The Philippines is one of the state opponents of the militant group, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), more commonly referred to by the local media as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
| Islamic State insurgency in the Philippines | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Moro conflict, the War against the Islamic State, and Civil conflict in the Philippines | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
Supported by:
Foreign supporters:
| Islamic State
| ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Bongbong Marcos (President of the Philippines) Gilbert Teodoro (Defense Secretary) Romeo Brawner Jr. (Armed Forces chief) Jose Melencio Nartatez (National Police chief) | Esmail Sheikh Abdulmalik (aka Abu Toraife) (POW) Isnilon Hapilon † Omar Maute † Abdullah Maute † Mohammad Maguid † | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Armed Forces of the Philippines
Philippine National Police
U.S. special operations forces (technical assistance) | Military of ISIL | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Almost 240+ killed | Almost 1,680+ killed | ||||||
| 165+ civilians dead | |||||||
ISIL maintains operations in the Philippines through local jihadist groups – Maute group, Abu Sayyaf, Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and Ansar Khalifa Philippines. They follow the school of thought of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab or commonly known as Wahhabism. The groups pledged allegiance to ISIS in 2014 or the following years.
ISIL has been linked to increased suicide bombings by Filipino nationals in 2018 and 2019, a method which has been rarely carried out in the Philippines and the few successfully carried out done by foreigners. They were suspected to be involved in the 2018 Lamitan, 2019 Jolo Cathedral and Indanan bombings.
Main events timeline
2014
On July 23, Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon pledged allegiance to ISIL through a video posted on YouTube. This is an indication of ISIL presence in the Philippines.
2015
In April, the Wahhabi Maute group pledged allegiance to ISIL along with the Ansar Khalifa Philippines terrorist organization, vowing to provide support for each other. The Maute Group was a strong manifestation of the rise of family terrorism in the Philippines.
On November 16, When the APEC Summit was to be held in Manila, a video of men in masks with ISIL black flag behind them is posted on Facebook, claiming "ISIL in Mindanao" will attack the summit.
2017
May 23
A video discovered on a cellphone seized by AFP during a raid on a safe house in Marawi shows militants including Hapilon and Maute brothers were planning attack on Marawi. The attack was the 4th step for them to gain the approval of the ISIL leadership,"requires the conduct of widespread atrocities and uprisings all across Mindanao."
June 1
Eight foreign militants had been killed in Marawi, five of which they have identified as Malaysian, Indonesian, Saudi Arabian, Yemeni and a Chechen.
- October 16
Isnilon Hapilon and Omar Maute was reportedly killed.
October 19
The Malaysian terrorist Mahmud Ahmad who helped finance the Marawi siege and recruit foreign fighters was killed.
2023
September 21
Three farmers were killed in a gun attack in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte.
December 3
ISIS claimed responsibility for the Mindanao State University bombing.
2024
April 19
Philippine forces killed an Islamic State militant, who had been implicated in past beheadings, including of 10 Filipino marines and two kidnapped Vietnamese, in a clash in the south.
December 17
Three members of the Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP) were killed in an ambush in Basilan province, authorities said Tuesday.
ISIL's support
In March 2016, training manuals, bandanas with ISIL inscriptions and other documents for militants under the ISIL were recovered after the military captured a Maute group camp, indicating that the group may be trying to link up with ISIL.
On June 21, 2016, ISIL released a video entitled "The Solid Structure" recognized Abu Sayyaf leader Hapilon as the mujahid authorized to lead the jihadists in the Philippines, and designated him as the emir for Southeast Asia. The video also urged aspiring members who can't go to the Middle East to fight for ISIL in the Philippines instead.
In August 2017, another video released by ISIL asks would-be fighters to go to the Philippines, especially the Marawi City where militants were under siege of the government forces.
Filipino members of ISIL
- Omar Maute
(Maute group) - Abdullah Maute
(Maute group)
Involvement of Filipino citizens in ISIL has been reported as early as 2014. According to the Daily Mail citing undisclosed Kurdish sources that a Filipino national was among the ISIL members who appeared in a beheading video of American aid worker Peter Kassig and 18 Syrian soldiers uploaded in YouTube. The Philippine military said that the report could not be verified and said that there was no ISIL recruitment in the Philippines at that time. The Department of Foreign Affairs during this time has been receiving unverified reports of Filipinos training to fight for ISIL in Syria.
In June 2016, ISIL released a video where three of its members, a Filipino, an Indonesian and a Malaysian urged aspiring members who can't go to the Middle East to fight for ISIL in the Philippines instead. In January 2017, Rappler reports that the Filipino member was identified as Mohammad Reza Kiram, a 21-year old who was the first verified member in ISIL fighting in Syria.
Non-state opponents of ISIL in the Philippines
Aside from the Philippine government, ISIL and its affiliate groups in the Philippines has received armed opposition from other local groups in the country:
- Moro National Liberation Front
- Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Related clashes
The following are the list of battle and clashes involving the jihadist groups since they respectively pledged allegiance to ISIS:
- January 2015 Mamasapano clash
- 2016 Butig clashes
- April 2016 Battle of Tipo-Tipo
- Summer 2016 Sulu and Basilan Clashes
- January 2017 Kidapawan jail siege (suspected involvement)
- May 2017 Bohol clashes
- May 2017 Battle of Marawi
Related terrorist incidents
- 2014 Bukidnon bus bombing (suspected involvement of BIFF)
- 2016 Davao City bombing (suspected involvement of Maute Group)
- 2018 Isulan bombings (suspected involvement of BIFF)
- 2018 Lamitan bombing (suspected involvement of Abu Sayyaf)
- 2023 Mindanao State University bombing (Maute Involvement)
Public opinion on ISIL
In a poll conducted between February 16 to May 8, 2017, the Pew Research Center says that 70% among the Filipinos questioned view ISIL as a major threat to the Philippines ahead of global climate change (65%) and cyberattacks (64%).
Casualties
The chart below gives the information of casualties since the jihadist groups respectively pledged allegiance to ISIS.
| Year | Government forces | Civilians | Abu Sayyaf | Maute Group | BIFF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 |
| 27 killed, in the whole year | |||
| 2015 | 44 killed(Mamasapano clash) |
| 133 killed,(only in Sulu) in the whole year |
| |
| 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2017 |
| 149 killed? (before May 17) 94 killed?(in the first half of the year) |
| ||
| Battle of Marawi | 168 killed | 87 dead | 978 killed | ||
| Total | 240+ killed | 165+ dead | 1681 - 1740+ killed | ||
Note: Some casualties from small-scale conflicts or terrorist incidents are not given.
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