te Premier – Cho Jung-tai
Kosovo Serbia President – Vjosa Osmani Acting Prime Minister – Albin Kurti
Northern Cyprus Cyprus President – Tufan Erhürman Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel
Sahrawi Republic Morocco General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali
President – Brahim Ghali Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
South Ossetia  Georgia President – Alan Gagloyev Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev

The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
Somaliland Somalia President – Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi
Transnistria Moldova President – Vadim Krasnoselsky Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg

Alternative governments

This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

Government State Head of state Head of government
Supreme Political Council Yemen Leader of the Houthis – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat Acting Prime Minister – Muhammad Ahmed Miftah

These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.

Government State Head of state Head of government
Government of National Stability Libya Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad
 National Unity Government Myanmar Acting President – Duwa Lashi La Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann
Hamas government in Gaza Palestine Leader of Hamas in Gaza – Izz al-Din al-Haddad
President – Mahmoud Abbas Head of Government – Community Support Committee
Government of Peace and Unity Sudan Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo Prime Minister – Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi

This alternative government does not control its territory but is recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

Government State Head of state Head of government
 Coordination Council Belarus President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya

Sui generis entities

Entity Head of entity Head of government
European Union President of the European Council – António Costa President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen 
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Prince and Grand Master – John T. Dunlap Grand Chancellor – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo

See also

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