The Southern Federal District (Russian: Южный федеральный округ, IPA: [ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Southern Russia. The Southern Federal District shares borders with Ukraine, the Azov Sea, and the Black Sea in the west, and Kazakhstan and the Caspian Sea in the east.
Southern Federal District Южный федеральный округ | |
|---|---|
Interactive map of Southern Federal District | |
| Coordinates: 47°N 42°E / 47°N 42°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Established | 13 May 2000 |
| Administrative centre | Rostov-on-Don |
| Largest city | Krasnodar |
| Government | |
| • Presidential Envoy | Vladimir Ustinov |
| Area | |
• Total | 447,821 km2 (172,905 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 7th |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
• Total | 16,319,253 |
| • Rank | 4th |
| • Density | 36.4415/km2 (94.3830/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 62.4% |
| • Rural | 37.6% |
| GDP | |
| • Total | ₽ 9.816 trillion US$ 140 billion (2022) |
| • Per capita | ₽ 588,461 US$ 8,419 (2022) |
| Federal constituent entity | 6 contained (12 if including disputed oblasts and republics) |
| Economic regions | 1 contained (2 if containing disputed oblasts and republics) |
| HDI (2022) | 0.764 high · 7th |
| Website | ufo |
History
The Southern Federal District was originally called the North Caucasian Federal District when it was founded on 13 May 2000, but was renamed for political reasons on 21 June 2000. On 19 January 2010, the Southern Federal District was split in two, with its former southern territories forming a new North Caucasian Federal District.
On 28 July 2016, Crimean Federal District (which contains the Republic of Crimea and the Federal city of Sevastopol) was abolished and merged into Southern Federal District in order to "improve the governance". Crimean Federal District was established on 21 March 2014 after the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. The federal district includes both the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, both recognized as part of Ukraine by most of the international community. Its population was 13,854,334 (62.4% urban) according to the 2010 Census, living in an area of 420,900 square kilometers (162,500 sq mi).
Demographics
Federal constituent entities
An official government translation of the constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krays, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation." A translation provided by Garant-Internet instead uses the term "subjects of the Russian Federation".
Tom Fennell, a translator, told the 2008 American Translators Association conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation" is a better translation than "subject". This was supported by Tamara Nekrasova, Head of Translation Department at Goltsblat BLP, saying in a 2011 presentation at a translators conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation is more appropriate than subject of the Russian Federation (subject would be OK for a monarchy)".
| # | Flag | Coat of Arms | Constituent entities | Area in km2 | Population | Capital/administrative center | Map of Administrative Division |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Republic of Adygea | 7,800 | 496,934 | Maykop | |||
| 2 | Astrakhan Oblast | 49,000 | 960,142 | Astrakhan | |||
| 3 | Republic of Kalmykia | 74,700 | 267,133 | Elista | |||
| 4 | Krasnodar Krai | 75,500 | 5,838,273 | Krasnodar | |||
| 5 | Rostov Oblast | 101,000 | 4,200,729 | Rostov-on-Don | |||
| 6 | Volgograd Oblast | 112,900 | 2,500,781 | Volgograd | |||
| Disputed territories | |||||||
| A | Republic of Crimea | 26,100 | 1,934,630 | Simferopol | |||
| B | Sevastopol | 900 | 547,820 | Sevastopol | |||
| |||||||
Ethnic groups
Ethnic composition, according to the 2010 census: Total - 13 854 334 people.
- Russians - 11,602,452 (83.75%)
- Armenians - 442,505 (3.19%)
- Ukrainians - 212 674 (1.54%)
- Kazakhs - 205 364 (1.48%)
- Kalmyks - 172,242 (1.24%)
- Tatars - 127,455 (0.92%)
- Adyghe (Circassian) - 121 391 (0.88%)
- Azerbaijanis - 52 871 (0.38%)
- Turks - 51,367 (0.37%)
- Roma - 46,067 (0.33%)
- Belarusians - 44 723 (0.32%)
- Chechens - 34,593 (0.25%)
- Georgians - 31,018 (0.22%)
- Germans - 29 312 (0.21%)
- Koreans - 27,640 (0.20%)
- Greeks - 27,313 (0.20%)
- Dargins - 24 815 (0.18%)
- Uzbeks - 16 361 (0.12%)
- Avars - 16,061 (0.12%)
- Moldovans - 15 888 (0.11%)
- Lezgins - 15 241 (0.11%)
- Chuvash - 12 329 (0.09%)
- Kurds - 12,056 (0.09%)
- Bashkirs - 4 942 (0.06%)
- Persons who did not indicate their nationality: 240 609 people. (1.74%)
- Representatives of other nationalities: 729,572 people. (5.26%)
Life expectancy
Presidential plenipotentiary envoys
| № | Name (envoy) | Photo | Term of office | Appointed by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of term | End of term | Length of service | ||||
| 1 | Viktor Kazantsev | 18 May 2000 | 9 March 2004 | 3 years, 296 days (1,391 days) | Vladimir Putin | |
| 2 | Vladimir Yakovlev | 9 March 2004 | 13 September 2004 | 188 days | ||
| 3 | Dmitry Kozak | 13 September 2004 | 24 September 2007 | 3 years, 11 days (1,106 days) | ||
| 4 | Grigory Rapota | 24 September 2007 | 14 May 2008 | 233 days | ||
| 5 | Vladimir Ustinov | 14 May 2008 | present | 17 years, 207 days (6,416 days) | Dmitry Medvedev | |
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