List of non-international armed conflicts

The following is a list of non-international armed conflicts, fought between territorial and/or intervening state forces and non-state armed groups or between non-state armed groups within the same state or country. The terms "intrastate conflict", "internecine conflict", "internal conflict" and "civil war" are often used interchangeably with "non-international armed conflict", but "internecine war" can be used in a wider meaning, referring to any conflict within a single state, regardless of the participation of civil state or non-state forces. Thus, any war of succession is by definition an internecine war, but not necessarily a non-international armed conflict.

Terminology

The Latin term bellum civile, meaning in English, civil war, was used to describe wars within a single community beginning around 60 A.D. The term is an alternative title for the work sometimes called Pharsalia by Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus) about the Roman civil wars that began in the last third of the second century BC. The term civilis here had the very specific meaning of 'Roman citizen'. Since the 17th century, the term has also been applied retroactively to other historical conflicts where at least one side claims to represent the country's civil society (rather than a feudal dynasty or an imperial power).

Since 1949, the term "non-international armed conflict" has been widely used to refer to armed conflict between territorial and/or intervening state forces and non-state armed groups or between non-state armed groups within the same state or country, instead of civil war. The head of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)'s Arms Unit, Kathleen Lawand, stated "The ICRC generally avoids using the term 'civil war' when communicating with the parties to an armed conflict or publicly, and speaks instead of 'non-international' or 'internal' armed conflicts, as these expressions mirror the terms used in common Article 3 [of the 1949 Geneva Conventions]."

Ongoing non-international armed conflicts

The following non-international armed conflicts are ongoing as of April 2023. Only ongoing conflicts which meet the definition of a non-international armed conflict are listed. See List of ongoing armed conflicts and lists of active separatist movements for lists with a wider scope.

Jamaica, Jamaican political conflict, since 1943
Myanmar, Myanmar conflict, since 1948 (including the Myanmar civil war (2021–present) since 2021)

India, Insurgency in Northeast India, since 1954
- Naxalite–Maoist insurgency, since 1967
- Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, since 1989
Indonesia, Papua conflict, since 1962
DR Congo, Katanga insurgency, since 1963
- Allied Democratic Forces insurgency, since 1996
- Ituri conflict, since 1999
- Kivu conflict, since 2004
Colombia, Colombian conflict, since 1964
Philippines, New People's Army rebellion, since 1969
Morocco, Western Sahara conflict, since 1970
Turkey, Maoist insurgency in Turkey, since 1972
Angola, Cabinda War, since 1975
Laos, Insurgency in Laos, since 1975
Somalia, Somali Civil War, since 1991

Afghanistan, Afghan conflict, since 1978
- Islamic State–Taliban conflict, since 2015
- Republican insurgency in Afghanistan, since 2021
Peru, Internal conflict in Peru, since 1980
Senegal, Casamance conflict, 1982–2014 (main conflict), since 2015 (low-level conflict)
Nigeria, Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria, since 1998
- Boko Haram insurgency, since 2009
- Nigerian bandit conflict, since 2011
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present), since 2002
Iraq, Iraqi conflict, since 2003
- Iraqi insurgency (2017–present), since 2017
Thailand, South Thailand insurgency, since 2004
Pakistan, Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, since 2004

Paraguay, Insurgency in Paraguay, since 2005

Mexico, Mexican drug war, since 2006
Sudan, Sudanese nomadic conflicts, since 2008; Sudanese civil war (2023–present), since 2023

Sahel, War in the Sahel, since 2011
- Mali, Mali War, since 2012

- Burkina Faso, Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso, since 2015

- Niger, Islamist insurgency in Niger, since 2016

Central African Republic, Central African Republic Civil War, since 2012

Yemen, Yemeni civil war (2014–present), since 2014

Cameroon, Anglophone Crisis, since 2017
Mozambique, Insurgency in Cabo Delgado, since 2017

Russia, Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus, since 2017
Ethiopia, Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present), since 2018

- OLA insurgency, since 2018
- War in Amhara, since 2023
Haiti, Haitian conflict, since 2020
Bangladesh, Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict, since 2022
Ecuador, Ecuadorian conflict (2024–present), since 2024

Past non-international armed conflicts

Ancient and early medieval (before 1000)

This is a list of intrastate armed conflicts. Note that some conflicts lack both an article or citation. Without citation, they have not been guaranteed to have happened.

The First Intermediate Period of Egypt, Second Intermediate Period of Egypt and Third Intermediate Period of Egypt were periods of political disunity in Ancient Egypt's history, characterized by frequent warfare between dynasties competing for dominance
The Persian Revolt was a campaign led by Cyrus the Great against Median rule of Persia (552–550 BC)
Civil war between Artaxerxes II and Cyrus III (c. 401 BC)
Roman civil wars (a list of numerous civil wars in the late Roman Republic and in the Roman Empire, between 100 BC and AD 400)
Hasmonean civil war (67–63 BC)
Sasanian civil war of 589–591
Sasanian civil war of 628–632
First Fitna, 656–661, the first Islamic "civil war" between Ali and the Umayyads
Second Fitna, c. 680/683 – c. 685/692, the second Islamic "civil war" between the Umayyads and Ibn al-Zubayr
Twenty Years' Anarchy, 695–717, prolonged period of internal instability in the Byzantine Empire
Civil War between Artabasdos and Constantine V, 741–743
Third Fitna, 744–752, including the Umayyad civil wars of 744–748 and the Abbasid Revolution
An Lushan Rebellion, December 16, 755 – February 17, 763^{[dubious – discuss]}
Fourth Fitna, 809–827, including the Abbasid civil wars and other regional conflicts
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords, 944–968

Medieval (1000–1600)

Fitna of al-Andalus, 1009–1031
Civil war era in Norway, 1130–1240
Danish Civil Wars, 1131–1157
The Anarchy, 1135–1153
Civil war in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem between King Baldwin III and dowager Queen Melisende (1152–1153)
Pandyan Civil War, 1169–1177
Revolt of 1173–1174
First Barons' War, 1215–1217
Age of the Sturlungs, 1220 – 1262/64
Second Barons' War, 1264–1267
Hungarian Civil War, 1264–1265
Civil War of Livonia between Livonian Order and the city of Riga and the Archbishopric of Riga, 1297–1330.
Despenser War, 1321–1322
Invasion of England, 1326. Continuation of the Despenser War.
Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357
Castilian Civil War, 1366–1369
Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379
Jingnan campaign, 1399-1402
Welsh Revolt, 1400–1415
Ottoman Interregnum, 1402–1413
Regreg War, 1404 - 1406
Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War, 1407–1435
Kashmir Civil War, 1419–1420
Hussite Wars, 1419–1434
Great Feudal War in Russia, 1425–1453
Wars of the Roses, 1455–1485
Catalan Civil War (1462–1472)
Ōnin War, 1467–1477
Sengoku period, 1467–1615^{[dubious – discuss]}
War of the Castilian Succession, 1475–1479
Popular revolts in late-medieval Europe
German Peasants' War, 1524–1525
Civil War in Kazakh Khanate, 1522–1538
Inca Civil War, 1529–1532
Civil War Era in Vietnam, 1533–1789
- Lê–Mạc Dynasties War, 1533–1677
Count's Feud, 1534–1536
French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598
Marian civil war, 1568–1573
War against Sigismund, 1598–1599

Early modern (1600–1800)

- Trịnh–Nguyễn Lords War, 1627–1772; 1774–1775
- Tây Sơn wars, 1771–1802
Zebrzydowski rebellion, 1606–1609
Shimabara Rebellion, 1637–1638
Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1639–1651 involved a number of civil wars:
- Irish Confederate Wars, some parts of which were a civil war.
- Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, to some extent a civil war, 1644–1652
- English Civil War, 1642–1651
  - First English Civil War, 1642–1646
  - Second English Civil War, 1648–1649
  - Third English Civil War, 1650–1651
Acadian Civil War, 1640–1645
The Fronde, 1648–1653
The Ruin, 1659–1686
Brunei Civil War, 1660s—1673
Lubomirski's rebellion, 1665–1666
Kongo Civil War, 1665–1709
Monmouth Rebellion, May–July 1685
Glorious Revolution, 1688–1689
War of the Spanish Succession, 1701–1714
Javanese Wars of Succession, 1703 - 1755
Choctaw Civil War, 1747–1750
Pugachev's Rebellion, 1773–1775
American Revolutionary War 1775–83 - The American Revolution started as a civil war within the British Empire. It became a larger international war in 1778 once France joined.
Yoruba Wars, 1789 - 1839
Chouannerie, 1792–1800; between Royalist and Republican forces, part of the French Revolutionary Wars
War in the Vendée, 1793–1804; between Royalist and Republican forces, part of the French Revolutionary Wars

Modern (1800–1945)

Padri War, 1803–1837
Musket Wars, 1806–1845
Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition, 1812–1813
Argentine Civil Wars, 1814–1880
Ndwandwe–Zulu War, 1817–1819
Long Expedition, 1819, 1821
Greek Civil Wars, 1823–1825
Ochomogo War, 1823
Fredonian Rebellion, 1826–1827
Liberal Wars, in Portugal, 1828–1834
Chilean Civil War, 1829–1830
Revolutions of 1830; numerous European countries, 1830
Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)
Carlist Wars, 1833–1839, 1846–1849, and 1872–1876
Texas Revolution 1835–1836
Ragamuffin War, 1835–1845
League War, 1835
Chimayó Rebellion, 1837
Córdova Rebellion, 1838
Uruguayan Civil War, 1839–1851
War of the Supremes, 1839–1842
Rio Grande Rebellion, 1840
Yucatán Rebellion, 1841–1848
The New Zealand Wars, 1845 - 1872
Bear Flag Revolt, 1846
Patuleia War, Portugal, 1846–1847
Sonderbund War, November 1847
Revolutions of 1848; numerous European countries, 1848–1849
Revolution of 1851
Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864
Bleeding Kansas, 1854–1858
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Utah War, 1857–1858
Bendahara War, 1857–1863
War of Reform, 1857–1861
Banjarmasin War, 1859–1863
Federal War, 1859–1863
Larut Wars, 1861–1874
American Civil War, 1861–1865
Afghan Civil War, 1863–1869
Austro-Prussian War, 1866
Klang War; also known as Selangor Civil War, 1867–1874
Boshin War, 1868–1869
Satsuma Rebellion, 1877
Jementah Civil War, 1878
Afghan Civil War, 1880–1881
The North-West Rebellion, 1885
Revolution of the Park, 1890
Chilean Civil War, 1891
Argentine Revolution of 1893, 1893
War of Canudos, 1896–1897
Federal Revolution, 1898
Boxer Rebellion, 1899-1901
Philippine–American War, 1899–1902
Moro Rebellion, 1899–1913
Thousand Days' War, 1899–1902
Liberating Revolution (Venezuela), 1901–1903
Argentine Revolution of 1905, 1905
Russian Revolution of 1905, 1905–1907
Persian Constitutional Revolution, 1905–1911, Civil War considered to begin after 1908
Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920
Paraguayan Civil War, 1911–1912
War of 1912, 1912
Warlord Era; period of civil wars between regional, provincial, and private armies in China, 1912–1928
First Caco War, 1915
Second Caco War, 1918–1920
Russian Civil War, 1917–1923
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, 1918–2003
Finnish Civil War, 1918
Ukrainian–Soviet War, 1917–1921
German Revolution, 1918–1919
Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence, includes conflict between the Imperial Ottoman Government and the Turkish National Movement, 1919–1922
First Honduran Civil War, 1919
Irish Civil War, 1922–1923
Paraguayan Civil War, 1922–1923
Second Honduran Civil War, 1924
Nicaraguan Civil War, 1926–1927
Cristero War, 1926–1929
Chinese Civil War, 1927–1937, 1945–1949 (de facto)
Afghan Civil War, 1928–1929
Constitutionalist Revolution, 1932
Austrian Civil War, February 1934
Arab revolt in Palestine, 1936–1939
Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939
Ukrainian Insurgent Army insurgency, 1943–1956
Italian Civil War during WWII 1943–1945
Guerrilla war in the Baltic states, 1944–1956

Since 1945

Greek Civil War, 1946–1949 in Greece
Paraguayan Civil War, 1947 in Paraguay
Malagasy Uprising, 1947–1949 in Madagascar
Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, to 1947–1948 in Palestine
Costa Rican civil war, 1948 in Costa Rica
Yeosu–Suncheon rebellion, 1948 in South Korea
Jeju uprising, 1948 in South Korea
Madiun affair, 1948 in Indonesia
La Violencia, 1948–1958 in Colombia
Communist insurgency in Burma, 1948–1989 in Myanmar
Internal conflict in Myanmar, ongoing since 1948 in Myanmar
Korean War, 1950–1953 in South Korea and North Korea
Cuban Revolution, 1953–1959 in Cuba
Laotian Civil War, 1953–1975 in Laos
Algerian War, 1954–1962 in Algeria
First Sudanese Civil War, 1955–1972 in Sudan
Revolución Libertadora, 1955 in Argentina
Vietnam War, 1955-1975 in Indochina between South Vietnam and North Vietnam
Permesta Rebellion, 1958-1961 in Indonesia
Laotian Civil War, 1959–1975 in Laos

Anti-Strossener Resistance, 1959–1976 in Paraguay
Basque conflict, 1959–2011 in Spain & France
Congo Crisis, 1960–1966 in Congo-Léopoldville
Guatemalan Civil War, 1960–1996 in Guatemala

Portuguese Colonial War, 1961–1974 in Portugal/Portuguese colonies
Nicaraguan Revolution, 1961–1990 in Nicaragua
North Yemen Civil War, 1962–1970 in North Yemen
Communist insurgency in Sarawak, 1962–1990 in Malaysia
Dominican Civil War, 1965 in Dominican Republic
Rhodesian Bush War, 1965–1980 in Rhodesia
First Chadian Civil War, 1965-1979 in Chad
Communist insurgency in Thailand, 1965–1983 in Thailand
Ñancahúazu Guerrilla, 1966–1967 in Bolivia
Cambodian Civil War, 1967–1975 in Cambodia
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970 in Nigeria
Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989), 1968–1989 in Malaysia
Moro conflict, 1968-2019 in Philippines
Political violence in Turkey, 1968–1980 in Turkey
Years of Lead, 1968–1988 in Italy
The Troubles, 1968–1998 in United Kingdom
Dirty War, 1969-1979 in Argentina
Black September, 1970 to 1971 in Jordan
Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971 in Bangladesh
Uruguayan intrastate war 1972–1973, in Uruguay
1972-1975 Bangladesh insurgency, 1972-1975 in Bangladesh
Armed resistance in Chile (1973–1990), 1973-1990 in Chile
Ethiopian Civil War, 1974–1991 in Ethiopia
East Timorese civil war, 1975 in Timor-Leste
Lebanese Civil War, 1975–1990 in Lebanon
Mozambican Civil War, 1975–1992 in Mozambique
Angolan Civil War, 1975–2002 in Angola
Insurgency in Aceh, 1976–2005 in Indonesia
Saur Revolution, April 27–28, 1978, which marked the beginning of the Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
Salvadoran Civil War, 1979–1992 in El Salvador
Discontent fomented amongst the people of Afghanistan after the 1978 Saur Revolution, and the first anti-government revolts began in October 1978 until December 24, 1979, part of / also called Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
Ugandan Bush War, 1980-1986 in Uganda
Second Sudanese Civil War, 1983–2005 in Sudan
Sri Lankan Civil War, 1983–2009 in Sri Lanka
South Yemen Civil War, 1986 in South Yemen
1987-1989 JVP insurrection in Sri Lanka
Afghan Civil War (1989–1992), February 15, 1989 – April 30, 1992. The continuing part of the civil war that started in the 1978 Saur Revolution after the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan, leaving the Afghan communist government to fend for itself against the Mujahideen months later part of / also called Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
First Liberian Civil War, 1989–1996 in Liberia
Rwandan Civil War, 1990–1994 in Rwanda
Georgian Civil War, 1991–1993 in Georgia
Iraqi uprisings, 1991 in Iraq
Sierra Leone Civil War, 1991–2002 in Sierra Leone
Djiboutian Civil War, 1991-1994 in Djibouti
Algerian Civil War, 1991–2002 in Algeria
Tajikistani Civil War, 1992–1997 in Tajikistan
Afghan Civil War (1992–1996), April 30, 1992 – September 27, 1996. When the Afghan communist government falls to the Mujahideen there was a rise in different kinds of ideology, power-sharing, Belligerents and violent fighting continue to escalate part of / also called Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
Burundian Civil War, 1993–2005 in Burundi
First Republic of the Congo Civil War, 1993–1994 in Congo
First Yemeni Civil War, 1994 in Yemen
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War, 1994–1997 in Iraq
First Chechen War, 1994–1996 in Russia
Chiapas conflict, 1994 to 2020 in Mexico
Nepalese Civil War, 1996–2006 in Nepal
Afghan Civil War (1996–2001), September 27, 1996 – October 7, 2001. In 1996 the Taliban captured the Afghan capital Kabul and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan part of / also called Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
First Congo War, 1996–1997 in DR Congo
Clashes in Cambodia, 1997 in Cambodia
Albanian civil unrest, 1997 in Albania
Second Republic of the Congo Civil War, 1997–1999 in Congo
Guinea-Bissau Civil War, 1998–1999 in Guinea-Bissau
Second Congo War, 1998–2003 in DR Congo
Kosovo war, 1998–1999 in Yugoslavia
Second Liberian Civil War, 1999–2003 in Liberia
Insurgency in Macedonia, 2001 in Macedonia
War in Afghanistan, June 19, 2002 – August 20, 2021. War between the U.S.-led NATO and Afghanistan ended when Hamid Karzai was elected by an Afghan loya jirga to the presidency of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan on June 19, 2002. Since June 19, 2002, the conflict became non-international after U.S.-led NATO and Afghan forces fought the Taliban insurgency part of / also called Afghanistan conflict (1978–present) in Afghanistan
First Ivorian Civil War, 2002–2007 in Ivory Coast
War in Darfur, 2003–2020 in Sudan
Iraq War, June 28, 2004–December 15, 2011 in Iraq. War between the U.S.-led Coalition and Iraq ended on June 28, 2004 when the Coalition Provisional Authority handed over Iraqi sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government. Since June 28, 2004, the conflict turned non-international with U.S.-led Multi-National Force in Iraq and Iraqi forces fighting against the Iraqi insurgency.
First Central African Republic Civil War, 2004-2007 in Central African Republic
Second Chadian Civil War, 2005-2010 in Chad
Fatah–Hamas conflict, 2006-present (main phase until 2007) in Palestine
First Iraqi Civil War, 2006–2008 in Iraq
First Libyan Civil War, 2011 in Libya
Syrian civil war, 2011-2024 in Syria

Second Ivorian Civil War, 2011 in Ivory Coast
South Sudanese Civil War, 2013-2020 in South Sudan

2013 Lahad Datu standoff, 2013 Malaysia
Second Iraqi Civil War, 2013-2017, also known as War in Iraq
War in Donbas, 2014-2022 in Ukraine
Second Libyan Civil War, 2014–2020 in Libya

Tigray War, 2020–2022 in Ethiopia