List of nonreligious Nobel laureates

This list of nonreligious Nobel laureates comprises laureates of the Nobel Prize who have self-identified as atheist, agnostic, freethinker, or otherwise nonreligious at some point in their lives.

Many of these laureates earlier identified with a religion. In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 10.5% of all laureates, and 35% of those in literature, fall in this category. According to the same estimate, between 1901 and 2000, atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers won 8.9% of the prizes in medicine, 7.1% in chemistry, 5.2% in economics, 4.7% in physics, and 3.6% in peace. Alfred Nobel himself was an atheist later in life.

Shalev's book lists many Jewish atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers as religiously Jewish. For example, Milton Friedman, Roald Hoffmann, Richard Feynman, Niels Bohr, Élie Metchnikoff, and Rita Levi-Montalcini are listed as religiously Jewish; however, while they were ethnically and perhaps culturally Jewish, they did not believe in a God and self-identified as atheists.

Physics

Year Laureate Reference
2000 Zhores Alferov
2024 Geoffrey Everest Hinton
1977 Philip Warren Anderson
1956, 1972 John Bardeen
1967 Hans Bethe
1948 Patrick Blackett
1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen
1922 Niels Bohr
1946 Percy Williams Bridgman
1929 Louis de Broglie
1935 James Chadwick
1903 Marie Curie
1903 Pierre Curie
1933 Paul Dirac
1921 Albert Einstein
1938 Enrico Fermi
1965 Richard Feynman
1980 Val Logsdon Fitch [citation needed]
1925 James Franck
1969 Murray Gell-Mann
2002 Riccardo Giacconi
1973 Ivar Giaver
2003 Vitaly Ginzburg
1979 Sheldon Glashow
2005 Roy J. Glauber
2004 David J. Gross
1945 Wolfgang Pauli
2012 Serge Haroche
2013 Peter Higgs
2002 Masatoshi Koshiba
2016 J. Michael Kosterlitz
2000 Herbert Kroemer
1962 Lev Landau
1988 Leon M. Lederman
2019 Michel Mayor
1907 Albert A. Michelson
2010 Konstantin Novoselov
2019 Jim Peebles
1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin
2019 Didier Queloz
1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi
2011 Brian Schmidt
1933 Erwin Schrödinger
1956 William Shockley
1988 Jack Steinberger
1958 Igor Tamm
2017 Kip Thorne
1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1999 Martinus J. G. Veltman
1979 Steven Weinberg
1963 Eugene Wigner
2020 Roger Penrose

Chemistry

Year Laureate Reference
1903 Svante Arrhenius
1997 Paul D. Boyer
1975 John Cornforth
1911 Marie Curie
1935 Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1935 Irène Joliot-Curie
1985 Herbert A. Hauptman
1981 Roald Hoffmann
1996 Harold W. Kroto
1987 Jean-Marie Lehn
1978 Peter D. Mitchell
1994 George Andrew Olah
1909 Wilhelm Ostwald
1954 Linus Pauling
1962 Max Perutz
1958 Frederick Sanger
2011 Dan Shechtman
2018 George Smith
1993 Michael Smith
1934 Harold Urey

Physiology or Medicine

Year Laureate Reference
1970 Julius Axelrod
1914 Robert Bárány
1958 George Beadle
1989 J. Michael Bishop [citation needed]
2002 Sydney Brenner
1962 Francis Crick
1974 Christian de Duve
1945 Howard Florey
1906 Camillo Golgi
1929 Frederick Gowland Hopkins [citation needed]
1963 Andrew Huxley
1965 François Jacob
2003 Paul Lauterbur
1907 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
1986 Rita Levi-Montalcini
1960 Sir Peter Medawar
1908 Élie Metchnikoff
1965 Jacques Monod
1946 Hermann Joseph Muller
2001 Paul Nurse
1904 Ivan Pavlov
1993 Richard J. Roberts
2017 Michael Rosbash
2002 John Sulston
1937 Albert Szent-Györgyi
1973 Nikolaas Tinbergen
1967 George Wald
1962 James Watson

Economics

Year Laureate Reference
1976 Milton Friedman
1994 John Harsanyi
1974 Friedrich Hayek
1994 John Forbes Nash, Jr.
1994 Reinhard Selten
1998 Amartya Sen
1978 Herbert A. Simon

Peace

Year Laureate Reference
1933 Norman Angell
1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson : 151 
1990 Mikhail Gorbachev
1962 Linus Pauling
1995 Joseph Rotblat
1975 Andrei Sakharov
1986 Elie Wiesel
1973 Lê Đức Thọ

Literature

Year Laureate Reference
1969 Samuel Beckett
1903 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
1957 Albert Camus
1997 Dario Fo
1932 John Galsworthy
1991 Nadine Gordimer
1971 Pablo Neruda
1936 Eugene O'Neill : 125 
2005 Harold Pinter
1950 Bertrand Russell
1998 José Saramago
1964 Jean-Paul Sartre
1925 George Bernard Shaw : 125 
1986 Wole Soyinka
1962 John Steinbeck
1996 Wisława Szymborska
2018 Olga Tokarczuk
2000 Gao Xingjian

See also

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