Non-metropolitan district

Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially "shire districts", are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties (colloquially shire counties) in a two-tier arrangement. Non-metropolitan districts with borough status are known as boroughs, able to appoint a mayor. Some shire counties, for example Cornwall, now have no sub-divisions so are a single non-metropolitan district.

Non-metropolitan district
Also known as: Shire district

Category	Local authority districts
Location	England
Found in	Non-metropolitan county
Created by	Local Government Act 1972
Created	1 April 1974
Number	226 (as of 2023)
Possible types	Two-tier (164) Unitary authority (62)
Possible status	City Royal borough Borough

Typically, a district will consist of a market town and its more rural hinterland. However, districts are diverse, with some being mostly urban (such as Dartford) and others more polycentric (such as Thurrock).

Structure

Non-metropolitan districts are subdivisions of English non-metropolitan counties which have a two-tier structure of local government. Two-tier non-metropolitan counties have a county council and several districts, each with a borough or district council. In these cases local government functions are divided between county and district councils, to the level where they can be practised most efficiently:

Borough/district councils are responsible for local planning and building control, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
County councils are responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, fire services, Trading Standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
In the case where a non-metropolitan county consists of a single non-metropolitan district, there is a single council, a unitary authority, that is responsible for all functions.

Service	Non-metropolitan county	Non-metropolitan district	Unitary authority
Education	Yes	No	Yes
Transport	Yes	No	Yes
Housing	No	Yes	Yes
Planning	Yes	No	Yes
Planning applications	No	Yes	Yes
Fire and public safety	Yes	No	Yes
Social care	Yes	No	Yes
Libraries	Yes	No	Yes
Waste management	Yes	No	Yes
Rubbish collection	No	Yes	Yes
Recycling	No	Yes	Yes
Trading standards	Yes	No	Yes
Council Tax collections	No	Yes	Yes

Status

Many districts have borough status, which means the local council is called a borough council instead of district council and gives them the right to appoint a mayor. Borough status is granted by royal charter and, in many cases, continues a style enjoyed by a predecessor authority, which can date back centuries. Some districts such as Oxford or Exeter have city status, granted by letters patent, but this does not give the local council any extra powers other than the right to call itself a city council.

History

By 1899, England had been divided at district level into rural districts, urban districts, municipal boroughs, county boroughs and metropolitan boroughs. This system was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and the Local Government Act 1972. Non-metropolitan districts were created by this act in 1974 when England outside Greater London was divided into metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties. Metropolitan counties were sub-divided into metropolitan districts and the non-metropolitan counties were sub-divided into non-metropolitan districts. The metropolitan districts had more powers than their non-metropolitan counterparts. Initially, there were 296 non-metropolitan districts in the two-tier structure, but reforms in the 1990s and 2009 reduced their number to 192. A further 55 non-metropolitan districts are now unitary authorities, which combine the functions of county and borough/district councils.

Scotland and Wales

In Wales, an almost identical two-tier system of local government existed between 1974 and 1996 (see Districts of Wales). In 1996, this was abolished and replaced with an entirely unitary system of local government, with one level of local government responsible for all local services. Since the areas for Wales and England had been enacted separately and there were no Welsh metropolitan areas, the term 'non-metropolitan district' does not apply to Wales. A similar system existed in Scotland, which in 1975 was divided into regions and districts, this was also abolished in 1996 and replaced with a fully unitary system.

District Councils' Network

In England most of the district councils are represented by the District Councils' Network, special interest group which sits within the Local Government Association. The network's purpose is to "act as an informed and representative advocate for districts to government and other national bodies, based on their unique position to deliver for local people."

List of counties and districts

This is a list of two-tier non-metropolitan counties and their districts. All unitary authorities are also non-metropolitan districts, which, with the exception of those of Berkshire, are coterminous with non-metropolitan counties.

For a full list of districts of all types including unitary authorities, metropolitan districts and London boroughs, see Districts of England.

Non-metropolitan counties and their districts (excluding unitary authorities)
Non-metropolitan county	Non-metropolitan districts	Number
Cambridgeshire	Cambridge – South Cambridgeshire – Huntingdonshire – Fenland – East Cambridgeshire	5
Derbyshire	High Peak – Derbyshire Dales – South Derbyshire – Erewash – Amber Valley – North East Derbyshire – Chesterfield – Bolsover	8
Devon	Exeter – East Devon – Mid Devon – North Devon – Torridge – West Devon – South Hams – Teignbridge	8
East Sussex	Hastings – Rother – Wealden – Eastbourne – Lewes	5
Essex	Harlow – Epping Forest – Brentwood – Basildon – Castle Point – Rochford – Maldon – Chelmsford – Uttlesford – Braintree – Colchester – Tendring	12
Gloucestershire	Gloucester – Tewkesbury – Cheltenham – Cotswold – Stroud – Forest of Dean	6
Hampshire	Gosport – Fareham – Winchester – Havant – East Hampshire – Hart – Rushmoor – Basingstoke and Deane – Test Valley – Eastleigh – New Forest	11
Hertfordshire	Three Rivers – Watford – Hertsmere – Welwyn Hatfield – Broxbourne – East Hertfordshire – Stevenage – North Hertfordshire – St Albans – Dacorum	10
Kent	Dartford – Gravesham – Sevenoaks – Tonbridge and Malling – Tunbridge Wells – Maidstone – Swale – Ashford – Folkestone and Hythe – Canterbury – Dover – Thanet	12
Lancashire	West Lancashire – Chorley – South Ribble – Fylde – Preston – Wyre – Lancaster – Ribble Valley – Pendle – Burnley – Rossendale – Hyndburn	12
Leicestershire	Charnwood – Melton – Harborough – Oadby and Wigston – Blaby – Hinckley and Bosworth – North West Leicestershire	7
Lincolnshire	Lincoln – North Kesteven – South Kesteven – South Holland – Boston – East Lindsey – West Lindsey	7
Norfolk	Norwich – South Norfolk – Great Yarmouth – Broadland – North Norfolk – King's Lynn and West Norfolk – Breckland	7
Nottinghamshire	Rushcliffe – Broxtowe – Ashfield – Gedling – Newark and Sherwood – Mansfield – Bassetlaw	7
Oxfordshire	Oxford – Cherwell – South Oxfordshire – Vale of White Horse – West Oxfordshire	5
Staffordshire	Tamworth – Lichfield – Cannock Chase – South Staffordshire – Stafford – Newcastle-under-Lyme – Staffordshire Moorlands – East Staffordshire	8
Suffolk	Ipswich – Babergh – East Suffolk – Mid Suffolk – West Suffolk	5
Surrey	Spelthorne – Runnymede – Surrey Heath – Woking – Elmbridge – Guildford – Waverley – Mole Valley – Epsom and Ewell – Reigate and Banstead – Tandridge	11
Warwickshire	North Warwickshire – Nuneaton and Bedworth – Rugby – Stratford-on-Avon – Warwick	5
West Sussex	Worthing – Arun – Chichester – Horsham – Crawley – Mid Sussex – Adur	7
Worcestershire	Worcester – Malvern Hills – Wyre Forest – Bromsgrove – Redditch – Wychavon	6
Total		164

List of abolished non-metropolitan districts

This is a list of former two-tier districts in England which have been abolished, by local government reorganisations such as the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. It does not include districts that still exist after becoming a unitary authority or those that transferred from one county to another, including those that changed name. Nor does it include unitary authorities that have been abolished (Bournemouth and Poole).

Non-metropolitan county (at time of abolition)	Abolished two-tier non-metropolitan districts	Number
Avon	Bath – Kingswood – Northavon – Wansdyke	4
Bedfordshire	Mid Bedfordshire – South Bedfordshire	2
Buckinghamshire	South Bucks – Chiltern – Wycombe – Aylesbury Vale	4
Cheshire	Chester – Congleton – Crewe and Nantwich – Ellesmere Port and Neston – Macclesfield – Vale Royal	6
Cornwall	Caradon – Carrick – Kerrier – North Cornwall – Penwith – Restormel	6
Cumbria	Barrow-in-Furness – South Lakeland – Copeland – Allerdale – Eden – Carlisle	6
Dorset	Weymouth and Portland – West Dorset – North Dorset – Purbeck – East Dorset – Christchurch	6
Durham	Durham – Easington – Sedgefield – Chester-le-Street – Derwentside – Wear Valley – Teesdale	7
East Sussex	Brighton – Hove	2
Hereford and Worcester	Hereford – Leominster – Malvern Hills – South Herefordshire	3
Humberside	East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley – Boothferry – Cleethorpes – East Yorkshire – Glanford – Great Grimsby – Holderness – Scunthorpe	8
Isle of Wight	Medina – South Wight	2
Kent	Gillingham – Rochester-upon-Medway	2
Northamptonshire	South Northamptonshire – Northampton – Daventry – Wellingborough – Kettering – Corby – East Northamptonshire	7
North Yorkshire	York – Selby – Harrogate – Craven – Richmondshire – Hambleton – Ryedale – Scarborough	8
Northumberland	Blyth Valley – Wansbeck – Castle Morpeth – Tynedale – Alnwick – Berwick-upon-Tweed	6
Shropshire	Bridgnorth – North Shropshire – Oswestry – Shrewsbury and Atcham – South Shropshire	5
Somerset	Taunton Deane – West Somerset – South Somerset – Somerset West and Taunton – Sedgemoor – Mendip	6
Suffolk	Forest Heath – St Edmundsbury – Suffolk Coastal – Waveney	4
Wiltshire	Kennet – North Wiltshire – Salisbury – West Wiltshire	4
Total		98

Notes

the district was abolished in 1996 and merged to form a larger York unitary district

[5] the district was abolished in 1996 and merged to form a larger York unitary district