November 2019 Spanish general election

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A general election was held in Spain on Sunday, 10 November 2019, to elect the members of the 14th Cortes Generales under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate. It was a repeat election under the provisions of Article 99.5 of the Constitution, as a result of the failure in government formation negotiations following the previous general election.

November 2019 Spanish general election
← 2019 (Apr)
10 November 2019
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All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 265) seats in the Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered37,001,379 0.3%
Turnout24,507,715 (66.2%)
5.5 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Pedro Sánchez Pablo Casado Santiago Abascal
Party PSOE PP Vox
Leader since 18 June 2017 21 July 2018 20 September 2014
Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Madrid
Last election 123 seats, 28.7% 66 seats, 16.7% 24 seats, 10.3%
Seats won 120 89 52
Seat change 3 23 28
Popular vote 6,792,199 5,047,040 3,656,979
Percentage 28.0% 20.8% 15.1%
Swing 0.7 pp 4.1 pp 4.8 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Pablo Iglesias Gabriel Rufián Albert Rivera
Party Unidas Podemos ERC–Sobiranistes Cs
Leader since 15 November 2014 14 October 2019 9 July 2006
Leader's seat Madrid Barcelona Madrid
Last election 42 seats, 14.3% 15 seats, 3.9% 57 seats, 15.9%
Seats won 35 13 10
Seat change 7 2 47
Popular vote 3,119,364 880,734 1,650,318
Percentage 12.9% 3.6% 6.8%
Swing 1.4 pp 0.3 pp 9.1 pp
Prime Minister before election

Pedro Sánchez (acting)
PSOE

Prime Minister after election

Pedro Sánchez
PSOE

Political differences between the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Unidas Podemos after the April 2019 election saw Pedro Sánchez's failed investiture as prime minister on 23–25 July 2019. With no further party negotiations during the summer, King Felipe VI declined to propose any candidate for investiture ahead of the 23 September deadline, with a new general election scheduled for 10 November. The failure in negotiations prompted Podemos' founder Íñigo Errejón to turn his regional Más Madrid party—which had obtained a remarkable result in the 26 May Madrilenian regional election—into a national alliance under the newly created brand of Más País, comprising a number of regional parties and former Podemos and United Left (IU) allies, such as Coalició Compromís, Equo or Chunta Aragonesista (CHA), while also seeing an exodus of a number of Podemos officials.

Voter turnout was the lowest since the transition to democracy in 1975, with just 66.2% of the electorate casting a ballot, which was lower than the previous negative record set in the 2016 election (66.5%), the only other occasion in Spanish democracy that an election was triggered as a result of the failure of a government formation process. The election saw a partial recovery for the opposition People's Party (PP) and large gains for the far-right Vox party at the expense of Citizens (Cs), which suffered one of the largest electoral setbacks in the history of Spanish elections following the party scoring its best historical result in the April 2019 general election, signalling the end of Albert Rivera's active political career. Both PSOE and Unidas Podemos saw slight decreases in both popular vote and seats, but were still able to outperform the combined strength of PP, Vox and Cs; consequently, both parties agreed to set aside their political feuds and successfully negotiated a government shortly after the election, to become the first governing coalition in Spain since the Second Spanish Republic.

The tenure of the newly formed government, which was formally appointed on 13 January 2020, would be quickly overshadowed by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March and its political and economical consequences, including the worst worldwide recession since the Great Depression resulting from the massive lockdowns enforced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Overview

Under the 1978 Constitution, the Spanish Cortes Generales were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a limited number of functions—such as ratification of international treaties, authorization of collaboration agreements between autonomous communities, enforcement of direct rule, regulation of interterritorial compensation funds, and its role in constitutional amendment and in the appointment of members to the Constitutional Court and the General Council of the Judiciary—which were not subject to the Congress's override.

Electoral system

Voting for each chamber of the Cortes Generales was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights, provided that they were not sentenced—by a final court ruling—to deprivation of the right to vote. Additionally, Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).

The Congress of Deputies was entitled to a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with the electoral law setting its size at 350. 348 members were elected in 50 multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations—using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional voting system, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes (which included blank ballots) being applied in each constituency. The two remaining seats were allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts and elected using plurality voting. The use of the electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:

Seats Constituencies
37 Madrid
32 Barcelona
15 Valencia
12 Alicante, Seville
11 Málaga
10 Murcia
9 Cádiz
8 A Coruña, Balearic Islands, Biscay, Las Palmas
7 Asturias, Granada, Pontevedra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza
6 Almería, Badajoz, Córdoba, Gipuzkoa, Girona, Tarragona, Toledo
5 Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, Jaén, Navarre, Valladolid
4 Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres, La Rioja, León, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca
3 Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Teruel, Zamora
2 Soria

208 seats in the Senate were elected using an open list partial block voting system: in constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller (Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.

The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislative term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when required, by the designated substitutes.

Eligibility

Spanish citizens of age and with the legal capacity to vote could run for election, provided that they were not sentenced to imprisonment by a final court ruling nor convicted, even if by a non-final ruling, to forfeiture of eligibility or to specific disqualification or suspension from public office under particular offences: rebellion, terrorism or other crimes against the state. Other causes of ineligibility were imposed on the following officials:

  • Members of the Spanish royal family and their spouses;
  • The holders of a number of positions: the president and members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council; the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking members—undersecretaries, secretaries-general, directors-general and chiefs of staff—of Spanish government departments, the Office of the Prime Minister, the Social Security and other government agencies; government delegates and sub-delegates in the autonomous communities; the chair of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the chairs of the Official Credit Institute and other official credit institutions; and members of electoral commissions and of the Nuclear Safety Council;
  • Heads of diplomatic missions in foreign states or international organizations (ambassadors and plenipotentiaries);
  • Judges and public prosecutors in active service;
  • Personnel of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy and Air Force) and law enforcement corps in active service.

Other causes of ineligibility for both chambers were imposed on a number of territorial-level officers in the aforementioned categories—during their tenure of office—in constituencies within the whole or part of their respective area of jurisdiction, as well as employees of foreign states and members of regional governments. Incompatibility provisions extended to the president of the National Commission on Markets and Competition; members of RTVE's board and of the offices of the prime minister, the ministers and the secretaries of state; government delegates in port authorities, hydrographic confederations and toll highway concessionary companies; presidents and other high-ranking members of public entities, state monopolies, companies with majority public participation and public saving banks; deputies and senators elected on candidacies subsequently declared illegal by a final court ruling; as well as the impossibility of simultaneously holding the positions of deputy and senator or regional legislator.

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties, federations or alliances that had not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election were required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies. Additionally, a balanced composition of men and women was required in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition.

A special, simplified process was provided for election re-runs, including a shortening of deadlines, electoral campaigning, the lifting of signature requirements if these had been already met for the immediately previous election and the possibility of maintaining lists and alliances without needing to go through pre-election procedures again.

Election date

The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 28 April 2019, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 28 April 2023. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 4 April 2023, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible date for election day on Sunday, 28 May 2023.

The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot. Barring this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2025, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.

The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 24 September 2019 with the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting election day for 10 November and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 3 December.

Outgoing parliament

The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.

Parties and candidates

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Congress Senate
Vote % Seats Vote % Seats
PSOE
List
  • Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
  • Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)
Pedro Sánchez Social democracy 28.7% 123 29.3% 123
PP
List
  • People's Party (PP)
  • Forum of Citizens (FAC)
Pablo Casado Conservatism
Christian democracy 		16.7% 66 19.2% 54
Cs
List
  • Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
  • Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
Albert Rivera Liberalism 15.9% 57 14.9% 4
Unidas
Podemos
List
  • We Can (Podemos)
  • United Left (IU)
    – Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
    – The Dawn Marxist Organization (La Aurora (OM))
    – Ecosocialists of the Region of Murcia (ESRM)
    – Initiative for El Hierro (IpH)
    – Republican Left (IR)
    – Feminist Party of Spain (PFE)
  • Assembly (Batzarre)
  • Upper Aragon in Common (AltoAragón en Común)
  • In Common We Can−Let's Win Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi)
    – Catalonia in Common (CatComú)
    – We Can (Podem)
  • In Common–United We Can (En Común)
    – We Can (Podemos)
    – United Left (EU)
Pablo Iglesias Left-wing populism
Direct democracy
Democratic socialism 		14.3% 42 12.8% 0
Vox
List
  • Vox (Vox)
Santiago Abascal Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism 		10.3% 24 8.4% 0
ERC–
Sobiranistes
List
  • Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
  • Sovereigntists (Sobiranistes)
  • Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV)
Gabriel Rufián Catalan independence
Left-wing nationalism
Social democracy 		3.9% 15 4.4% 11
JxCat–Junts
List
  • Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT)
  • Together for Catalonia (JxCat)
    – National Call for the Republic (CNxR)
Laura Borràs Catalan independence
Liberalism 		1.9% 7 2.1% 2
EAJ/PNV
List
  • Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
Aitor Esteban Basque nationalism
Christian democracy 		1.5% 6 1.6% 9
EH Bildu
List
  • Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)
    – Create (Sortu)
    – Basque Solidarity (EA)
    – Alternative (Alternatiba)
Mertxe Aizpurua Basque independence
Abertzale left
Socialism 		1.0% 4 0.9% 1
CCa–
PNC–NC
List
  • Canarian Coalition (CCa)
  • New Canaries (NCa)
  • Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC)
  • Independent Herrenian Group (AHI)
Ana Oramas Regionalism
Canarian nationalism
Centrism
0.7%
 2
0.4%
 0
NA+
List
  • Navarrese People's Union (UPN)
  • People's Party (PP)
  • Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
Sergio Sayas Regionalism
Christian democracy
Conservatism
Liberalism 		0.4% 2 0.5% 3
PRC
List
  • Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC)
José María Mazón Regionalism
Centrism 		0.2% 1 0.2% 0
BNG
List
  • Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
    – Galician People's Union (UPG)
    – Galician Movement for Socialism (MGS)
    – Abrente–Galician Democratic Left (Abrente–EDG)
    – Galician Workers' Front (FOGA)
Néstor Rego Galician nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Socialism 		0.4% 0 0.5% 0
ASG
List
  • Gomera Socialist Group (ASG)
Fabián Chinea Insularism
Social democracy 		— 0.0% 1
Más País
List
  • More Country (Más País)
  • Equo (Equo)
  • Aragonese Union (CHA)
  • More Commitment (Més Compromís)
    – Commitment Coalition (Compromís)
    – More Country (Más País)
Íñigo Errejón Green politics
Direct democracy
Alter-globalization 		Did not contest


CUP–PR
List
  • Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP)
    – Forward–Socialist Organization of National Liberation (Endavant–OSAN)
    – Free People (PL–PPCC)
    – Internationalist Struggle (LI–CI)
  • Let's Reverse (Capgirem)
  • Pirates of Catalonia (Pirata.cat)
Mireia Vehí Catalan independence
Anti-capitalism
Socialism 		Did not contest

¡TE!
List
  • Teruel Exists (¡TE!)
Tomás Guitarte Regionalism Did not contest

Timetable

The November 2019 Spanish general election was the first to apply the new electoral procedures introduced for election re-runs as a result of the experience of the 2015–2016 political deadlock leading to the June 2016 election. This consisted of a special, simplified process, including a shortening of deadlines, electoral campaigning, the lifting of signature requirements if these had been already met for the immediately previous election and the possibility of maintaining lists and coalitions without needing to go through the same pre-election procedures again. The key dates are listed below (all times are CET. The Canary Islands used WET (UTC+0) instead):

  • 24 September: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the president of the Congress of Deputies, ratified by the King; formal dissolution of parliament and start of prohibition period on the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
  • 25 September: Initial constitution of provincial and zone electoral commissions.
  • 30 September: Deadline for parties and federations to report on their electoral alliances.
  • 7 October: Deadline for parties, federations, alliances, and groupings of electors to present electoral lists.
  • 9 October: Publication of submitted electoral lists in the Official State Gazette (BOE).
  • 14 October: Official proclamation of validly submitted electoral lists.
  • 15 October: Publication of proclaimed electoral lists in the BOE.
  • 19 October: Deadline for non-resident citizens (electors residing abroad (CERA) and citizens temporarily absent from Spain) to apply for voting.
  • 31 October: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
  • 1 November: Official start of electoral campaigning.
  • 5 November: Start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication; deadline for CERA citizens to vote by mail.
  • 6 November: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voting (extended to 8 November by the Central Electoral Commission).
  • 8 November: Last day of electoral campaigning; deadline for CERA voting.
  • 9 November: Official election silence ("reflection day").
  • 10 November: Election day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote); provisional vote counting.
  • 13 November: Start of general vote counting, including CERA votes.
  • 16 November: Deadline for the general vote counting.
  • 25 November: Deadline for the proclamation of elected members.
  • 5 December: Deadline for the reconvening of parliament (date determined by the election decree, which for the November 2019 election was set for 3 December).
  • 4 January: Deadline for the publication of definitive election results in the BOE.

Campaign

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Ref.
PSOE « Ahora Gobierno. Ahora España »
« Ahora sí » 		"Government now. Spain now"
"Yes now"
PP « Por todo lo que nos une » "For everything that unites us"
Cs « España en marcha » "Spain underway"
Unidas Podemos
  • ECP
  • En Común
 Main: « Un Gobierno contigo »
ECP: « Si vols solucions, vota solucions »
En Común: « Conta con nós » 		Main: "A Government with you"
ECP: "If you want solutions, vote solutions"
En Común: "Count with us"

Vox « España siempre » "Always Spain"
ERC–Sobiranistes « Tornarem més forts » "We shall return stronger"
JxCat–Junts « Per la independència, ni un vot enrere » "For independence, not a vote back"
EAJ/PNV « Hemen, EAJ-PNV » "Here, EAJ/PNV"
EH Bildu « Erabaki Baietz! » "Decide Yes!"
CCa–PNC–NC « Hagamos más fuerte a Canarias » "Let's make the Canaries stronger"
NA+ « Navarra, clave en España » "Navarra, key in Spain"
BNG « Facer valer Galiza con voz propia » "Enforce Galicia with our own voice"
Más País
  • Més Compromís
 Main: « Desbloquear, avanzar, Más País »
Més Compromís: « Acordar, la política útil » 		Main: "Unblock, make progress, More Country"
Més Compromís: "Agreeing, the useful policy"
CUP–PR « Ingovernables » "Ungovernable"

Events and issues

The pre-campaign period saw the rise of a new left-wing electoral platform, Más País, founded by former Podemos co-founder Íñigo Errejón around his Más Madrid platform, following the failure of the left to agree on a government following the April election. Más País was joined by several other parties, such as Coalició Compromís, Chunta Aragonesista and Equo, the latter of which voted for breaking up its coalition with Unidas Podemos in order to join Errejón's platform. The leadership of Podemos in the Region of Murcia also went on to joint Más País. The platform went on to poll at 6% as soon as it was formed.

On 24 September, the Spanish Supreme Court ruled in favor of the PSOE's plan to remove the remnants of Francisco Franco from the Valle de los Caídos, a key policy of Pedro Sánchez during the previous legislature. The prior of the Valle de los Caídos' abbey, Santiago Cantera, initially announced his intention to disregard the Supreme Court's ruling and not authorize Franco's exhumation; however, the Spanish government closed down the monument to the public on 11 October in order to prepare for the exhumation—finally scheduled for 22 October at latest, so for the removal to be over by 25 October—to uphold the Supreme Court's ruling.

On 13 October, the leaders of the Catalan independence movement involved in the events of October 2017 were sentenced by the Supreme Court for sedition and embezzlement to convictions ranging from 9 to 13 years in jail. The ruling unleashed a wave of violent protests throughout Catalonia, and particularly in Barcelona, throughout the ensuing days.

Election debates

November 2019 Spanish general election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present    S  Surrogate    NI  Not invited   I  Invited    A  Absent invitee 
PSOE PP Cs UP Vox ERC JxCat PNV Audience Ref.
1 November RTVE Xabier Fortes P
Lastra 		P
A. de Toledo 		P
Arrimadas 		P
I. Montero 		P
Espinosa 		P
Rufián 		NI P
Esteban 		17.7%
(2,468,000)
2 November laSexta
(La Sexta Noche) 		Iñaki López S
Sicilia 		S
Gamarra 		S
Rodríguez 		S
Vera 		S
O. Smith 		P
Rufián 		S
Borràs 		P
Esteban 		8.5%
(865,000)
4 November TV Academy Ana Blanco
Vicente Vallés 		P
Sánchez 		P
Casado 		P
Rivera 		P
Iglesias 		P
Abascal 		NI NI NI 52.7%
(8,621,000)
7 November laSexta Ana Pastor P
M. Montero 		P
Pastor 		P
Arrimadas 		P
I. Montero 		P
Monasterio 		NI NI NI 19.2%
(3,133,000)
Opinion polls
Candidate viewed as "performing best" or "most convincing" in each debate
Debate Polling firm/Commissioner PSOE PP Cs UP Vox ERC PNV Tie None ?
1 November SocioMétrica/El Español 14.3 17.6 19.4 16.6 18.5 6.0 3.7 – – 3.9
4 November ElectoPanel/Electomanía 9.7 7.5 14.8 34.3 33.8 – – – – –
Sigma Dos/Antena 3 20.0 21.5 10.8 29.5 18.2 – – – – –
Invymark/laSexta 32.3 17.4 12.8 15.5 13.8 – – – – 8.2
SocioMétrica/El Español 20.0 26.3 13.3 15.0 21.8 – – – – 3.6
Ipsos/Henneo 24.0 9.0 6.0 32.0 29.0 – – – – –
NC Report/La Razón 22.8 25.1 10.1 24.3 17.7 – – – – –
CIS 15.3 9.4 4.2 23.3 14.7 – – 3.4 23.7 6.1

Opinion polls

Local regression trend line of poll results from 28 April 2019 to 10 November 2019, with each line corresponding to a political party.


Voter turnout

The table below shows registered voter turnout on election day, without including non-resident citizens.

Region Time
14:00 18:00 20:00
28A 10N +/– 28A 10N +/– 28A 10N +/–
Andalusia 38.94% 35.80% −3.14 57.23% 54.84% −2.39 73.30% 68.23% −5.07
Aragon 44.65% 41.18% −3.47 62.30% 57.88% −4.42 77.62% 71.50% −6.12
Asturias 40.15% 34.42% −5.73 58.67% 53.50% −5.17 73.35% 65.47% −7.88
Balearic Islands 38.10% 30.95% −7.15 54.42% 47.40% −7.02 67.56% 58.71% −8.85
Basque Country 41.75% 40.18% −1.57 60.05% 57.60% −2.45 74.52% 68.93% −5.59
Canary Islands 30.72% 27.07% −3.65 51.00% 44.36% −6.64 68.15% 60.47% −7.68
Cantabria 43.12% 39.12% −4.00 63.64% 59.28% −4.36 78.00% 70.83% −7.17
Castile and León 41.80% 37.29% −4.51 61.99% 56.70% −5.29 78.16% 71.36% −6.80
Castilla–La Mancha 42.71% 38.07% −4.64 62.35% 57.44% −4.91 78.02% 71.38% −6.64
Catalonia 43.52% 40.58% −2.94 64.20% 59.88% −4.32 77.57% 72.14% −5.43
Extremadura 42.86% 37.17% −5.69 60.21% 54.41% −5.80 76.31% 69.12% −7.19
Galicia 36.97% 31.96% −5.01 58.91% 53.24% −5.67 73.97% 66.62% −7.35
La Rioja 44.67% 40.42% −4.25 61.51% 57.45% −4.06 78.12% 71.27% −6.85
Madrid 43.61% 40.98% −2.63 65.10% 61.50% −3.60 79.76% 74.55% −5.21
Murcia 43.41% 39.01% −4.40 61.75% 57.89% −3.86 75.69% 69.99% −5.70
Navarre 43.79% 39.38% −4.41 60.89% 56.46% −4.43 76.32% 69.30% −7.02
Valencian Community 45.87% 42.51% −3.36 61.64% 59.97% −1.67 76.33% 71.71% −4.62
Ceuta 30.47% 27.27% −3.20 48.84% 43.77% −5.07 63.97% 56.19% −7.78
Melilla 28.14% 24.61% −3.53 45.44% 38.98% −6.46 62.94% 57.12% −5.82
Total 41.49% 37.92% –3.57 60.74% 56.85% –3.89 75.75% 69.86% –5.89
Sources

Results

Congress of Deputies

← Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 6,792,199 28.00 −0.67 120 −3
People's Party (PP) 5,047,040 20.81 +4.12 89 +23
Vox (Vox) 3,656,979 15.08 +4.82 52 +28
United We Can (Unidas Podemos) 3,119,364 12.86 −1.46 35 −7
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 2,381,960 9.82 −1.24 26 −7
In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) 549,173 2.26 −0.09 7 ±0
In Common–United We Can (Podemos–EU) 188,231 0.78 −0.13 2 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 1,650,318 6.80 −9.06 10 −47
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 880,734 3.63 −0.28 13 −2
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 874,859 3.61 −0.28 13 −2
Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) 5,875 0.02 ±0.00 0 ±0
More Country (Más País) 582,306 2.40 New 3 +2
More Country–Equo (Más País–Equo) 330,345 1.36 New 2 +2
More Commitment (Més Compromís)1 176,287 0.73 +0.07 1 ±0
More Country (Más País) 52,478 0.22 New 0 ±0
More Country–Aragonese Union–Equo (Más País–CHA–Equo) 23,196 0.10 New 0 ±0
Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts) 530,225 2.19 +0.28 8 +1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 379,002 1.56 +0.05 6 ±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 277,621 1.14 +0.15 5 +1
Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR) 246,971 1.02 New 2 +2
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 228,856 0.94 −0.31 0 ±0
Canarian Coalition–New Canaries (CCa–PNC–NC)2 124,289 0.51 −0.15 2 ±0
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) 120,456 0.50 +0.14 1 +1
Sum Navarre (NA+) 99,078 0.41 ±0.00 2 ±0
Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) 68,830 0.28 +0.08 1 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 35,042 0.14 −0.04 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 27,272 0.11 +0.03 0 ±0
Teruel Exists (¡TE!) 19,761 0.08 New 1 +1
More Left (Més–MxMe–esquerra)3 18,295 0.08 −0.02 0 ±0
Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) 14,046 0.06 +0.02 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 13,828 0.06 −0.01 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 13,029 0.05 ±0.00 0 ±0
Yes to the Future (GBai) 12,709 0.05 −0.04 0 ±0
Leonese People's Union (UPL) 10,243 0.04 New 0 ±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 9,725 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0
Coalition for Melilla (CpM) 8,955 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB) 5,970 0.02 −0.01 0 ±0
For Ávila (XAV) 5,416 0.02 New 0 ±0
Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV) 5,416 0.02 −0.01 0 ±0
The Greens (Verdes) 3,287 0.01 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 3,150 0.01 −0.01 0 ±0
Feminist Initiative (IFem) 3,005 0.01 New 0 ±0
We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES) 2,339 0.01 −0.01 0 ±0
We Are Region (Somos Región) 2,328 0.01 −0.01 0 ±0
Left in Positive (IZQP) 2,325 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
Canaries Now (ANC–UP) 2,032 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
With You, We Are Democracy (Contigo) 2,015 0.01 New 0 ±0
Aragonese Union (CHA) 2,000 0.01 New 0 ±0
Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) 1,466 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
United Extremadura (EU) 1,347 0.01 New 0 ±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE) 1,259 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0
Libertarian Party (P–LIB) 1,171 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Social Aragonese Movement (MAS) 1,068 0.00 New 0 ±0
United–Acting for Democracy (Unidos SI–ACPS–DEf) 1,067 0.00 New 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 941 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0
Andecha Astur (Andecha) 887 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC) 819 0.00 New 0 ±0
Puyalón (PYLN) 630 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 616 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
At Once Valencian Community (aUna CV) 585 0.00 New 0 ±0
Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista) 530 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Andalusian Convergence (CAnda) 520 0.00 New 0 ±0
Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) 461 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) 270 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) 249 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Centered (centrados) 234 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Plural Democracy (DPL) 214 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) 113 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
XXI Convergence (C21) 72 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Union of Everyone (UdT) 26 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Blank ballots 217,227 0.90 +0.14
Total 24,258,228 350 ±0
Valid votes 24,258,228 98.98 +0.03
Invalid votes 249,487 1.02 −0.03
Votes cast / turnout 24,507,715 66.23 −5.53
Abstentions 12,493,664 33.77 +5.53
Registered voters 37,001,379
Sources
Footnotes:
  • 1 More Commitment results are compared to Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo totals in the April 2019 election.
  • 2 Canarian Coalition–New Canaries results are compared to the combined totals of Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party and New Canaries in the April 2019 election.
  • 3 More Left results are compared to Progressive Voices totals in the April 2019 election.
Popular vote
PSOE
 
 28.00%
PP
 
 20.81%
Vox
 
 15.08%
Unidas Podemos
 
 12.86%
Cs
 
 6.80%
ERC–Sob.
 
 3.63%
Más País
 
 2.40%
JxCat–Junts
 
 2.19%
EAJ/PNV
 
 1.56%
EH Bildu
 
 1.14%
CUP–PR
 
 1.02%
CCa–PNC–NC
 
 0.51%
BNG
 
 0.50%
NA+
 
 0.41%
PRC
 
 0.28%
¡TE!
 
 0.08%
Others
 
 2.73%
Blank ballots
 
 0.90%
Seats
PSOE
 
 34.29%
PP
 
 25.43%
Vox
 
 14.86%
Unidas Podemos
 
 10.00%
ERC–Sob.
 
 3.71%
Cs
 
 2.86%
JxCat–Junts
 
 2.29%
EAJ/PNV
 
 1.71%
EH Bildu
 
 1.43%
Más País
 
 0.86%
CUP–PR
 
 0.57%
CCa–PNC–NC
 
 0.57%
NA+
 
 0.57%
BNG
 
 0.29%
PRC
 
 0.29%
¡TE!
 
 0.29%

Senate

← Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 19,481,846 30.62 +1.29 93 −30
People's Party (PP) 17,074,301 26.84 +7.68 83 +29
United We Can (Unidas Podemos) 7,884,444 12.39 −0.38 0 ±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 5,993,304 9.42 −0.25 0 ±0
In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) 1,440,373 2.26 +0.15 0 ±0
In Common–United We Can (Podemos–EU) 450,767 0.71 −0.03 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 4,951,350 7.78 −7.07 0 −4
Vox (Vox) 3,229,631 5.08 −3.27 2 +2
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 3,054,285 4.80 +0.41 11 ±0
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 3,040,779 4.78 +0.40 11 ±0
Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) 11,894 0.02 +0.01 0 ±0
Republican Left (esquerra)1 1,612 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts) 1,689,482 2.66 +0.53 3 +1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 1,152,440 1.81 +0.16 9 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 977,844 1.54 −0.30 0 ±0
More Country (Más País) 960,287 1.51 New 0 ±0
More Commitment (Més Compromís)2 474,607 0.75 −0.05 0 ±0
More Country–Equo (Más País–Equo) 384,728 0.60 New 0 ±0
More Country–Aragonese Union–Equo (Más País–CHA–Equo) 51,532 0.08 New 0 ±0
More Country (Más País) 49,420 0.08 New 0 ±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 842,993 1.33 +0.43 1 ±0
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) 411,948 0.65 +0.18 0 ±0
Sum Navarre (NA+) 309,357 0.49 +0.04 3 ±0
Canarian Coalition–New Canaries (CCa–PNC–NC)3 220,299 0.35 −0.09 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) 176,740 0.28 +0.06 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 128,201 0.20 −0.04 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 70,514 0.11 +0.02 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 69,326 0.11 +0.04 0 ±0
Teruel Exists (¡TE!) 57,340 0.09 New 2 +2
Yes to the Future (GBai)4 52,076 0.08 n/a 0 ±0
Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) 50,663 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0
Leonese People's Union (UPL) 41,773 0.07 New 0 ±0
More Left (Més–esquerra) 37,727 0.06 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 28,052 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB) 26,258 0.04 ±0.00 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 22,767 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0
For Ávila (XAV) 21,340 0.03 New 0 ±0
Coalition for Melilla (CpM) 17,427 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0
Feminist Initiative (IFem) 14,139 0.02 New 0 ±0
Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV) 13,099 0.02 −0.01 0 ±0
We Are Region (Somos Región) 12,888 0.02 −0.01 0 ±0
Aragonese Union (CHA) 7,622 0.01 New 0 ±0
We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES) 7,058 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
United Extremadura (EU) 7,021 0.01 New 0 ±0
Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) 7,015 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 6,350 0.01 −0.01 0 ±0
Canaries Now (ANC–UP) 6,196 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
Left in Positive (IZQP) 4,786 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
Andecha Astur (Andecha) 4,518 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
With You, We Are Democracy (Contigo) 4,276 0.01 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 4,179 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0
Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) 3,628 0.01 ±0.00 1 ±0
More for Menorca (MxMe) 3,310 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0
Libertarian Party (P–LIB) 2,331 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0
Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) 2,327 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0
Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista) 2,307 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
The Greens (Verdes) 1,862 0.00 New 0 ±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE) 1,557 0.00 New 0 ±0
Social Aragonese Movement (MAS) 1,514 0.00 New 0 ±0
Aragonese Land (TA) 1,509 0.00 New 0 ±0
Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC) 1,439 0.00 New 0 ±0
Puyalón (PYLN) 1,373 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
At Once Valencian Community (aUna CV) 1,115 0.00 New 0 ±0
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) 974 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) 855 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Centered (centrados) 734 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Plural Democracy (DPL) 428 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
United–Acting for Democracy (Unidos SI–ACPS–DEf) 401 0.00 New 0 ±0
XXI Convergence (C21) 257 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Union of Everyone (UdT) 79 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 451,449 1.89 +0.18
Total 63,619,307 208 ±0
Valid votes 23,825,576 97.70 −0.28
Invalid votes 561,601 2.30 +0.28
Votes cast / turnout 24,387,177 65.91 −5.41
Abstentions 12,614,202 34.09 +5.41
Registered voters 37,001,379
Sources
Footnotes:
  • 1 Republican Left results are compared to Now Ibiza and Formentera totals in the April 2019 election.
  • 2 More Commitment results are compared to Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo totals in the April 2019 election.
  • 3 Canarian Coalition–New Canaries results are compared to the combined totals of Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party and New Canaries in the April 2019 election.
  • 4 Within the Change alliance in the April 2019 election.
Popular vote
PSOE
 
 30.62%
PP
 
 26.84%
Unidas Podemos
 
 12.39%
Cs
 
 7.78%
Vox
 
 5.08%
ERC–Sob.
 
 4.80%
JxCat–Junts
 
 2.66%
EAJ/PNV
 
 1.81%
PACMA
 
 1.54%
Más País
 
 1.51%
EH Bildu
 
 1.33%
NA+
 
 0.49%
¡TE!
 
 0.09%
ASG
 
 0.01%
Others
 
 2.36%
Blank ballots
 
 1.89%
Seats
PSOE
 
 44.71%
PP
 
 39.90%
ERC–Sob.
 
 5.29%
EAJ/PNV
 
 4.33%
JxCat–Junts
 
 1.44%
NA+
 
 1.44%
Vox
 
 0.96%
¡TE!
 
 0.96%
EH Bildu
 
 0.48%
ASG
 
 0.48%

Maps

Elected legislators

Aftermath

Reactions

On 11 November, the day after the election, Albert Rivera resigned as leader of Citizens (Cs) after the party lost over 80% of its seats in the Congress and one-third of its seats in the Senate (mainly to Vox and the PP), and announced his intention to give up the Congress seat to which he had been elected, and retire from politics entirely. The PP recovered around one-third of the seats it had lost in the Congress in the April 2019 election, and almost half of the Senate seats it had lost on that occasion. The right-wing nationalist Vox party saw its seats in the Congress more than double, and it won its first directly elected Senate seats. Más País gained two seats in the Congress from Madrid (one from the PSOE and one from Podemos), while the leftist and Catalan nationalist Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) gained its first seats in the national legislature after choosing to participate at the national level for the first time.

Government formation

On 7 January 2020, Pedro Sánchez was confirmed as prime minister by the Congress of Deputies.

Investiture
Congress of Deputies
Nomination of Pedro Sánchez (PSOE)
Ballot → 5 January 2020 7 January 2020
Required majority → 176 out of 350 N Simple Y
Yes
  • • PSOE (120)
  • • UP–ECP–GeC (35) (34 on 5 Jan)
  • • PNV (6)
  • • Más País (2)
  • • Compromís (1)
  • • NCa (1)
  • • BNG (1)
  • • ¡TE! (1)
166 / 350
167 / 350
No
  • • PP (88)
  • • Vox (52)
  • • Cs (10)
  • • JxCat (8)
  • • CUP (2)
  • • UPN (2)
  • • CCa (1)
  • • PRC (1)
  • • FAC (1)
165 / 350
165 / 350
Abstentions
  • • ERC (13)
  • • EH Bildu (5)
18 / 350
18 / 350
Absentees
  • • UP–ECP–GeC (1) (on 5 Jan)
1 / 350
0 / 350
Sources

2020 motion of no confidence

Motion of no confidence
Congress of Deputies
Nomination of Santiago Abascal (Vox)
Ballot → 22 October 2020
Required majority → 176 out of 350 N
Yes
  • • Vox (52)
52 / 350
No
  • • PSOE (120)
  • • PP (88)
  • • UP–ECP–GeC (35)
  • • ERC (13)
  • • Cs (10)
  • • PNV (6)
  • • EH Bildu (5)
  • • Junts (4)
  • • PDeCAT (4)
  • • Más País (2)
  • • CUP (2)
  • • UPN (2)
  • • Compromís (1)
  • • CCa (1)
  • • NCa (1)
  • • BNG (1)
  • • PRC (1)
  • • FAC (1)
  • • ¡TE! (1)
298 / 350
Abstentions
0 / 350
Absentees
0 / 350
Sources

2023 motion of no confidence

In February 2023, Ramón Tamames, a former member of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE), aged 89 at that moment, put himself forward to be an independent candidate for prime minister if a Vox-proposed motion of no confidence were successful. The motion failed on 22 March with 52 votes in favour (Vox plus one independent), 91 abstentions (People's Party plus one independent) and 201 votes against.

Motion of no confidence
Congress of Deputies
Nomination of Ramón Tamames (INDEP)
Ballot → 22 March 2023
Required majority → 175 out of 349 N
Yes
  • • Vox (52)
  • • INDEP (1)
53 / 350
No
  • • PSOE (120)
  • • UP–ECP–GeC (30)
  • • ERC (13)
  • • CS (9)
  • • PNV (6)
  • • EH Bildu (4)
  • • JxCat (4)
  • • PDeCAT (4)
  • • Más País (2)
  • • CUP (2)
  • • CCa (2)
  • • Compromís (1)
  • • BNG (1)
  • • PRC (1)
  • • TE (1)
  • • INDEP (1)
201 / 350
Abstentions
  • • PP (88)
  • • PN (2)
  • • Foro (1)
91 / 350
Absentees
  • • UP–ECP–GeC (3)
  • • EH Bildu (1)
4 / 350
Sources

Bibliography

  • Constitución Española (Constitution). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 27 December 1978 [version as of 27 September 2011]. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  • Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 19 June 1985 [version as of 25 June 2019]. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  • Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

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