The office of President of Egypt was established in 1953. The president is the head of state of Egypt and the Supreme Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who has effectively controlled the country since the 2013 coup d'état, and was officially elected president in 2014.
Background
The first president of Egypt was Mohamed Naguib, one of the leaders of the Free Officers Movement who led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and who took office on 18 June 1953, the day on which Egypt was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by five further people: Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak, Mohamed Morsi and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In addition, Sufi Abu Taleb acted as president between Sadat's assassination and Mubarak's election as his successor, and Adly Mansour acted as president after Morsi's overthrow in the 2013 coup d'état.
Following Mubarak's resignation on 11 February 2011 in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the office was vacant, with the functions of head of state and head of government being discharged by the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), Field Marshal Muhammad Hussein Tantawy.
Morsi took office on 30 June 2012, after being elected by the presidential election held on 23–24 May and 16–17 June 2012. He was deposed by the Egyptian Armed Forces in a coup d'état on 3 July 2013, following massive protests calling for his resignation. He was succeeded by Mansour, the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt, as Acting President. Mansour was sworn into office in front of the Supreme Constitutional Court on 4 July 2013.
Current President el-Sisi took office on 8 June 2014, after being elected by the presidential election held on 26–28 May 2014. He was re-elected twice (by the presidential election held on 26–28 March 2018 and by the presidential election held on 10–12 December 2023).
List of officeholders
- Political parties
- Other affiliations
- Status
- Symbols
P Presidential referendum
CT Constitutional and term extension referendum
† Died in office
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Term of office | Party | Election | Vice President | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republic of Egypt (18 June 1953 – 22 February 1958) | ||||||||
| 1 | Mohamed Naguib محمد نجيب (1901–1984) | 18 June 1953 – 14 November 1954 (Resigned) | 1 year, 149 days | Military | — | — | ||
| Liberation Rally | ||||||||
| — | Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) Chairman of RCC from 1954 to 1956 | 14 November 1954 – 23 June 1956 | 1 year, 222 days | Military | — | — | ||
| 2 | 23 June 1956 – 22 February 1958 | 1 year, 244 days | Liberation Rally (until 1957) | 1956[P] | ||||
| National Union | ||||||||
| United Arab Republic (22 February 1958 – 11 September 1971) | ||||||||
| (2) | Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) | 22 February 1958 – 28 September 1970[†] | 12 years, 218 days | National Union (until 1962) | 1958[P] | Sabri al-Asali | ||
| Akram al-Hourani | ||||||||
| Abdel Latif Boghdadi | ||||||||
| Abdel Hakim Amer | ||||||||
| Nur al-Din Kahala | ||||||||
| Abdul Hamid al-Sarraj | ||||||||
| Kamal el-Din Hussein | ||||||||
| Zakaria Mohieddin | ||||||||
| Hussein el-Shafei | ||||||||
| Arab Socialist Union | 1965[P] | Anwar Sadat | ||||||
| Hassan Ibrahim | ||||||||
| Ali Sabri | ||||||||
| 3 | Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) | 28 September 1970 – 15 October 1970 | 17 days | Arab Socialist Union | — | Vacant through 30 October 1970 | ||
| 15 October 1970 – 11 September 1971 | 331 days | 1970[P] | Ali Sabri | |||||
| Arab Republic of Egypt (11 September 1971 – present) | ||||||||
| (3) | Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) | 11 September 1971 – 6 October 1981 (Assassinated) | 10 years, 25 days | Arab Socialist Union (until 1978) | 1976[P] | Vacant through 16 January 1972 | ||
| Mahmoud Fawzi | ||||||||
| Vacant after 18 September 1974 | ||||||||
| Hosni Mubarak | ||||||||
| National Democratic | ||||||||
| — | Sufi Abu Taleb صوفى أبو طالب (1925–2008) Interim president | 6 October 1981 – 14 October 1981 | 8 days | National Democratic | — | Hosni Mubarak | ||
| 4 | Hosni Mubarak حسنى مبارك (1928–2020) | 14 October 1981 – 11 February 2011 (Overthrown) | 29 years, 120 days | National Democratic | 1981[P] | Vacant through 29 January 2011 | ||
| 1987[P] | ||||||||
| 1993[P] | ||||||||
| 1999[P] | ||||||||
| 2005 | Omar Suleiman | |||||||
| — | Muhammad Hussein Tantawy محمد حسين طنطاوي (1935–2021) Chairman of SCAF (De facto head of state) | 11 February 2011 – 30 June 2012 | 1 year, 140 days | Military | — | Vacant throughout presidency | ||
| 5 | Mohamed Morsi محمد مرسي (1951–2019) | 30 June 2012 – 3 July 2013 (Deposed in a coup) | 1 year, 3 days | Freedom and Justice | 2012 | Vacant through 12 August 2012 | ||
| Mahmoud Mekki | ||||||||
| Vacant after 22 December 2012 | ||||||||
| Abolished after 26 December 2012 | ||||||||
| — | Adly Mansour عدلي منصور (b. 1945) Interim president | 4 July 2013 – 8 June 2014 | 339 days | Unaffiliated | — | Abolished through 14 July 2014 | ||
| Mohamed ElBaradei (Interim) | ||||||||
| Vacant after 14 August 2013 | ||||||||
| Abolished after 18 January 2014 | ||||||||
| 6 | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi عبد الفتاح السيسى (b. 1954) | 8 June 2014 – Incumbent | 11 years, 258 days | Unaffiliated | 2014 | Abolished through 23 April 2019 | ||
| 2018 | ||||||||
| 2019[CT] | Vacant after 23 April 2019 | |||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||
Timeline
See also
- Muhammad Ali dynasty
- President of Egypt
- Vice President of Egypt
- Prime Minister of Egypt
- Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)
- List of speakers of the House of Representatives (Egypt)
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