A Mexican State (Spanish: Estado), officially a Free and Sovereign State (Spanish: Estado libre y soberano), is a constituent federative entity of Mexico according to the Constitution of Mexico. Currently there are 31 states, each with its own constitution, government, state governor, and state congress. In the hierarchy of Mexican administrative divisions, states are further divided into municipalities. Currently there are 2,462 municipalities in Mexico.
| Free and Sovereign State of Mexico Estado Libre y Soberano de México | |
|---|---|
| Category | Federated state |
| Location | United Mexican States |
| Created |
|
| Number | 32 federal entities |
| Populations |
|
| Areas |
|
| Government | |
| Subdivisions | |
Although not formally a state, political reforms have enabled Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México), the capital city of the United Mexican States to have a federative entity status equivalent to that of the states since January 29, 2016.
Current Mexican governmental publications usually lists 32 federative entities (31 states and Mexico City), and 2,478 municipalities (including the 16 boroughs of Mexico City). Third or lower level divisions are sometimes listed by some governmental publications.
List of federative entities
Mexico City, though not formally a state, is included for comparison.
| Coat of arms and name | Cities | Area | Population | Munici- palities | Admission to Federation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | Largest | km2 | sq mi | 2024 Q4 | 2020 census | |||||
| Aguascalientes | Aguascalientes | 5,615.7 | 2,168.2 | 1,493,459 | 1,425,607 | 11 | 24th | 5 Feb 1857 | ||
| Baja California | Mexicali | Tijuana | 71,450.0 | 27,587.0 | 3,779,050 | 3,769,020 | 7 | 29th | 16 Jan 1952 | |
| Baja California Sur | La Paz | 73,909.4 | 28,536.6 | 872,439 | 798,447 | 5 | 31st | 8 Oct 1974 | ||
| Campeche | San Francisco de Campeche | 57,484.9 | 22,195.0 | 949,481 | 928,363 | 13 | 25th | 29 Apr 1863 | ||
| Chiapas | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | 73,311.0 | 28,305.5 | 5,914,879 | 5,543,828 | 124 | 19th | 14 Sep 1824 | ||
| Chihuahua | Chihuahua | Ciudad Juárez | 247,412.6 | 95,526.5 | 3,900,629 | 3,741,869 | 67 | 18th | 6 Jul 1824 | |
| Coahuila de Zaragoza | Saltillo | 151,594.8 | 58,531.1 | 3,457,516 | 3,146,771 | 38 | 16th | 7 May 1824 | ||
| Colima | Colima | Manzanillo | 5,626.9 | 2,172.6 | 719,445 | 731,391 | 10 | 22nd | 12 Sep 1856 | |
| Durango | Victoria de Durango | 123,364.0 | 47,631.1 | 1,890,563 | 1,832,650 | 39 | 17th | 22 May 1824 | ||
| Guanajuato | Guanajuato | León de los Aldama | 30,606.7 | 11,817.3 | 6,313,504 | 6,166,934 | 46 | 2nd | 20 Dec 1823 | |
| Guerrero | Chilpancingo de los Bravo | Acapulco de Juárez | 63,595.9 | 24,554.5 | 3,603,188 | 3,540,685 | 85 | 21st | 27 Oct 1849 | |
| Hidalgo | Pachuca de Soto | 20,821.4 | 8,039.2 | 3,222,994 | 3,082,841 | 84 | 26th | 16 Jan 1869 | ||
| Jalisco | Guadalajara | 78,595.9 | 30,346.0 | 8,732,495 | 8,348,151 | 125 | 9th | 23 Dec 1823 | ||
| México | Toluca de Lerdo | Ecatepec de Morelos | 22,351.8 | 8,630.1 | 17,728,216 | 16,992,418 | 125 | 1st | 20 Dec 1823 | |
| Mexico City (Ciudad de México) | n/a | Iztapalapa | 1,494.3 | 577.0 | 9,352,517 | 9,209,944 | 16 | 32nd | 29 Jan 2016 | |
| Michoacán de Ocampo | Morelia | 58,598.7 | 22,625.1 | 4,943,602 | 4,748,846 | 113 | 5th | 22 Dec 1823 | ||
| Morelos | Cuernavaca | 4,878.9 | 1,883.8 | 1,964,164 | 1,971,520 | 36 | 27th | 17 Apr 1869 | ||
| Nayarit | Tepic | 27,856.5 | 10,755.5 | 1,237,293 | 1,235,456 | 20 | 28th | 26 Jan 1917 | ||
| Nuevo León | Monterrey | 64,156.2 | 24,770.8 | 6,130,641 | 5,784,442 | 51 | 15th | 7 May 1824 | ||
| Oaxaca | Oaxaca de Juárez | 93,757.6 | 36,200.0 | 4,242,791 | 4,132,148 | 570 | 3rd | 21 Dec 1823 | ||
| Puebla | Puebla de Zaragoza | 34,309.6 | 13,247.0 | 6,586,805 | 6,583,278 | 217 | 4th | 21 Dec 1823 | ||
| Querétaro | Santiago de Querétaro | 11,690.6 | 4,513.8 | 2,530,655 | 2,368,467 | 18 | 11th | 23 Dec 1823 | ||
| Quintana Roo | Chetumal | Cancún | 44,705.2 | 17,260.8 | 1,917,252 | 1,857,985 | 11 | 30th | 8 Oct 1974 | |
| San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | 61,138.0 | 23,605.5 | 2,874,010 | 2,822,255 | 59 | 6th | 22 Dec 1823 | ||
| Sinaloa | Culiacán Rosales | 57,365.4 | 22,148.9 | 3,169,760 | 3,026,943 | 20 | 20th | 14 Oct 1830 | ||
| Sonora | Hermosillo | 179,354.7 | 69,249.2 | 3,039,967 | 2,944,840 | 72 | 12th | 10 Jan 1824 | ||
| Tabasco | Villahermosa | 24,730.9 | 9,548.7 | 2,537,961 | 2,402,598 | 17 | 13th | 7 Feb 1824 | ||
| Tamaulipas | Ciudad Victoria | Reynosa | 80,249.3 | 30,984.4 | 3,575,756 | 3,527,735 | 43 | 14th | 7 Feb 1824 | |
| Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl | San Pablo del Monte | 3,996.6 | 1,543.1 | 1,469,900 | 1,342,977 | 60 | 23rd | 9 Dec 1856 | |
| Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | Xalapa-Enríquez | Veracruz | 71,823.5 | 27,731.2 | 8,093,517 | 8,062,579 | 212 | 7th | 22 Dec 1823 | |
| Yucatán | Mérida | 39,524.4 | 15,260.5 | 2,375,403 | 2,320,898 | 106 | 8th | 23 Dec 1823 | ||
| Zacatecas | Zacatecas | Guadalupe | 75,275.3 | 29,064.0 | 1,674,227 | 1,622,138 | 58 | 10th | 23 Dec 1823 | |
| Mexico total | Mexico City | 1,972,550.0 | 761,605.8 | 130,294,079 | 126,014,024 | 2,478 | — | |||
Notes:
- Joined the federation with the name of Coahuila y Tejas.
- The states of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Coahuila became independent de facto in 1840 to form the República del Río Grande (English: Republic of the Rio Grande); never consolidated its independence because independent forces were defeated by the centralist forces.
- Includes the remote Revillagigedo Islands, which are federally administered.
- Mexico City was a Federal District until 29 January 2016, when this status was abolished.
- Joined the federation with the name of Estado de Occidente, also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa.
- The State of Tabasco seceded from Mexico on two occasions: first on 13 February 1841, rejoining again on 2 December 1842; and the second from 9 November 1846 to 9 December 1846.
- Joined the federation as República Federada de Yucatán (English: Federated Republic of Yucatán) formed by the current states of Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Became independent in 1841 constituting the second Republic of Yucatán and definitively rejoined in 1848.
Lists by topic
State symbols:
- State flags of Mexico
- List of Mexican state name etymologies
- List of Mexican state demonyms
- List of Mexican states by date of statehood
- Mexico State-Abbreviation Codes
- Lists of Mexican state governors
- List of current state governors in Mexico
- List of Mexican state congresses (with current composition)
Other:
- List of Mexican states by area
- List of Mexican states by population
- List of Mexican states by population density
- List of Mexican states by GDP
- List of Mexican states by GDP per capita
- List of Mexican states by HDI
See also
- Administrative divisions of Mexico
- Territorial evolution of Mexico
- State governments of Mexico
- Territories of Mexico
- Postal codes in Mexico
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