Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War

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Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought the creation of independent nation states that were not aligned with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the dissolution of the Russian Empire and fought in the Russian Civil War.

The following list presents some of the pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.

Western periphery

  • Finland (independence from 1917)
    • White Guard
    • Kingdom of Finland
    • Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
Finnish Civil War
Heimosodat
Viena expedition
Aunus expedition
  • United Baltic Duchy
    • Baltic State (Lasted from April to September 1918)
    • Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
  • Estonia (independence from 1918)
Estonian War of Independence
  • Latvia (independence from 1918)
    • Latvian Provisional Government
    • Iskolat
    • Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Latvian War of Independence
  • Lithuania (independence from 1918)
    • Perloja
    • Republic of Vandžiogala
    • Republic of Babtai
    • Central Lithuania[pro-Polish]
    • Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Lithuanian Wars of Independence
Polish–Lithuanian War
  •  Poland (independence from 1918)
    • Zakopane
    • Tarnobrzeg
Polish–Ukrainian War
Polish–Soviet War
Polish–Lithuanian War
  • Soviet Republic of Naissaar
  • West Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1918–1919/1923; annexed by Poland in 1919)[pro-West]
  • Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1917–1921; partitioned between Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and the Ukrainian SSR)[pro-East]
    • Ukrainian State
    • Komancza (Eastern Lemko Republic) [pro-Ukrainian]
    • Hutsul
    • Kholodny Yar Republic
    • Mliivska Republic (uk)
    • Republic of the Black Forest (uk)
    • Medvyn Rebellion
    • Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
    • Odessa Soviet Republic
    • Bashtanka Republic (uk)
    • Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
    • Ukrainian Soviet Republic
Ukrainian War of Independence
Ukrainian–Soviet War
Polish–Ukrainian War

European Russia

  • East European Russia
    • Bashkiria (autonomy and de facto independence 1917–1919; joined the Russian SFSR)
    • Chuvashia (Independence 1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR )
    • Idel-Ural (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
    • Provisional Regional Government of the Urals (independence 1918; joined the Russian SFSR)
  • North European Russia
    • North Ingria
    • Committee of Uhtua
    • Republic of Uhtua
    • Provisional Government of White Karelia
    • Provisional Government of Karelia
    • Olonets Government of Southern Karelia
    • Karelian United Government
    • Republic of Eastern Karelia
    • Karelian Temporary Committee
    • Center Committee Karelian Village of Uhtua
  • South European Russia
    • Kuban Rada (formed into April, 1917. Became the Kuban People's Republic in 1918)
    • Kuban People's Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
    • Don Republic (independence 1918–1919; annexed by the Russian SFSR)

Eastern periphery

    • Siberian regionalism
      • Siberian Republic
    • Buryat-Mongolia
    • Balagad state
    • Confederated Republic of Altai
      • "second" Confederated Republic of Altai
    • Yakutia
    • Green Ukraine
    • Tungus Republic
    • Far Eastern Republic. (nominally independent 1920–1922; merged with the RSFSR)


Caucasus

  • Transcaucasia
  • Azerbaijan (independence 1918–1920; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR)
    • Republic of Aras
Armenian–Azerbaijani War
Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
  •  Armenia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Armenian SSR)
    • Mountainous Armenia
Georgian–Armenian War
Armenian–Azerbaijani War
Turkish–Armenian War
  • Georgia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Georgian SSR)
Georgian–Ossetian conflict
Georgian–Armenian War
Sochi conflict
Red Army invasion of Georgia
  • Republic of Batumi (ru; ka)
  • Kars Republic
  • Caucasian Emirate
  • Mughan
    • Mughan Soviet Republic
  • Baku Commune
  • Centrocaspian Dictatorship
Battle of Baku

Central Asia

  • Basmachi
  • Alash Autonomy
  • Khiva
    • Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
  • Emirate of Bukhara
    • Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
  • Turkestan Autonomy
  • Ukrainian national movement on Gray Klyn (1917-1921) (uk)
  • Transcaspian Government
  • Semirechye Cossacks

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