As of 2025[update], the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has 11 member states and one observer state.
ASEAN was founded on 8 August 1967 with five member states: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Lists
A list of member states is provided below. The members of ASEAN Plus Three and the East Asia Summit are also listed. Both forums are ASEAN-led and meetings are held following the ASEAN Summit.
Also listed are participants of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), an organisation throughout the Asia–Pacific region whose objectives are to foster dialogue and consultation, and promote confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the region.
The ASEAN is an organisation on the Southeast Asian region that aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among its members and to promote regional peace.
ASEAN member states
| Country | Capital | Area (km2) | Population | Density (/km2) | GDP (PPP) | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Accession | Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Head of government | |||||||||||
| Brunei | Bandar Seri Begawan | 5,765 | 411,900 | 65 | 29,731 | 0.838 | Brunei dollar (BND; B$) | Malay | Hassanal Bolkiah | 7 January 1984 | 1994 | |
| Cambodia | Phnom Penh | 181,035 | 15,626,444 | 78 | 78,065 | 0.594 | Cambodian riel (KHR; ៛) United States dollar (USD; $) | Khmer | Norodom Sihamoni | Hun Manet | 30 April 1999 | 1995 |
| Indonesia | Jakarta | 1,904,569 | 255,975,000 | 113 | 3,507,239 | 0.718 | Indonesian rupiah (IDR; Rp) | Indonesian | Prabowo Subianto | 8 August 1967 | 1994 | |
| Laos | Vientiane | 236,800 | 6,492,400 | 24 | 62,797 | 0.613 | Lao kip (LAK; ₭) | Lao | Thongloun Sisoulith | Sonexay Siphandone | 23 July 1997 | 1994 |
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 329,847 | 31,427,096 | 72 | 978,781 | 0.810 | Malaysian ringgit (MYR; RM) | Malay | Ibrahim | Anwar Ibrahim | 8 August 1967 | 1994 |
| Myanmar | Naypyidaw | 676,578 | 51,419,420 | 81 | 258,677 | 0.583 | Burmese kyat (MMK; K) | Burmese | Min Aung Hlaing (acting) | Nyo Saw | 23 July 1997 | 1996 |
| Philippines | Manila | 343,448 | 103,371,800 | 295 | 1,000,617 | 0.718 | Philippine peso (PHP; ₱) | Filipino and English | Bongbong Marcos | 8 August 1967 | 1994 | |
| Singapore | Singapore | 707.1 | 5,535,000 | 6,619 | 600,063 | 0.938 | Singapore dollar (SGD; S$) | English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil | Tharman Shanmugaratnam | Lawrence Wong | 8 August 1967 | 1994 |
| Thailand | Bangkok | 513,115 | 65,339,612 | 126 | 1,329,324 | 0.777 | Thai baht (THB; ฿) | Thai | Vajiralongkorn | Anutin Charnvirakul | 8 August 1967 | 1994 |
| Timor-Leste | Dili | 14,874 | 1,231,116 | 76.2 | 4,928 | 0.620 | United States dollar (USD; $) Timor-Leste Centavo | Tetum and Portuguese | José Ramos-Horta | Xanana Gusmão | 26 October 2025 | 2005 |
| Vietnam | Hanoi | 331,690 | 99,000,000 | 248 | 1,148,054 | 0.704 | Vietnamese đồng (VND; ₫) | Vietnamese | Tô Lâm Lương Cường | Phạm Minh Chính | 28 July 1995 | 1994 |
| ASEAN (total) | Jakarta (headquarters) | 4,479,210 | 673,655,000 | 135 | 5,869[dubious – discuss] | 0.729 (UNDP cal.) | — | English (Working language) | Kao Kim Hourn (Secretary-general) | — | — | |
Non-member states
ASEAN observer states
| Country | Capital | Area (km2) | Population | Density (/km2) | GDP per cap. (PPP) | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Status | Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Head of government | |||||||||||
| Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby | 462,840 | 11,781,559 | 25.5 | 2,560 | 0.576 | Papua New Guinean kina (PGK; K) | English, Tok Pisin, and Hiri Motu | Charles III | James Marape | Observer | 1994 |
ASEAN Plus Three Nation States
The present members of ASEAN together with:
| Country | Capital | Area (km2) | Population | Density (/km2) | GDP per cap. (PPP) | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Head of government | ||||||||||
| China | Beijing | 9,640,011 | 1,371,790,000 | 139.6 | 12,880 | 0.719 | Chinese yuan (CNY; ¥) | Standard Chinese | Xi Jinping | Li Qiang | 1994 |
| Japan | Tokyo | 377,873 | 126,865,000 | 337.6 | 37,390 | 0.890 | Japanese yen (JPY; ¥) | Japanese (de facto) | Naruhito | Sanae Takaichi | 1994 |
| South Korea | Seoul | 100,140 | 51,448,183 | 493 | 35,277 | 0.891 | South Korean won (KRW; ₩) | Korean | Lee Jae-myung | 1994 | |
East Asia Summit
The present members of ASEAN Plus Three together with:
| Country | Capital | Area (km2) | Population | Density (/km2) | GDP per cap. (PPP) | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Head of government | ||||||||||
| Australia | Canberra | 7,686,850 | 27,536,874 | 3.7 | 64,547 | 0.958 | Australian dollar (AUD; A$) | English (de facto) | Charles III | Anthony Albanese | 1994 |
| India | New Delhi | 3,287,240 | 1,366,417,750 | 364.4 | 5,855 | 0.586 | Indian rupee (INR; ₹) | Hindi in Devanagari script and English | Droupadi Murmu | Narendra Modi | 1996 |
| New Zealand | Wellington | 268,680 | 4,612,280 | 16.1 | 35,152 | 0.910 | New Zealand dollar (NZD; NZ$) | English, Māori, and NZ Sign Language | Charles III | Christopher Luxon | 1994 |
| Russia | Moscow | 17,075,400 | 146,567,880 | 8.3 | 24,805 | 0.778 | Russian ruble (RUB; ₽) | Russian | Vladimir Putin | Mikhail Mishustin | 1994 |
| United States | Washington, D.C. | 9,629,091 | 321,719,000 | 32 | 54,597 | 0.914 | United States dollar (USD; $) | English (de facto) | Donald Trump | 1994 | |
ASEAN Regional Forum
The ASEAN Regional Forum is an informal multilateral dialogue of 27 members that seeks to address security issues in the Asia-Pacific region.
The list includes the members of the East Asia Summit plus:
| Country | Capital | Area (km2) | Population | Density (/km2) | GDP per cap. (PPP) | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Head of government | ||||||||||
| Bangladesh | Dhaka | 148,460 | 159,143,012 | 1,099.3 | 6,636 | 0.632 | Bangladeshi taka (BDT; ৳) | Bengali | Mohammed Shahabuddin | Muhammad Yunus | 2006 |
| Canada | Ottawa | 9,984,670 | 41,651,653 | 4.2 | 53,558 | 0.939 | Canadian dollar (CAD; C$) | English and French | Charles III | Mark Carney | 1994 |
| Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | 1,564,115 | 3,032,606 | 1.75 | 11,882 | 0.698 | Mongolian tögrög (MNT; ₮) | Mongolian | Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Gombojavyn Zandanshatar | 1999 |
| North Korea | Pyongyang | 120,540 | 25,155,000 | 198.3 | 1,800 est. | 0.540 (2012 UNDP) | North Korean won (KPW; ₩) | Korean | Kim Jong-un | Pak Thae-song | 2000 |
| Pakistan | Islamabad | 796,095 | 191,198,263 | 214.3 | 4,736 | 0.537 | Pakistani rupee (PKR; ₨) | Urdu and English | Asif Ali Zardari | Shehbaz Sharif | 2004 |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative), Colombo (Commercial) | 65,610 | 20,771,00 | 323 | 10,372 | 0.750 | Sri Lankan rupee (LKR; රු) | Sinhalese and Tamil | Anura Kumara Dissanayake | Harini Amarasuriya | 2007 |
| European Union | Brussels (de facto) | 4,233,262 | 447,706,209 | 106 | 37,607 | 0.876 (UNDP cal.) | Euro (EUR; €) and 7 others | Various | António Costa | Ursula von der Leyen | 1994 |
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