The succession of Thai monarchs began with Si Inthrathit at the establishment of the first Thai kingdom in 1238. With brief interruptions, 55 monarchs and 27 viceroys have ruled over four successive kingdoms, the current monarch being Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) of the Chakri dynasty.
| King of Thailand | |
|---|---|
| พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย | |
Royal Standard (since 1910) | |
| Incumbent | |
| Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) since 13 October 2016 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir presumptive | Dipangkorn Rasmijoti |
| First monarch | Si Inthrathit |
| Formation | 1238 |
| Residence |
|
| Website | royaloffice.th |
Titles and naming conventions
In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch used the title Khun (Thai: ขุน) or Phaya (Thai: พญา), while Pho Khun/ Phaya (Thai: พ่อขุน/ พ่อพญา) or Phoo Khun/ Phaya (Thai: ปู่ขุน/ ปู่พญา) were used to refer to deceased monarchs or senior relatives who were monarchs.
In the Ayutthaya Kingdom and afterward, thanandon, the system of Thai royal titles, determines the style of the monarch's full regnal name (which includes the title), consisting of two interconnected parts:
- The first part is the title Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว, 'His Majesty the King'). The title is split by the regnal name, written between Phra and Chao. If the monarch was not formally crowned, Phra Bat is omitted. If the monarch ruled as a tributary or was usurped, Somdet may be omitted.
- Sometimes, Chao Yu Hua is fully omitted. Other times, only Yu Hua is omitted, in which case Chao follows the remaining components of the title and precedes the regnal name.
- The second part is the regnal name, of which only a portion may be used to commonly refer to the monarch. It may differ from their birth name, their name as uparaja (viceroy), or their posthumous name and/or historical style. This list refers to monarchs by the names most often used by traditional historians.
Western nations referred to the monarch as the "King of Siam" (Latin: Rex Siamensium), regardless of Thai titles, since the initiation of relations in the 16th century. Mongkut (Rama IV) was the first monarch to adopt the title when the name Siam was first used in an international treaty. When the kingdom's name was changed to Thailand, the monarch's Western title changed accordingly.
Regarding the relationship between kings and viceroys
In Siam, the relationship between the king and the viceroy (called the Uparaja) was based on shared rule but clear hierarchy. The king was the highest ruler, while the viceroy was usually a close relative chosen to help govern and serve as the likely successor, though this would often prove false due to other member of the family starting a succession war. The viceroy had real authority, controlling parts of the kingdom and managing government and military affairs when needed. However, all power officially came from the king, and the viceroy was expected to support and follow the monarch’s decisions. Because the viceroy had his own court and influence, this system sometimes led to rivalry or competition between the two. The position continued for many centuries until King Chulalongkorn abolished it in the late 19th century to centralize power under the monarchy. While the viceroy is not the king, through out the history of Siam, there were moments where these viceroys were crowned "in equal power" as the monarch such that of the coronation of Rama IV and Pinklao.
Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438)
Tai peoples migrated into mainland Southeast Asia in the 8th–10th centuries. In the years after, Northern Thai groups established mueang that evolved into larger states, such as Ngoenyang. However, it was not until the decline of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century that a Central Thai kingdom politically and culturally related to modern Thailand was first founded.
Pre-Sukhothai era (pre–1238)
| Lavo suzerainty era | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Inthrachaithirat อินทราไชยธิราช | 679 | 687 |
|
| Phalithirat พาลีธิราช | 687 | unknown (8th century) |
|
| 8th century, abandoned after an invasion by the Suvarnakhomkham Kingdom | |||
| Haripunchai suzerainty era | |||
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Aphaikhamini อภัยคามินี | 957 | 959 |
|
| Sri Chanthrathibodi ศรีจันทราธิบดี | 959 | unknown (10th century) |
|
| Khmer suzerainty era | |||
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Arunakuman อรุณกุมาร | unknown | until 1052 |
|
| City-state is partitioned into Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai, after this the city was ruled from Si-Satchanalai | |||
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Phra Phanom Thale Sri พระพนมทะเลศรี | 1155 | 1157 |
|
| Suryaraja สุริยราชา | 1156 | 1184 |
|
| De facto independent | |||
| Candraraja จันทราชา | 1184 | 1214 |
|
| E Daeng Phloeng อีแดงเพลิง | 1214 | 1219 |
|
| Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai is merged | |||
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Sri Naw Nam Thum ศรีนาวนำถุม | 1219 | unknown |
|
| Khom Sabat Khlon Lamphong ขอมสบาดโขลญลำพง | unknown |
| |
| Pha Muang ผาเมือง | unknown | until 1238 |
|
Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438; 1468–1474)
The Phra Ruang dynasty was the only royal lineage that ruled over the Sukhothai Kingdom, the first Central Thai state. Established by Si Inthrathit in 1238, who declared independence from the Khmer Empire, the dynasty laid the foundations for Thai society. Under Ram Khamhaeng the Great, the initial Thai script was invented and Theravāda Buddhism was established as the state religion.: 197 : 25
The dynasty is named after the Traiphum Phra Ruang, a Buddhist cosmology book written by Maha Thammaracha I. During his reign, the kingdom was invaded by Ayutthaya, a neighboring Thai state, becoming a tributary during the reign of Maha Thammaracha II.: 222
In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch ruled from the city of Sukhothai, while the heir presumptive would occasionally be named uparaja, or viceroy, and ruled in Si Satchanalai. In 1438, Ayutthaya annexed Sukhothai at the death of Maha Thammaracha IV when Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya named his son Prince Ramesuan uparaja. In Ayutthaya, the tradition would evolve into the Front Palace system.
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Reign | Succession | Life details | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit กมรเตงอัญศรีอินทรบดินทราทิตย์ | Khun Si Inthrathit ขุนศรีอินทราทิตย์ or Khun Bang Klang Hao ขุนบางกลางหาว | 1238 – 1270 (32 years) | First King of Sukhothai Descendant of Asadvarapura Kingdom's Royals | 1188 – 1270 (aged 82) Ruled locally in the Khmer Empire as Bang Klang Hao. His rebellion led to the establishment of Sukhothai, the first Central Thai kingdom | vacant | |
| 2 | Khun Ban Mueang ขุนบานเมือง | 1270 – 1279 (9 years) | Son of Si Inthrathit | c. 1237 – 1279 (aged approx. 42) Namesake for birth name of Maha Thammaracha IV | Ram (brother) | ||
| 3 | Phrabat Kamonteng Ansi Rammarat พระบาทกมรเตงอัญศรีรามราช | Khun Ram Khamhaeng the Great ขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช | 1279 – 1298 (19 years) | Son of Si Inthrathit | c. 1237/1247 – 1298 (aged approx. 51/61) Oversaw the height of Sukhothai prosperity, the development of the Thai script, and the propagation of Theravada Buddhism within Sukhothai | vacant | |
| (-) | Phaya Sai Songkhram พญาไสสงคราม | 1298 | Son of Ram Khamhaeng | late c.1200s – unknown (aged approx. 51/61) Reigned as regent until Loe Thai ascended | |||
| 4 | Phraya Loe Thai พระยาเลอไทย | 1298 – 1323 (25 years) | Son of Ram Khamhaeng | c. 1262 – 1323 (aged approx. 61) Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Thwe-Da. His reign saw the decline of Sukhothai, as regions conquered by Ram Khamhaeng broke away | Li Thai (son) | ||
| 5 | Phraya Ngua Nam Thum พระยางั่วนำถุม | 1323 – 1347 (24 years) | Son of Ban Mueang | c. 1266 – 1347 (aged approx. 81) Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Htapi. Origin of his name is disputed | Li Thai (nephew) | ||
| (-) | name unknown | 1347 | Son of Ngua Nam Thum | (late c.1200s to c.1300s) – c.1347 (aged approx. unknown) Crowned after Ngua Nam Thum, then Li Thai, then lord of Si Satchanalai and viceroy, marched his army and overthrown a son of Ngua Nam Thum in a coup where "he killed all his enemies". | vacant | ||
| 6 | Phra Maha Thammaracha I พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑ | Phraya Li Thai พระยาลิไทย | 1347 – 1368 (21 years) | Son of Loe Thai Overthrew son of Ngua Nam Thum | c. 1300 – 1368 (aged approx. 68) Known for his devotion to Buddhist philosophy and writing. During his reign, Ayutthaya began to invade into Sukhothai | ||
| 1378: Sukhothai became a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom | |||||||
| 7 | Phra Maha Thammaracha II พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๒ | Phraya Lue Thai พระยาลือไทย | 1368 – c. 1400 (approx. 32 years) | Son of Maha Thammaracha I | c. 1358 – 1400 (aged approx. 42) Born Lue Thai. Under his rule, the dynasty continued under tributary status | vacant | |
| 8 | Phra Maha Thammaracha III พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๓ | Phraya Sai Lue Thai พระยาไสลือไทย | c. 1400 – 1419 (approx. 19 years) | Son of Maha Thammaracha II | c. 1380 – 1419 (aged approx. 39) Born Sai Lue Thai | ||
| 9 | Phra Maha Thammaracha IV พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๔ | Phraya Borommapan พระยาบรมปาล | 1419 – 1438 (19 years) | Son of Maha Thammaracha III Succession War | c. 1401 – 1438 (aged approx. 37) Born Borommapan. Won the throne against his brother after the intervention of King Intharachathirat of Ayutthaya. Upon his death, King Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya installed his son as uparaja, ending the Phra Ruang succession | ||
| 1438: De facto annexation with Ayutthaya Kingdom ending Sukhothai autonomy | |||||||
| (-) | Phraya Yutthisathian พระยายุทธิษเฐียร | 1468 – 1474 (6 years) | Son of Maha Thammaracha IV | c.1420s – c.1480s (mentioned) (aged approx. 60) Was to be appointed the viceroy under Borommatrailokkanat, instead was appointed Phraya Songkhwae (Phitsanulok). Sometime later, he was appointed viceroy of Sukhothai. Removed as viceroy, stripped of all titles and lands | vacant | ||
| 1529: De jure annexation with Ayutthaya Kingdom, as the position of Viceroy (Uparat) of Sukhothai was now defunct | |||||||
Suphannaphum dynasty (1438–1468; 1474–1529)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Reign | Succession | Life details | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-) | Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ | Phra Ramesuan (II) พระราเมศวร (ที่๒) | 1438 – 1468 (30 years) | Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II Son of Borommarachathirat II | 1431 – 1488 (aged approx. 57) Installed by Borommarachathirat II as viceroy of Sukhothai, tying Sukhothai in a personal union after becoming king of Ayutthaya. | vacant | |
| 1474 – 1485 (11 years) | second reign due to the removal of Yutthisathian | ||||||
| (-) | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๒ | Phra Chetthathirat พระเชษฐาธิราช | 1485 – 1529 (44 years) | Great-Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II Son of Borommatrailokkanat | 1472 – 1529 (aged approx. 57) Installed by Borommarachathirat II as viceroy of Sukhothai | vacant | |
| 1529: De jure annexation with Ayutthaya Kingdom, as the position of Viceroy (Uparat) of Sukhothai was now defunct | |||||||
Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)
The Ayutthaya Kingdom was a result of a unification between two states: the Kingdom of Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) and the Kingdom of Lavo. Though the Kingdom of Lavo was originally a Mon kingdom, the migration of the Tai peoples into the Chao Phraya basin replaced the original Mons, consequently becoming the governors of these regions. This resulted in the capital moving from Lavapura (Lopburi) and Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) to Ayodhya (Old Ayutthaya), a new capital. Later on, the Kingdom of Nakhon si Thammarat came under the influence of Ayutthaya after seceding from Sukhothai, and Sukhothai losing influence and coming under Ayutthayan influence.
This conflict would last long into the history of Ayutthaya Kingdom, where families from the four major regional kingdoms vie over the throne of the kingdom. These kingdoms are: Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kingdom of Sukhothai, Kingdom of Lavo, and Kingdom of Suphannaphum. The Kingdom of Sukhothai was integrated into the Kingdom of Ayutthaya along with its noble families.
Pre-Ayutthaya era (pre–1351)
| Ayodhya Governor Seat | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Phra Narai พระนารายณ์ | 1082 | 1087 |
|
| Phra Chao Luang พระเจ้าหลวง | 1089 | 1111 | |
| Sai Nam Peung สายน้ำผึ้ง | 1165 | 1205 | |
| Phra Chao Thammikaraja พระเจ้าธรรมิกราชา | 1205 | 1253 |
|
| Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง | 1253 | 1289 | |
| Phra Chao Chaisen พระเจ้าชัยเสน | 1289 | 1301 | |
| Phra Chao Suwanracha พระเจ้าสุวรรณราชา | 1301 | 1310 | |
| Phra Chao Thammaracha พระเจ้าธรรมราชา | 1310 | 1344 | |
| Phra Boromracha พระบรมราชา | 1344 | 1351 | |
| Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง | 1344 | 1351 |
|
| Governorship of Lavo merged with the Ayutthaya governorship when Uthong inherited Lavo Lavo merged into the Ayutthayan crown in 1388 | |||
1st Uthong dynasty (1351–1370)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi I of Lavo and Ayutthaya สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๑ and Phra Chao Uthong V of Suphannaphum | Worachetha Kuman วรเชษฐกุมาร | 3 April 1314 | 4 March 1351 | 1369 (18 years) (63 years old) | First King of Ayutthaya First King of Unified Lavo-Suphannaphum-Phripphri (Siam Confederation) Descendant of Lavo Kingdom's Royals Son-in-law of Uthong III of Suphannaphum Son of Boromracha of Lavo | ||
| 2 | Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร | 1339 | 1369 | 1370 (less than one year) (abdicated) | 1395 (56 years old) | Son of Ramathibodi I | ||
1st Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)
As previously mentioned, the kingdom of Ayutthaya was the result of the unification between two federations: Lavo and Suphannaphum. The ruling dynasty of Lavo gave rise to the Uthong Dynasty, in which the Suphannaphum dynasty came from the Suphannaphum federation. This federation held significant influence within the kingdom leading them to take control of the throne in 1310.
| Suphannaphum Governor Seat | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Uthong I | 1163 | 1205 |
|
| Uthong II | 1205 | Unknown |
|
| Vacant | Unknown | Mid-13th-C. | |
| Saenpom | Unknown (Mid to late 13th century) |
| |
| Uthong III | Unknown | 1335 |
|
| Uthong IV | 1335 | 1351 |
|
| Pha Ngua | 1351 | 1370 |
|
| Sri Thephahurat | 1370 | 1374 |
|
| Nakhon In | 1374 | 1408 |
|
| Ai Phaya | 1408 | 1424 |
|
| Suphannaphum merged into the Ayutthayan crown | |||
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat I สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๑ | Khun Luang Pha Ngua ขุนหลวงพะงั่ว | 1310 | 1370 | 1388 (18 years) (78 years old) | Descendant of Suphannaphum Kingdom's Royals Son of Boromracha of Suphannaphum Son-in-law of Boromracha of Lavo
| ||
| 4 | Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan สมเด็จพระเจ้าทองลัน | 1374 | 1388 (7 days) (14 years old) | Son of Borommarachathirat I | ||||
2nd Uthong dynasty (1388–1409)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2) | Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร | 1339 | 1388 | 1395 (7 years) (56 years old) | Son of Ramathibodi I Overthrew Thong Lan | |||
| 5 | Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat สมเด็จพระรามราชาธิราช | Somdet Phraya Ram Chao สมเด็จพญารามเจ้า | 1356 | 1395 | 1409 (14 years) (usurped) | ? | Son of Ramesuan | |
2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Somdet Phra Nakhon Intharachathirat สมเด็จพระนครอินทราชาธิราช | Chao Nakhon In เจ้านครอินทร์ | 1359 | 1409 | 1424 (15 years) (65 years old) | Son of Borommarachathirat I Grandson of Loe Thai Overthrew Ramrachathirat | |||
| 7 | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat II สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒ | Chao Sam Phraya เจ้าสามพระยา | 1386 | 1424 | 1448 (24 years) (62 years old) | Viceroy of Sukhothai Son of Nakhon Intharachathirat Grandson of Maha Thammaracha I Succession War, won by not participating | Ramesuan (son) | ||
| 8 | Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ | Phra Ramesuan (II) พระราเมศวร (ที่๒) | 1431 | 1448 | 1488 (40 years) (57 years old) | Viceroy of Sukhothai Son of Borommarachathirat II Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II | Chettha (son) | ||
| 9 | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ | Phra Borommaracha พระบรมราชา | 1462 | 1488 | 1491 (3 years) (29 years old) | Son of Borommatrailokkanat Great-Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II | Chettha (brother) | ||
| 10 | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๒ | Phra Chetthathirat พระเชษฐาธิราช | 1473 | 1491 | 10 October 1529 (38 years) (56 years old) | Viceroy of Sukhothai Son of Borommatrailokkanat Great-Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II | Athittayawong (son) | ||
| 11 | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๔ | Phra Athittayawong พระอาทิตยวงศ์ | 1488 | 10 October 1529 | 1533 (4 years) (45 years old) | Son of Ramathibodi II | Chairacha (brother) | ||
| 12 | Somdet Phra Ratsadathirat สมเด็จพระรัษฎาธิราช | 1529 | 1533 (5 months) (4 years old) | Son of Borommarachathirat IV (under a regency) | Vacant | ||||
| 13 | Somdet Phra Chairachathirat สมเด็จพระไชยราชาธิราช | 1499 | 1533 | 1546 (13 years) (47 years old) | Younger Brother of Borommarachathirat IV Overthrew Ratsadathirat | ||||
| 14 | Somdet Phra Yotfa สมเด็จพระยอดฟ้า | 1535 | 1546 | 1548 (2 years) (usurped) | 10 June 1548 (13 years old) | Son of Chairachathirat | |||
| — | Khun Worawongsathirat ขุนวรวงศาธิราช | Bunsi บุญศรี | 1503 | before 10 June 1548 | 11 November 1548 – 5 January 1549 (154 days) (45 years old) | Count of Ayutthaya Step-father of Yotfa Overthrew Yotfa | Chan (brother) | ||
| 15 | Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat สมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ | Phra Chao Chang Pheuak พระเจ้าช้างเผือก or Phra Thianracha พระเทียรราชา | 1509 | 1548 | 1564 (18 years) | Younger Brother of Borommarachathirat IV and Chairachathirat Overthrew Worawongsathirat Abdicated and Entered Monkhood (1564-1568) | Ramesuan (son) | ||
| 1568 | 1569 (1 year) (60 years old) | De facto second reign as co-king, installed by Mahinthrathirat | Mahin (son) | ||||||
| 16 | Somdet Phra Mahinthrathirat สมเด็จพระมหินทราธิราช | 1539 | 1568 | 2 August 1569 (1 year) (deposed) | c. late 1569 (30 years old) | Son of Maha Chakkraphat and Suriyothai | Vacant | ||
| First Fall of Ayutthaya | |||||||||
Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vassal of the First Toungoo Empire (1569–1584) | |||||||||
| 17 | Somdet Phra Sanphet I สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑ (Name given by Bayinnaung - Toungoo Emperor ) or Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat I | Khun Phirenthorathep ขุนพิเรนเทพ or Somdet Phra Maha Thammaracha V (Name given by King Maha Chakkraphat) | 1517 | 1569 | c. 30 June 1590 (21 years) (73 years old) | Marquess of Phitsanulok Descendant of the Phra Ruang Dynasty of Sukhothai Son-in-law of Maha Chakkraphat Installed by Bayinnaung of Toungoo Empire | Naresuan (son) | ||
| Independence from the First Toungoo Empire, 1584 | |||||||||
| 18 | Somdet Phra Sanphet II สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๒ | Somdet Phra Naresuan the Great สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช | 1555/56 | 1 July 1590 | 25 April 1605 (15 years) (49 years old) | Son of Sanphet I | Ekathotsarot (brother) | ||
| 19 | Somdet Phra Sanphet III สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓ | Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot สมเด็จพระเอกาทศรถ | 1557 | 25 April 1605 | 1610 (5 years) (53 years old) | Son of Sanphet I | Suthat (son) | ||
| 20 | Somdet Phra Sanphet IV สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๔ | Somdet Phra Si Saowaphak สมเด็จพระศรีเสาวภาคย์ | 1585 | 1610 | 1611 (1 year, 2 months) (26 years old) | Son of Sanphet III | Vacant | ||
| 21 | Somdet Phra Borommaracha I สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๑ | Somdet Phra Songtham สมเด็จพระเจ้าทรงธรรม | 1590 | 1611 | 12 December 1628 (17 years) (38 years old) | Son of Sanphet III Next in line after the murder of Sanphet IV | Si Sorarak (son) | ||
| 22 | Somdet Phra Borommaracha II สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๒ | Somdet Phra Chetthathirat (II) สมเด็จพระเชษฐาธิราช | c. 1613 | 12 December 1628 | 1628–1629 (1 year) (16 years old) | Son of Borommaracha I | Vacant | ||
| 23 | Somdet Phra Athittayawong สมเด็จพระอาทิตยวงศ์ | 1620 | 1629 (36 days) (usurped) | 1637 (17 years old) | Son of Borommaracha I Overthrew Borommaracha II, with Sanphet V's help | ||||
Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 | Somdet Phra Chao Sanphet V สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๕ | Somdet Phra Chao Prasat Thong สมเด็จพระเจ้าปราสาททอง | 1599 | 1629 | August 1655 (26 years) (56 years old) | Defence Minister and Marquess of Ayutthaya Son-in-law of Borommaracha I unclear origins: maternal cousin of Borommaracha I or illegitimate son of Sanphet III Overthrew Athittayawong | Vacant | ||
| 25 | Somdet Phra Sanphet VI สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๖ | Somdet Chao Fa Chai สมเด็จเจ้าฟ้าไชย | 1630 | August 1655 | 1656 (1 year) (26 years old) | Son of Sanphet V | |||
| 26 | Somdet Phra Sanphet VII สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๗ | Somdet Phra Si Suthammaracha สมเด็จพระศรีสุธรรมราชาธ | 1600 | August 1656 | 26 October 1656 (~2 months) (56 years old) | Brother of Sanphet V Overthrew Sanphet VI | Narai (nephew) | ||
| 27 | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๓ | Somdet Phra Narai the Great สมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราช | 16 February 1632 | 26 October 1656 | 11 July 1688 (32 years) (56 years old) | Son of Sanphet V Overthrew Sanphet VII | Vacant | ||
Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | Somdet Phra Phetracha สมเด็จพระเพทราชา | Somdet Phra Mahaburut สมเด็จพระมหาบุรุษ | 1632 | 11 July 1688 | 5 February 1703 (14 years) (71 years old) | Elephant Corps Minister and General Son-in-law, Brother-in-law of Ramathibodi III Overthrew Ramathibodi III | Sorasak (stepson) | ||
| 29 | Somdet Phra Sanphet VIII สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๘ | Somdet Phra Suriyenthrathibodi สมเด็จพระเจ้าสุริเยนทราธิบดี or Phra Chao Seua พระเจ้าเสือ | 1661 | 5 February 1703 | 9 February 1709 (6 years) (48 years old) | Adoptive Son of Phetracha Son of Ramathibodi III | Phet (son) | ||
| 30 | Somdet Phra Sanphet IX สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๙ | Phra Chao Thai Sa พระเจ้าท้ายสระ | 1679 | 9 February 1709 | 13 January 1733 (23 years) (54 years old) | Son of Sanphet VIII | Phon (brother) | ||
| 31 | Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat II สมเด็จพระมหา ธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒ | Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Borommakot สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวบรมโกศ | c. 1681 | 13 January 1733 | 26 April 1758 (26 years) (77 years old) | Son of Sanphet VIII Succession War, overthrew the heir apparent - Prince Aphai | Senaphithak (son) | ||
Phonphinit (son) | |||||||||
| 32 | Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat III สมเด็จพระมหา ธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ | Somdet Phra Chao Uthumphon สมเด็จพระเจ้าอุทุมพร | 1733 | 1 May 1758 | 1758 (3 months) | 1796 (~63 years old) | Son of Maha Thammarachathirat II | Vacant | |
| 1760 | De facto second reign as co-king, installed by Ayutthayan Nobles | ||||||||
| refused a third de facto reign, taken to Konbaung as hostage until death | |||||||||
| 33 | Somdet Phra Borommaracha III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๓ | Somdet Phra Thinang Suriyat Amarin สมเด็จพระที่นั่งสุริยาศน์อมรินทร์ or Somdet Phra Chao Ekkathat สมเด็จพระเจ้าเอกทัศ | 1718 | 1758 | 7 April 1767 (9 years) | 17 April 1767 (49 years old) | Son of Maha Thammarachathirat II Overthrew Maha Thammarachathirat III | ||
| Second Fall of Ayutthaya | |||||||||
Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)
Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Succession | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Somdet Phra Sanphet X สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑๐ or Somdet Phra Borommaracha IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๔ | Somdet Phra Chao Taksin the Great สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช | 17 April 1734 | 28 December 1767 | 1 April 1782 (14 years) (deposed) | 7 April 1782 (47 years old) (executed) | Marquess of Tak Son-in-law of Rama I Reunited Ayutthaya, refounding it as Thonburi | Inthraphithak (son) |
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present)
Chakri dynasty (1782–present)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name and Seal | Ceremonial name | Birth (Parents) | Accession (Coronation) | Reign until | Death | Succession | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi IV สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๔ (name originally taken) or Rama I พระรามที่ ๑ (รัชกาลที่ ๑) (retroactively given) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Boromanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรโมรุราชามหาจักรีบรมนารถ พระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช (posthumously by Rama III) or Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Kasatseuk สมเด็จเจ้าพระยามหากษัตริย์ศึก | 20 March 1737 4th child (2nd son) of Thongdi and Daoreung | 6 April 1782 (1st: 10 June 1782, 2nd: 17 June 1785) | 7 September 1809 (27 years, 154 days) (72 years old) | Prime Minister & Duke of Ayutthaya Father-in-law of Sanphet X Descendant of Kosa Pan
Overthrew Borommaracha IV | Maha Sura Singhanat (brother) | ||
Itsarasunthon (son) | |||||||||
| 2 | Rama II พระรามที่ ๒ (รัชกาลที่ ๒) (retroactively given) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromratchapongchet Maha Itsarasunthon Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai พระบาทสมเด็จพระบรมราชพงษเชษฐมเหศวรสุนทร พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย (posthumously by Rama III) | 24 February 1767 4th child (2nd son) of Rama I and Queen Amarindra | 7 September 1809 (17 September 1809) | 21 July 1824 (14 years, 317 days) (57 years old) | Son of Rama I | Maha Senanurak (brother) | ||
| 3 | Rama III พระรามที่ ๓ (รัชกาลที่ ๓) (retroactively given) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramathiworaset Maha Chetsadabodin Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมาธิวรเสรฐมหาเจษฎาบดินทรฯ พระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (posthumously by Rama IV) or Phra Maha Chettha Chao พระมหาเจษฎาราชเจ้า | 31 March 1788 3rd child (2nd son) of Rama II and 1st child of Consort Sri Sulalai | 21 July 1824 (1 August 1824) | 2 April 1851 (26 years, 255 days) (63 years old) | Minister of Trade and Foreign Affairs Son of Rama II Elected by the Council of Nobles | Sakdiphonlasep (uncle) | ||
| 4 | Rama IV พระรามที่ ๔ (รัชกาลที่ ๔) (retroactively given) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chomklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Sayam Thewa Maha Makut Witthaya the Great พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช | 18 October 1804 44th child (22nd son) of Rama II and 2nd child of Queen Sri Suriyendra | 2 April 1851 (15 May 1851) | 1 October 1868 (17 years, 182 days) (63 years old) | Son of Rama II Elected by the Council of Nobles | Pinklao (brother) | ||
| 5 | Rama V พระรามที่ ๕ (รัชกาลที่ ๕) (retroactively given) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chulachomklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ฯ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Piya the Great พระปิยมหาราช (his full name is 979 characters long) | 20 September 1853 9th child (5th son) of Rama IV and 1st child of Queen Debsirindra | 1 October 1868 (1st: 11 November 1868, 2nd: 16 November 1873) | 23 October 1910 (42 years, 22 days) (57 years old) | Son of Rama IV Elected by the Council of Nobles (Regency until 1873) | Wichaichan (cousin) | ||
| Viceroyalty abolished in 1885 after the Front Palace Crisis | |||||||||
| 6 | Rama VI พระรามที่ ๖ (รัชกาลที่ ๖) (new regnal name) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkutklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาวชิราวุธ พระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phrabat Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Sisinthara Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkutklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหาวชิราวุธ พระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (name to be used during his lifetime) or Phra Maha Thirarat Chao พระมหาธีรราชเจ้า | 1 January 1881 28th child (11th son) of Rama V and 2nd child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri | 23 October 1910 (1st: 11 November 1910, 2nd: 28 November 1911) | 26 November 1925 (15 years, 34 days) (44 years old) | Prince of Ayutthaya Sri Dvaravati Son of Rama V Crown Prince | |||
| 7 | Rama VII พระรามที่ ๗ (รัชกาลที่ ๗) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pokklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาประชาธิปก พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว | 8 November 1893 27th child (31st son) of Rama V and 9th child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri | 26 November 1925 (25 February 1926) | 2 March 1935 (9 years, 96 days) (abdicated) | 30 May 1941 (47 years old) | Prince of Sukhothai Son of Rama V 1924 Palace Law of Succession | ||
| 8 | Rama VIII พระรามที่ ๘ (รัชกาลที่ ๘) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Atthamaramathibodin พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล พระอัฐมรามาธิบดินทร | 20 September 1925 2nd child (1st son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra | 2 March 1935 (13 August 1946; posthumous) | 9 June 1946 (11 years, 99 days) (20 years old) | Nephew of Rama VI and Rama VII Grandson of Rama V
1924 Palace Law of Succession & Elected by the cabinet Abdication of Rama VII | |||
| 9 | Rama IX พระรามที่ ๙ (รัชกาลที่ ๙) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Mahitalathibet Ramathibodi Chakri Naribodin Sayamintharathirat Boromanatbophit พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช มหาราช มหิตลาธิเบศรรามาธิบดี จักรีนฤบดินทร สยามินทราธิราช บรมนาถบพิตร or Phra Phatthara the Great พระภัทรมหาราช | 5 December 1927 3rd child (2nd son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra | 9 June 1946 (5 May 1950) | 13 October 2016 (70 years, 126 days) (88 years old) | Brother of Rama VIII Grandson of Rama V 1924 Palace Law of Succession Next in line after early death of Rama VIII | |||
| 10 | Rama X พระรามที่ ๑๐ (รัชกาลที่ ๑๐) | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodi Sisinthara Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Wachiraklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหาวชิราลงกรณ พระวชิรเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว | 28 July 1952 2nd child (only son) of Rama IX and Queen Sirikit | 13 October 2016 (4 May 2019) | Incumbent (9 years, 80 days) (73 years old) | Son of Rama IX Crown Prince | |||
Timeline of monarchs
See also
- Family tree of Thai monarchs
- Monarchy of Thailand
- List of rulers of Lan Na
- List of Thai royal consorts
- Rama (Kings of Thailand)
- Chakri dynasty
- Regent of Thailand
- Thailand
Bibliography
- Prince Chula Chakrabongse, HRH (1967). Lords of Life: A History of the Kings of Thailand. United Kingdom: Alvin Redman Limited.
- Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, Disuankumaan (2001). Our Wars With The Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539-1767. Thailand: White Lotus Co. Ltd. ISBN 974-7534-58-4.
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation (2011). Directory of Thai kings (Thai: นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย) (PDF). Thailand: www.nanmeebooks.com. ISBN 978-616-7308-25-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- Royal Institute of Thailand (2002). "Chronology of the Kings of Ayutthaya". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- Wood, William A. R. (1924). History of Siam. Thailand: Chalermit Press. ISBN 1-931541-10-8.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
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