The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (Russian: Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, romanized: Moskovskaya koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga), or MKAD (МКАД), is a ring road running predominantly on the city border of Moscow with a length of 108.9 km (67.7 mi) and 35 exits (including ten interchanges). It was completed in 1962. The speed limit is 100 km/h.
History
The growth of traffic in and around Moscow in the 1950s made the city planners realise that Russia's largest metropolis needed a bypass to redirect incoming traffic from major roads that run through the city. Opened in 1961, the MKAD had four asphalt lanes and ran 108.9 kilometres along the city's borders. Although not yet a freeway, it featured interchanges at major junctions, very few traffic lights, and a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph).
For a long time, the MKAD served as the administrative boundary of Moscow, but in the 1980s the city began annexing territory outside the beltway. In December 2002, Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo became the first Moscow Metro station that opened beyond the limits of the MKAD.
From 1995 to 1999, the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes; all intersections became grade-separated, pedestrian bridges were built to accommodate pedestrians, traffic lights were removed, and a solid concrete barrier was installed in the median. In 2001, all slow-moving vehicles were banned from entering the MKAD, and the renovated road received a freeway designation from the mayor's office.
Route
This article contains a bulleted list or table of intersections which should be presented in a properly formatted junction table. (November 2021) |
| Distance (approx.) | Destinations | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 km | M 7 (Entuziastov shosse) – Nizhny Novgorod | ||
| 2 km | Pobeda ulitsa — Reutov, Ivanovskoe | ||
| 4 km | Ketcherskaya ulitsa, Nosovikhinskoye ulitsa — Balashikha, Elektrougli | ||
| 6 km | Novokosino District | ||
| 7 km | Moldagulovoy ulitsa, Novoukhtomskoe shosse | ||
| 8 km | North-Eastern Chord, Kosinskoe Highway | ||
| 8 km | Ryazansky prospekt, Lermontovsky prospekt — Lyubertsy | ||
| 11 km | M 5 (Volgogradsky prospekt, Novoryazanskoye shosse) – Ryazan, Bykovo Airport | ||
| 14 km | Verkhniye Polya ulitsa — Kotelniki | ||
| 16 km | Energetikov ulitsa, Kapotnya ulitsa — Dzerzhinsky, Kapotnya | ||
| 20 km | Besedinskoe shosse — Besedy | ||
| 24 km | Kashirskoye Highway | ||
| 27 km | M 4 (Lipetskaya ulitsa) – Domodedovo Airport, Vidnoe, Kashira, Rostov-on-Don | ||
| 30 km | Bulatnikovo | ||
| 33 km | M 2 (Varshavskoe shosse) – Ostafyevo International Airport, Podolsk | ||
| 35 km | Polyany ulitsa — Butovo | ||
| 38 km | Paustovskogo ulitsa — Yasenevo | ||
| 41 km | A 130 / Profsoyuznaya ulitsa | ||
| 45 km | M 3 (Kiyevskoye Highway) / Leninsky Avenue – Vnukovo Airport, Bryansk, Kyiv | ||
| 48 km | Borovskoye shosse, Ozyornaya ulitsa | ||
| 55 km | M 1 (Minskoye shosse) / Mozhayskoye shosse – Smolensk, Brest, Belarus | ||
| 56 km | Gorbunova ulitsa — Nemchinovka | ||
| 60 km | A 106 (Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse) – Uspenskoye | ||
| 61 km | Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse — Rublevo | ||
| 63 km | M 9 (Novorizhskoye shosse) / Marshala Zhukova prospekt – Riga, Velikiye Luki | ||
| 65 km | Myankininsky prospekt — Myakinino | ||
| 68 km | A 109 (Volokolamskoye shosse) – Dedovsk, Petrovo-Dalneye | ||
| 72 km | Novokurkinskoye shosse — Kurkino | ||
| 74 km | Svobody ulitsa, Molodezhnaya ulitsa — Kurkino | ||
| 75 km | M 10 – Sheremetyevo International Airport, Khimki, Saint Petersburg | ||
| 78 km | M 11 | ||
| 82 km | A 104 (Dmitrovskoye shosse) – Dubna, Dmitrov | ||
| 85 km | Altufyevskoye shosse — Veshki | ||
| 91 km | Ostashskovskaya ulitsa | ||
| 95 km | M 8 (Yaroslavskoye shosse) – Yaroslavl | ||
| 103 km | Khabarovskaya ulitsa — Abramtsevo | ||
| 105 km | A 103 (Shchelkovskoye shosse) – Shchyolkovo |
Gallery
- Interchange of MKAD and Kashirskoye Highway in Moscow
- MKAD interchange with Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway
- Interchange of MKAD and Leningradskoye Highway
- Interchange of MKAD and Borovskoe shosse
- Interchange of MKAD and Mozhayskoe shosse
- MKAD interchange with Novorizhskoe shosse
- Interchange of MKAD and Volokolamskoe shosse
- Interchange of MKAD and Yaroslavskoe shosse
- Interchange of MKAD and Myakininsky proezd
- MKAD interchange with Molodogvardeyskaya street
- MKAD interchange with Dmitrovskoe highway
- MKAD interchange with Verkhniye polya street
- MKAD interchange with M2
- MKAD near Strogino District
- MKAD interchange with Profsoyuznaya street/A-101 (Kaluzhskoe shosse)
- Yaroslavskoe highway interchange
- Interchange of MKAD and Volgogradsky Prospekt in Moscow
See also
Ring roads in Moscow:
- Boulevard Ring
- Garden Ring
- Third Ring Road
- Central Ring Road
Comparison to other ring roads encircling big cities:
- Saint Petersburg Ring Road
- Minsk Ring Road
- Berliner Ring in Berlin
- London Orbital motorway
- Boulevard Périphérique and Paris super-périphérique in Paris
- Grande Raccordo Anulare in Rome
- Autopista de Circunvalación M-40 and M-50 (Spain) in Madrid
- Anillo Periférico in Mexico City
- Washington, DC Beltway
- Interstate 610 (Texas) and Texas State Highway Beltway 8 in Houston
- Ring roads of Beijing
- Tokyo Central Circular Expressway, Tokyo Outer Expressway, and four other regular roads, encircling Tokyo
- Circumferential roads in and around Metro Manila, acting as beltways for the cities in the capital
- Warsaw Expressway Ring
Notes and references
- "Bul'var Dmitriya Donskogo". Moscow Metro official site. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
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