As of June 2013, there are 192 parties to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to combat global warming. This total includes 191 states (189 United Nations member states as well as the Cook Islands and Niue) and one supranational union (the European Union). Canada renounced the protocol effective 15 December 2012 and ceased to be a member from that date.
With the Protocol's 2008-2012 commitment period expiring, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was agreed to, which establishes new commitments for the period 2013–2020. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted this amendment.
Parties
Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that a state is legally bound by the provisions of the treaty. For Annex I parties (e.g. a developed state or one with an 'economy in transition') this means that it has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol.
Iceland was the 55th state to ratify, fulfilling the first condition for coming-into-force. With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty was brought into force, effective 16 February 2005. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted the Doha amendment. It will enter into force as of 31 December 2020.
| Party | Annex | % for ratification | emissions limit (2012) | emissions limit (2020) | Signed | Ratification / Acceptance | Amendment acceptance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 25 March 2013 | |||||||
| Albania | 1 April 2005 | 22 October 2020 | ||||||
| Algeria | 16 February 2005 | 28 September 2015 | ||||||
| Angola | 8 May 2007 | 22 September 2020 | ||||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | 16 March 1998 | 3 November 1998 | 23 September 2016 | |||||
| Argentina | 16 March 1998 | 28 September 2001 | 1 December 2015 | |||||
| Armenia | 25 April 2003 | 31 March 2017 | ||||||
| Australia | I, II | 2.1% | +8% | −0.5% | 29 April 1998 | 3 December 2007 | 9 November 2016 | |
| Austria | I, II | 0.4% | −8% (−13%) | −20% (−16%) | 24 September 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Azerbaijan | 28 September 2000 | 1 July 2015 | ||||||
| Bahamas | 9 April 1999 | 4 November 2015 | ||||||
| Bahrain | 31 January 2006 | |||||||
| Bangladesh | 22 October 2001 | 13 November 2013 | ||||||
| Barbados | 7 August 2000 | 14 August 2013 | ||||||
| Belarus | I | - | none | −12% | 26 August 2005 | |||
| Belgium | I, II | 0.8% | −8% (−7.5%) | −20% (−15%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 14 November 2017 | |
| Belize | 26 September 2003 | 24 July 2018 | ||||||
| Benin | 25 February 2002 | 29 August 2018 | ||||||
| Bhutan | 26 August 2002 | 29 September 2015 | ||||||
| Bolivia | 9 July 1998 | 30 November 1999 | 17 September 2020 | |||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 16 April 2007 | |||||||
| Botswana | 8 August 2003 | 7 March 2016 | ||||||
| Brazil | 29 April 1998 | 23 August 2002 | 13 February 2018 | |||||
| Brunei | 20 August 2009 | 14 November 2014 | ||||||
| Bulgaria | I | 0.6% | −8% | −20% (+20%) | 18 September 1998 | 15 August 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Burkina Faso | 31 March 2005 | 29 November 2016 | ||||||
| Burundi | 18 October 2001 | |||||||
| Cambodia | 22 August 2002 | 17 November 2015 | ||||||
| Cameroon | 28 August 2002 | |||||||
| Cape Verde | 10 February 2006 | |||||||
| Central African Republic | 18 March 2008 | |||||||
| Chad | 18 August 2009 | |||||||
| Chile | 17 June 1998 | 26 August 2002 | 10 November 2015 | |||||
| China | 29 May 1998 | 30 August 2002 | 2 June 2014 | Hong Kong: applied since 8 April 2003 Macao: applied since 14 January 2008 | ||||
| Colombia | 30 November 2001 | |||||||
| Comoros | 10 April 2008 | 7 September 2014 | ||||||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 23 March 2005 | |||||||
| Republic of the Congo | 12 February 2007 | 14 May 2015 | ||||||
| Cook Islands | 16 September 1998 | 27 August 2001 | 5 November 2018 | |||||
| Costa Rica | 27 April 1998 | 9 August 2002 | 21 September 2016 | |||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | 23 April 2007 | |||||||
| Croatia | I | - | −5% | −20% (+11%) | 11 March 1999 | 27 April 2007 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Cuba | 15 March 1999 | 30 April 2002 | 28 December 2016 | |||||
| Cyprus | I | - | none | −20% (−5%) | 16 July 1999 | 10 December 2015 | ||
| Czech Republic | I | 1.2% | −8% | −20% (+9%) | 23 November 1998 | 15 November 2001 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Denmark | I, II | 0.4% | −8% (−21%) | −20% (−20%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 21 December 2017 | Greenland: applied Faroe Islands: not applied |
| Djibouti | 12 March 2002 | 23 September 2014 | ||||||
| Dominica | 25 January 2005 | 15 July 2019 | ||||||
| Dominican Republic | 12 February 2002 | 21 September 2016 | ||||||
| Ecuador | 15 January 1999 | 13 January 2000 | 20 April 2015 | |||||
| Egypt | 15 March 1999 | 12 January 2005 | 3 February 2020 | |||||
| El Salvador | 8 June 1998 | 13 January 2000 | 18 September 2019 | |||||
| Equatorial Guinea | 16 August 2000 | |||||||
| Eritrea | 28 July 2005 | 3 May 2018 | ||||||
| Estonia | I | 0.3% | −8% | −20% (+11%) | 3 December 1998 | 14 October 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Ethiopia | 14 April 2005 | 26 June 2015 | ||||||
| European Union | I, II | −8% | −20% | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 21 December 2017 | All ratifications of the 15 then-EU-members and the EU itself were deposited simultaneously. For the purpose of satisfying the entry-into-force conditions, the EU's ratification was not counted. | |
| Fiji | 17 September 1998 | 17 September 1998 | 19 September 2017 | |||||
| Finland | I, II | 0.4% | −8% (0%) | −20% (−16%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 16 November 2017 | |
| France | I, II | 2.7% | −8% (0%) | −20% (−14%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 30 November 2017 | French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion: applied French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, French Southern Territories, Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon: not applied |
| Gabon | 12 December 2006 | 1 December 2017 | ||||||
| Gambia | 1 June 2001 | 7 November 2016 | ||||||
| Georgia | 16 June 1999 | 16 June 2020 | ||||||
| Germany | I, II | 7.4% | −8% (−21%) | −20% (−14%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 14 November 2017 | |
| Ghana | 30 May 2003 | 24 September 2020 | ||||||
| Greece | I, II | 0.6% | −8% (+25%) | −20% (−4%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Grenada | 6 August 2002 | 1 April 2015 | ||||||
| Guatemala | 10 July 1998 | 5 October 1999 | 15 October 2019 | |||||
| Guinea | 7 September 2000 | 6 April 2016 | ||||||
| Guinea-Bissau | 18 November 2005 | 22 October 2018 | ||||||
| Guyana | 5 August 2003 | 23 December 2014 | ||||||
| Haiti | 6 July 2005 | |||||||
| Honduras | 25 February 1999 | 19 July 2000 | 11 April 2014 | |||||
| Hungary | I | 0.5% | −6% | −20% (+10%) | 21 August 2002 | 1 October 2015 | ||
| Iceland | I, II | 0.0% | +10% | −20% | 23 May 2002 | 7 October 2015 | ||
| India | 26 August 2002 | 8 August 2017 | ||||||
| Indonesia | 13 July 1998 | 3 December 2004 | 30 September 2014 | |||||
| Iran | 22 August 2005 | |||||||
| Iraq | 28 July 2009 | |||||||
| Ireland | I, II | 0.2% | −8% (+13%) | −20% (−20%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Israel | 16 December 1998 | 15 March 2004 | ||||||
| Italy | I, II | 3.1% | −8% (−6.5%) | −20% (−13%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 18 July 2016 | |
| Jamaica | 28 June 1999 | 1 October 2020 | ||||||
| Japan | I, II | 8.5% | −6% | none | 28 April 1998 | 4 June 2002 | ||
| Jordan | 17 January 2003 | 3 January 2020 | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | I (dec.) | - | none | −5% | 12 March 1999 | 19 June 2009 | ||
| Kenya | 25 February 2005 | 7 April 2014 | ||||||
| Kiribati | 7 September 2000 | 11 February 2016 | ||||||
| North Korea | 27 April 2005 | |||||||
| South Korea | 25 September 1998 | 8 November 2002 | 27 May 2015 | |||||
| Kuwait | 11 March 2005 | 8 May 2019 | ||||||
| Kyrgyzstan | 13 May 2003 | |||||||
| Laos | 6 February 2003 | 23 April 2019 | ||||||
| Latvia | I | 0.2% | −8% | −20% (+17%) | 14 December 1998 | 5 July 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Lebanon | 13 November 2006 | |||||||
| Lesotho | 6 September 2000 | 18 January 2019 | ||||||
| Liberia | 5 November 2002 | 17 August 2015 | ||||||
| Libya | 24 August 2006 | |||||||
| Liechtenstein | I | 0.0% | −8% | −16% | 29 June 1998 | 3 December 2004 | 23 February 2015 | |
| Lithuania | I | - | −8% | −20% (+15%) | 21 September 1998 | 3 January 2003 | 22 November 2017 | |
| Luxembourg | I, II | 0.1% | −8% (−28%) | −20% (−20%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 21 September 2017 | |
| Madagascar | 24 September 2003 | 1 October 2015 | ||||||
| Malawi | 26 October 2001 | 29 June 2017 | ||||||
| Malaysia | 12 March 1999 | 4 September 2002 | 12 April 2017 | |||||
| Maldives | 16 March 1998 | 30 December 1998 | 1 July 2015 | |||||
| Mali | 27 January 1999 | 28 March 2002 | 7 December 2015 | |||||
| Malta | I | - | none | −20% (+5%) | 17 April 1998 | 11 November 2001 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Marshall Islands | 17 March 1998 | 11 August 2003 | 7 May 2015 | |||||
| Mauritania | 22 July 2005 | |||||||
| Mauritius | 9 May 2001 | 5 September 2013 | ||||||
| Mexico | 9 June 1998 | 7 September 2000 | 23 September 2014 | |||||
| Federated States of Micronesia | 17 March 1998 | 21 June 1999 | 19 February 2014 | |||||
| Moldova | 22 April 2003 | |||||||
| Monaco | I | 0.0% | −8% | −22% | 29 April 1998 | 27 February 2006 | 27 December 2013 | |
| Mongolia | 15 December 1999 | 20 February 2019 | ||||||
| Montenegro | 4 June 2007 | 26 December 2018 | ||||||
| Morocco | 25 January 2002 | 5 September 2014 | ||||||
| Mozambique | 18 January 2005 | |||||||
| Myanmar | 13 August 2003 | 19 September 2017 | ||||||
| Namibia | 4 September 2003 | 17 February 2015 | ||||||
| Nauru | 16 August 2001 | 1 December 2014 | ||||||
| Nepal | 16 September 2005 | |||||||
| Netherlands | I, II | 1.2% | −8% (−6%) | −20% (−16%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 22 November 2017 | Aruba: not applied Curaçao: not applied Sint Maarten: not applied Caribbean Netherlands: not applied |
| New Zealand | I, II | 0.2% | 0% | none | 22 May 1998 | 19 December 2002 | 30 November 2015 | Tokelau: not applied |
| Nicaragua | 7 July 1998 | 18 November 1999 | 3 July 2019 | |||||
| Niger | 23 October 1998 | 30 September 2004 | 1 August 2018 | |||||
| Nigeria | 10 December 2004 | 2 October 2020 | ||||||
| Niue | 8 December 1998 | 6 May 1999 | 10 December 2019 | |||||
| North Macedonia | 18 November 2004 | 18 October 2019 | ||||||
| Norway | I, II | 0.3% | +1% | −16% | 29 April 1998 | 30 May 2002 | 12 June 2014 | |
| Oman | 19 January 2005 | |||||||
| Pakistan | 11 January 2005 | 31 October 2017 | ||||||
| Palau | 10 December 1999 | 10 March 2015 | ||||||
| Panama | 8 June 1998 | 5 March 1999 | 29 September 2015 | |||||
| Papua New Guinea | 2 March 1999 | 28 March 2002 | ||||||
| Paraguay | 25 August 1998 | 27 August 1999 | 21 February 2019 | |||||
| Peru | 13 November 1998 | 12 September 2002 | 24 September 2014 | |||||
| Philippines | 15 April 1998 | 20 November 2003 | 13 April 2016 | |||||
| Poland | I | 3.0% | −6% | −20% (+14%) | 15 July 1998 | 13 December 2002 | 28 September 2018 | |
| Portugal | I, II | 0.3% | −8% (+27%) | −20% (+1%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 22 November 2017 | |
| Qatar | 11 January 2005 | 28 October 2020 | ||||||
| Romania | I | 1.2% | −8% | −20% (+19%) | 5 January 1999 | 19 March 2001 | 3 May 2016 | |
| Russia | I | 17.4% | 0% | none | 11 March 1999 | 18 November 2004 | ||
| Rwanda | 22 July 2004 | 20 November 2015 | ||||||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 8 April 2008 | 25 October 2016 | ||||||
| Saint Lucia | 16 March 1998 | 20 August 2003 | 20 November 2018 | |||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 19 March 1998 | 31 December 2004 | ||||||
| Samoa | 16 March 1998 | 27 November 2000 | 18 September 2015 | |||||
| San Marino | 28 April 2010 | 4 August 2015 | ||||||
| Sao Tome and Principe | 24 July 2008 | |||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 31 January 2005 | |||||||
| Senegal | 20 July 2001 | 27 May 2020 | ||||||
| Serbia | 24 September 2007 | 30 June 2017 | ||||||
| Seychelles | 20 March 1998 | 22 July 2002 | 15 July 2015 | |||||
| Sierra Leone | 10 November 2006 | 15 June 2020 | ||||||
| Singapore | 12 April 2006 | 23 September 2014 | ||||||
| Slovakia | I | 0.4% | −8% | −20% (+13%) | 26 February 1999 | 31 May 2002 | 16 November 2017 | |
| Slovenia | I | - | −8% | −20% (+4%) | 21 October 1998 | 2 August 2002 | 21 December 2017 | |
| Solomon Islands | 29 September 1998 | 13 March 2003 | 5 September 2014 | |||||
| Somalia | 26 July 2010 | |||||||
| South Africa | 31 July 2002 | 7 May 2015 | ||||||
| Spain | I, II | 1.9% | −8% (+15%) | −20% (−10%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 14 November 2017 | |
| Sri Lanka | 3 September 2002 | 2 December 2015 | ||||||
| Sudan | 2 November 2004 | 3 February 2014 | ||||||
| Suriname | 25 September 2006 | |||||||
| Swaziland | 13 January 2006 | 21 September 2016 | ||||||
| Sweden | I, II | 0.4% | −8% (+4%) | −20% (−17%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 14 November 2017 | |
| Switzerland | I, II | 0.3% | −8% | −15.8% | 16 March 1998 | 9 July 2003 | 28 August 2015 | |
| Syria | 27 January 2006 | |||||||
| Tajikistan | 5 January 2009 | |||||||
| Tanzania | 26 August 2002 | |||||||
| Thailand | 2 February 1999 | 28 August 2002 | 1 September 2015 | |||||
| Timor-Leste | 14 October 2008 | |||||||
| Togo | 2 July 2004 | 5 November 2018 | ||||||
| Tonga | 14 January 2008 | 5 November 2018 | ||||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 7 January 1999 | 28 January 1999 | 6 August 2015 | |||||
| Tunisia | 22 January 2003 | |||||||
| Turkey | I | - | none | none | 28 May 2009 | |||
| Turkmenistan | 28 September 1998 | 11 January 1999 | ||||||
| Tuvalu | 16 November 1998 | 16 November 1998 | 4 December 2014 | |||||
| Uganda | 25 March 2002 | 8 July 2015 | ||||||
| Ukraine | I | - | 0% | −24% | 15 March 1999 | 12 April 2004 | ||
| United Arab Emirates | 26 January 2005 | 26 April 2013 | ||||||
| United Kingdom | I, II | 4.3% | −8% (−12.5%) | −20% (−16%) | 29 April 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 17 November 2017 | Guernsey and Isle of Man, applied since 4 April 2005; Gibraltar, since 2 January 2007; Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Jersey, since 7 March 2007. Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Turks and Caicos Islands or the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia: not applied |
| Uruguay | 29 July 1998 | 5 February 2001 | 12 September 2018 | |||||
| Uzbekistan | 20 November 1998 | 12 October 1999 | ||||||
| Vanuatu | 17 July 2001 | 15 March 2018 | ||||||
| Venezuela | 18 February 2005 | 1 March 2018 | ||||||
| Vietnam | 3 December 1998 | 25 September 2002 | 22 June 2015 | |||||
| Yemen | 15 September 2004 | |||||||
| Zambia | 5 August 1998 | 7 July 2006 | 22 August 2019 | |||||
| Zimbabwe | 30 June 2009 | 20 April 2016 | ||||||
| Totals | I: 38 + EU II: 21+EU | 33 (63.9%) | -%: 31 (24) 0%: 3 (5) +%: 3 (8) | 192 (incl. EU) | 147 |
Former parties
| Country | Annex | % for ratification | emissions limit (2012) | emissions limit (2020) | Signed | Ratification/Acceptance | Amendment acceptance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | I, II | 3.3% | −6% | none | 29 April 1998 | 17 December 2002 | Withdrew 15 December 2011, effective 15 December 2012. (See Canada and the Kyoto Protocol) |
Signatory
| Country | Annex | % for ratification | emissions limit (2012) | emissions limit (2020) | Signed | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | I, II | 36.1% | −7% | none | 12 November 1998 |
Not signatories or parties
As of 2022 there are four UN member states or observers which are not party to the protocol, all of which are members of the UNFCCC: Andorra, Holy See, Palestine, South Sudan.
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