This is a list of those who have served as President of the Republic of Peru (head of state and head of government of Peru) from its establishment to the present. The office was established by the 1822 Constituent Congress, after the resignation of José de San Martín to his position as Protector of Peru and his subsequent departure from the country.
The first president was José de la Riva Agüero and the current officeholder is José Jerí. In the history of the position, there has been a series of political crises, caudillos, barracks revolt, civil wars, death of the incumbent, coups d'état, parliamentary attempts to remove the presidency, one self-coup, and vacancies dictated by the congress. The list is based on the work of the historian Jorge Basadre, constitutions, laws, and decrees in each case.
Even though they were not presidents, the list includes the Libertadores San Martín and Simón Bolívar due to their historical relevance in the independence of Peru and its consolidation.
Presidents
Political parties:
Far-right: Revolutionary Union (Unión Revolucionaria, UR) Odriist National Union (Unión Nacional Odriista, UNO)
Right wing: Civilista Party (Partido Civil, PC) Fujimorism (Cambio 90/ Let's Go Neighbor) Constitutional Party (Partido Constitucional) Reformist Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Reformista) Peruvian Democratic Movement (Movimiento Democrático Peruano, MDP) National Democratic Front (Frente Democrático Nacional)
Centre-right: Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio, PPK) We Are Peru (Partido Democrático Somos Perú, PDSP)
Centrist: Popular Action (Acción Popular, AP) Possible Peru (Perú Posible, PP) Purple Party (Partido Morado, PM)
Centre-left: Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata, PD) Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano, APRA)
Left wing: Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano, PNP)
Far-left: Free Peru (Perú Libre, PL)
Others: Independent Military
| UR (2) PC (9) C90/VV (1) PC (4) PDR (1) MDP (2) PPK (1) PDSP (1) AP (4) PP (1) PM (1) PD (2) APRA (2) FDN (1) PNP (1) PL (1) PDSP (1) Ind. (6) Military (16) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Time in office | Party | Election | Vice President | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||||
| Protector of Perú (1821–1822) | |||||||||
| — | José de San Martín (1778–1850) | 28 July 1821 | 20 September 1822 | 1 year, 54 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| Presidents of the Peruvian Republic (1822–1836) | |||||||||
| — | José de La Mar (1776–1830) | 21 September 1822 | 28 February 1823 | 160 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 1 | José de la Riva Agüero (1783–1858) | 28 February 1823 | 23 June 1823 | 115 days | Military | — | None | ||
| — | Francisco Valdivieso y Prada (1773-1829) | 23 June 1823 | 17 July 1823 | 24 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 2 | José Bernardo de Tagle (1779–1825) | 17 July 1823 | 10 February 1824 | 178 days | Military | — | None | ||
| 1823 | Diego de Aliaga y Santa Cruz | ||||||||
| — | Simón Bolívar (1783–1830) | 10 February 1824 | 27 January 1827 | 2 years, 351 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| — | Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865) | 28 January 1827 | 9 June 1827 | 132 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 3 | José de La Mar (1776–1830) | 9 June 1827 | 5 June 1829 | 1 year, 362 days | Military | 1827 | Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano | ||
| — | Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (1796–1878) | 6 June 1829 | 1 September 1829 | 87 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| 4 | Agustín Gamarra (1785–1841) | 7 June 1829 | 20 December 1833 | 4 years, 195 days | Military | — | Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente | ||
| 1829 | |||||||||
| 5 | Luis José de Orbegoso (1795–1847) | 21 December 1833 | 25 February 1835 | 1 year, 66 days | Military | 1833 | None | ||
| — | Felipe Salaverry (1805–1836) | 25 February 1835 | 7 February 1836 | 347 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839) | |||||||||
| — | Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865) | 7 February 1836 | 15 August 1839 | 3 years, 189 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| Presidents of the Peruvian Republic (1839–1980) | |||||||||
| 6 | Agustín Gamarra (1785–1841) | 15 August 1839 | 18 November 1841 (†) | 2 years, 95 days | Military | Open Cabildo | Manuel Menéndez (1840–1841) President of the Council of State Justo Figuerola (1840–1841) 1º Vice President of the Council of State Juan Francisco de Vidal (1840–1841) 2º Vice President of the Council of State | ||
| — | |||||||||
| 1840 | |||||||||
| 7 | Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847) | 18 November 1841 | 16 August 1842 | 271 days | Independent | — | Justo Figuerola 1º Vice President of the Council of State Juan Francisco de Vidal 2º Vice President of the Council of State | ||
| — | Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (1808–1875) | 16 August 1842 | 20 October 1842 | 65 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| 8 | Juan Francisco de Vidal (1800–1863) | 20 October 1842 | 15 March 1843 | 146 days | Military | — | None | ||
| — | Justo Figuerola (1771–1854) | 15 March 1843 | 27 March 1843 | 12 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 9 | Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (1806–1873) | 27 March 1843 | 17 June 1844 | 1 year, 82 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| — | Domingo Elías Carbajo (1805–1867) | 17 June 1844 | 10 August 1844 | 146 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| — | Justo Figuerola (1771–1854) | 10 August 1844 | 7 October 1844 | 146 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 10 | Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847) | 7 October 1844 | 20 April 1845 | 195 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 11 | Ramón Castilla (1797–1867) | 20 April 1845 | 20 April 1851 | 6 years | Military | 1845 | None | ||
| 12 | José Rufino Echenique (1808–1887) | 20 April 1851 | 5 January 1855 | 3 years, 260 days | Military | 1851 | None | ||
| 13 | Ramón Castilla (1797–1867) | 5 January 1855 | 24 October 1862 | 7 years, 292 days | Military | Coup d'état | Juan Manuel del Mar (1858–1862) | ||
| 1858 | |||||||||
| 14 | Miguel de San Román (1802–1863) | 24 October 1862 | 3 April 1863 (†) | 161 days | Military | 1862 | First Vice President Juan Antonio Pezet (1862–1863) Second Vice President Pedro Diez-Canseco (1862–1863) | ||
| 15 | Juan Antonio Pezet (1809–1879) | 5 August 1863 | 8 November 1865 | 2 years, 95 days | Military | — | First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President Pedro Diez-Canseco (1862–1863) | ||
| 16 | Mariano Ignacio Prado (1825–1901) | 28 November 1865 | 7 January 1868 | 2 years, 40 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| 1867 | |||||||||
| 17 | Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho (1815–1893) | 7 January 1868 | 2 August 1868 | 208 days | Military | — | None | ||
| 18 | José Balta (1814–1872) | 2 August 1868 | 22 July 1872 | 3 years, 355 days | Military | 1868 | First Vice President Mariano Herencia-Zevallos (1868–1872) Second Vice President Francisco Diez-Canseco (1868–1872) | ||
| — | Tomás Gutiérrez (1817–1872) | 22 July 1872 | 26 July 1872 | 4 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| 19 | Mariano Herencia Zevallos (1820–1873) | 26 July 1872 | 2 August 1872 | 7 days | Civilista Party | — | First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President Francisco Diez-Canseco (1872) | ||
| 20 | Manuel Pardo y Lavalle (1834–1878) | 2 August 1872 | 2 August 1876 | 4 years | Civilista Party | 1872 | First Vice President Manuel Costas Arce (1872-1876) Second Vice President Francisco Garmendia (1872-1873) | ||
| 21 | Mariano Ignacio Prado (1825–1901) | 2 August 1876 | 18 December 1879 | 3 years, 138 days | Civilista Party | 1876 | First Vice President Luis La Puerta (1876–1879) Second Vice President José Canevaro (1876–1879) | ||
| 22 | Luis La Puerta (1811–1896) | 18 December 1879 | 23 December 1879 | 5 days | Military | — | First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President José Canevaro (1879) | ||
| 23 | Nicolás de Piérola (1839–1913) | 23 December 1879 | 28 December 1881 | 2 years, 5 days | Independent | Open cabildo | None | ||
| 24 | Francisco García Calderón (1834–1905) | 12 March 1881 | 6 November 1881 | 239 days | Independent | — | First Vice President Lizardo Montero (1881) Second Vice President Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1881) | ||
| 25 | Lizardo Montero (1832–1905) | 6 November 1881 | 28 October 1883 | 1 year, 356 days | Civilista Party | — | None | ||
| 26 | Miguel Iglesias (1830–1909) | 30 December 1882 | 3 December 1885 | 2 years, 338 days | Military | — | None | ||
| — | Antonio Arenas (1808–1891) | 3 December 1885 | 3 June 1886 | 182 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 27 | Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923) | 3 June 1886 | 10 August 1890 | 4 years, 68 days | Constitutional Party | 1886 | First Vice President Remigio Morales Bermúdez (1895–1899) Second Vice President Aurelio Denegri (1895–1899) | ||
| 28 | Remigio Morales Bermúdez (1836–1894) | 10 August 1890 | 1 April 1894 (†) | 3 years, 234 days | Constitutional Party | 1890 | First Vice President Pedro Alejandrino del Solar (1890–1894) Second Vice President Justiniano Borgoño (1890–1894) | ||
| 29 | Justiniano Borgoño (1836–1921) | 1 April 1894 | 10 August 1894 | 131 days | Constitutional Party | — | None | ||
| 30 | Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923) | 10 August 1894 | 20 March 1895 | 222 days | Constitutional Party | 1894 | First Vice President César Canevaro (1894–1895) Second Vice President Cesáreo Chacaltana (1894–1895) | ||
| — | Manuel Candamo (1841–1904) | 20 March 1895 | 8 September 1895 | 172 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 31 | Nicolás de Piérola (1839–1913) | 8 September 1895 | 8 September 1899 | 4 years | Democratic Party | 1895 | First Vice President Guillermo Billinghurst (1895-1899) Second Vice President Augusto Seminario (1895–1899) | ||
| 32 | Eduardo López de Romaña (1847–1912) | 8 September 1899 | 8 September 1903 | 4 years | Civilista Party | 1899 | First Vice President Isaac Alzamora (1899–1903) Second Vice President Federico Bresani (1899–1903) | ||
| 33 | Manuel Candamo (1841–1904) | 8 September 1903 | 7 May 1904 (†) | 242 days | Civilista Party | 1903 | First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President Serapio Calderón (1903–1904) | ||
| 34 | Serapio Calderón (1843–1922) | 7 May 1904 | 24 September 1904 | 140 days | Civilista Party | — | None | ||
| 35 | José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947) | 24 September 1904 | 24 September 1908 | 4 years | Civilista Party | 1904 | First Vice President José Cavero (1904–1908) Second Vice President Vacant | ||
| 36 | Augusto Leguía (1863–1932) | 24 September 1908 | 24 September 1912 | 4 years | Civilista Party | 1908 | First Vice President Eugenio Larrabure (1908–1912) Second Vice President Belisario Sosa (1908–1912) | ||
| 37 | Guillermo Billinghurst (1851–1915) | 24 September 1912 | 4 February 1914 | 1 year, 133 days | Democratic Party | 1912 | First Vice President Roberto Leguía (1912-1914) Second Vice President Miguel Echenique (1912-1914) | ||
| 38 | Óscar Benavides (1876–1945) | 4 February 1914 | 18 August 1915 | 1 year, 195 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| 39 | José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947) | 18 August 1915 | 4 July 1919 | 3 years, 320 days | Civilista Party | 1915 | First Vice President Ricardo Bentín Sánchez (1915–1919) Second Vice President Melitón Carvajal (1915–1919) | ||
| 40 | Augusto Leguía (1863–1932) | 4 July 1919 | 25 August 1930 | 11 years, 52 days | Reformist Democratic Party | Coup d'état | First Vice President César Canevaro (1919-1920) Second Vice President Agustín de la Torre (1919-1920) | ||
| 1919 | |||||||||
| 1924 | |||||||||
| 1929 | |||||||||
| — | Manuel María Ponce (1874–1966) | 25 August 1930 | 27 August 1930 | 2 days | Military | — | None | ||
| — | Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933) | 27 August 1930 | 1 March 1931 | 186 days | Military | Coup d'état | None | ||
| — | Ricardo Elías Arias (1874–1951) | 1 March 1931 | 5 March 1931 | 4 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| — | Gustavo Jiménez Saldías (1886–1933) | 5 March 1931 | 11 March 1931 | 6 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| — | David Samanez Ocampo (1866–1947) | 11 March 1931 | 8 December 1931 | 272 days | Democratic Party | — | None | ||
| 41 | Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933) | 8 December 1931 | 30 April 1933 (†) | 1 year, 143 days | Revolutionary Union | 1931 | None | ||
| 42 | Óscar Benavides (1876–1945) | 30 April 1933 | 8 December 1939 | 6 years, 222 days | Military | — | First Vice President Ernesto Montagne Markholz (1936–1939) Second Vice President Antonio Rodríguez (1936–1939) | ||
| 43 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1889–1967) | 8 December 1939 | 28 July 1945 | 5 years, 232 days | Peruvian Democratic Movement | 1939 | First Vice President Rafael Larco Herrera (1939–1945) Second Vice President Carlos Gibson (1939–1945) | ||
| 44 | José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1894–1989) | 28 July 1945 | 29 October 1948 | 3 years, 93 days | National Democratic Front | 1945 | First Vice President José Gálvez Barrenechea (1945–1948) Second Vice President Eduardo Ganoza (1945–1948) | ||
| — | Manuel Odría (1896–1974) | 29 October 1948 | 1 June 1950 | 1 year, 215 days | Military | Coup d'état | First Vice President Zenón Noriega (1948–1950) Second Vice President None | ||
| — | Zenón Noriega (1889–1967) | 1 June 1950 | 28 July 1950 | 57 days | Military | — | None | ||
| 45 | Manuel Odría (1896–1974) | 28 July 1950 | 28 July 1956 | 6 years | Odriist National Union | 1950 | First Vice President Héctor Boza (1950–1956) Second Vice President Federico Bolognesi (1950–1956) | ||
| 46 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1889–1967) | 28 July 1956 | 18 July 1962 | 5 years, 355 days | Peruvian Democratic Movement | 1956 | First Vice President Luis Gallo Porras (1956–1962) Second Vice President Carlos Moreyra (1956–1962) | ||
| 47 | Ricardo Pérez Godoy (1905–1982) | 18 July 1962 | 3 March 1963 | 228 days | Military | Coup d'état | First Vice President Nicolás Lindley López (1962–1963) Second Vice President None | ||
| 48 | Nicolás Lindley López (1908–1995) | 3 March 1963 | 28 July 1963 | 147 days | Military | — | First Vice President Pedro Vargas Prada (1963) Second Vice President None | ||
| 49 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1912–2002) | 28 July 1963 | 3 October 1968 | 5 years, 67 days | Popular Action | 1963 | First Vice President Edgardo Seoane (1963–1968) Second Vice President Mario Polar Ugarteche (1963–1968) | ||
| 50 | Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910–1977) | 3 October 1968 | 29 August 1975 | 6 years, 330 days | Military | Coup d'état | First Vice President Edgardo Mercado Jarrín (1968–1975) Second Vice President None | ||
| 51 | Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1921–2022) | 30 August 1975 | 28 July 1980 | 4 years, 333 days | Military | Coup d'état | First Vice President Pedro Richter Prada (1975–1980) Second Vice President None | ||
| Presidents of the Republic of Peru (1980–present) | |||||||||
| 52 | Fernando Belaúnde (1912–2002) | 28 July 1980 | 28 July 1985 | 5 years | Popular Action | 1980 | First Vice President Fernando Schwalb (1980–1985) Second Vice President Javier Alva Orlandini (1980–1985) | ||
| 53 | Alan García (1949–2019) | 28 July 1985 | 28 July 1990 | 5 years | Peruvian Aprista Party | 1985 | First Vice President Luis Alberto Sánchez (1985–1990) Second Vice President Luis Alva Castro (1985–1990) | ||
| 54 | Alberto Fujimori (1938–2024) | 28 July 1990 | 21 November 2000 | 10 years, 116 days | Change 90 (1990–1995) New Majority (1995–2000) Peru 2000 (2000) | 1990 | First Vice President Máximo San Román (1990–1992) Jaime Yoshiyama (1993–1995) Ricardo Márquez Flores (1995–2000) Francisco Tudela (2000) Second Vice President Carlos García y García (1990–1992) César Paredes Canto (1995–2000) Ricardo Márquez Flores (2000) | ||
| Self-coup | |||||||||
| — | |||||||||
| 1995 | |||||||||
| 2000 | |||||||||
| 55 | Valentín Paniagua (1936–2006) | 22 November 2000 | 28 July 2001 | 248 days | Popular Action | — | None | ||
| 56 | Alejandro Toledo (born 1946) | 28 July 2001 | 28 July 2006 | 5 years | Possible Peru | 2001 | First Vice President Raúl Diez-Canseco (2001–2004) Second Vice President David Waisman (2001–2006) | ||
| 57 | Alan García (1949–2019) | 28 July 2006 | 28 July 2011 | 5 years | Peruvian Aprista Party | 2006 | First Vice President Luis Giampietri (2006–2011) Second Vice President Lourdes Mendoza (2006–2011) | ||
| 58 | Ollanta Humala (born 1962) | 28 July 2011 | 28 July 2016 | 5 years | Peruvian Nationalist Party | 2011 | First Vice President Marisol Espinoza (2011–2012) Second Vice President Omar Chehade (2011–2016) | ||
| 59 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (born 1938) | 28 July 2016 | 23 March 2018 | 1 year, 238 days | Peruvians for Change | 2016 | First Vice President Martín Vizcarra (2016–2018) Second Vice President Mercedes Aráoz (2016–2018) | ||
| 60 | Martín Vizcarra (born 1963) | 23 March 2018 | 9 November 2020 | 2 years, 231 days | Independent | — | First Vice President None Second Vice President Mercedes Aráoz (2018–2020) | ||
| 61 | Manuel Merino (born 1961) | 10 November 2020 | 15 November 2020 | 5 days | Popular Action | — | None | ||
| 62 | Francisco Sagasti (born 1944) | 17 November 2020 | 28 July 2021 | 253 days | Purple Party | — | None | ||
| 63 | Pedro Castillo (born 1969) | 28 July 2021 | 7 December 2022 | 1 year, 132 days | Free Peru | 2021 | First Vice President Dina Boluarte (2021–2022) Second Vice President None | ||
| 64 | Dina Boluarte (born 1962) | 7 December 2022 | 10 October 2025 | 2 years, 307 days | Independent | — | None | ||
| 65 | José Jerí (born 1986) | 10 October 2025 | Incumbent | 57 days | We Are Peru | — | None | ||
Timeline
Addendum
Those who are mentioned in the following list were sworn in as presidents of Peru, because of a political crisis, however, they never came to govern:
| President (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Title | Form of entry | Vice President | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | ||||||
| Máximo San Román (born 1946) | 21 April 1992 | 6 January 1993 | Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru | Constitutional succession (First Vice President) | Carlos García y García | ||
| Mercedes Aráoz (born 1961) | 30 September 2019 | 1 October 2019 | Acting President | Constitutional succession (Second Vice President) | None | ||
See also
- President of Peru
- Vice President of Peru
- Prime Minister of Peru
- Constitution of Peru
- Politics of Peru
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- List of viceroys of Peru
- List of Peruvian coups d'état
Notes
- As Protector of Peru
- Supreme Governing Junta of Peru
- Appointed
- Interim Head of Government
- José Bernardo de Tagle was appointed president by Antonio José de Sucre on 17 July 1823. This was then made official on August.
- As Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Peruvian Republic
- President of the Junta Government
- Supreme Chief
- As Supreme Head of the Republic
- Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
- As President of the Council of State of Peru
- Supreme Chief
- Provisional President
- As Supreme Director of Peru
- Supreme Chief
- Provisional President
- Succeeded to presidency
- As Provisional Supreme Chief from 1865 to 1867, as Provisional President in 1867, and as constitutional President of Peru from 1867 to 1868
- As Supreme Leader of the Peruvian Republic
- Succesion
- As Supreme Head of the Peruvian Republic until 8 July 1881
- Congress of Chorrillos
- President of the Provisional Government Junta
- President of the Provisional Government Junta
- As President of the Governing Board of Peru from 4 February 1914 to 15 May 1914, and as Provisional President of the Peruvian Republic from 15 May 1914 to 18 August 1915
- As President of the Military Junta of the Government of Peru
- President of the Provisional Junta
- President of the Transitional Government Junta
- President of the Government Junta
- Appointed by Congress
- President of the Military Junta of the Government of Peru
- President of the Military Junta of the Government of Peru
- Appointed by Military Junta
- As President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru
- De jure figurehead, de facto leadership by Vladimiro Montesinos
- As President of the Government of Emergency and National Reconstruction of Peru between 22 April 1992 and 9 January 1993
- Succeeded to the presidency as President of Congress
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