Northern Vietnam or Tonkin (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three geographic sub-regions: the Northwest (Vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (Vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng). It is near China. Unlike tropical Central and Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.
It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km2. The region's largest city, Hanoi, serves as the country's capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.
Administration
Northern Vietnam includes three administrative regions, which in turn comprises 25 First Tier units.
| Administrative Region | First Tier Administrative Units | Area (km2) | Population (2022) | Population Density (people/ km2) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast (Đông Bắc Bộ) | Bắc Giang | 50,826.38 | 9,474,710 | 186.41 | contains most of the mountainous provinces that lie to north of the highly populated Red River lowlands. Four of them are along Vietnam's border with China. |
| Northwest (Tây Bắc Bộ) | Điện Biên | 50,565.71 | 4,911,370 | 97.13 | contains inland provinces in the west of Vietnam's northern part. Three of them are along Vietnam's border with Laos, and two border China (Dien Bien borders both China and Laos). |
| Red River Delta (Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng) | Bắc Ninh | 15,070.70 | 22,091,250 | 1,465.84 | contains the small but populous provinces along the mouth of the Red River. The Red River Delta has the smallest area but highest population and population density of all regions. It is also the only region without any land borders with neighboring countries. |
^† Municipality (thành phố trực thuộc trung ương)
Of all 25 First Tier units, two are municipalities and 23 are provinces.
See also
- Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
- Regions of Vietnam
- Tonkin
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