The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operation are the House Ways and Means Committee and the House Rules Committee. The committee has served as the principal guide for the House in matters relating to the promotion of commerce and to the public's health and marketplace interests, with the relatively recent addition of energy considerations among them. Due to its broad jurisdiction, it is considered one of the most powerful committees in the House.
| Standing committee | |
|---|---|
| Active United States House of Representatives 119th Congress | |
U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce official seal | |
| History | |
| Formed | December 14, 1795 |
| Leadership | |
| Chair | Brett Guthrie (R) Since January 3, 2025 |
| Ranking member | Frank Pallone (D) Since January 3, 2023 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 52 |
| Political parties | Majority (29)
|
| Website | |
| energycommerce democrats-energycommerce | |
Role of the committee
The House Committee on Energy and Commerce has developed what is arguably the broadest (non-tax-oriented) jurisdiction of any congressional committee. The committee maintains principal responsibility for legislative oversight relating to telecommunications, consumer protection, food and drug safety, public health, air quality and environmental health, the supply and delivery of energy, and interstate and foreign commerce. This jurisdiction extends over five Cabinet-level departments and seven independent agencies—from the Department of Energy, Health and Human Services, the Transportation Department to the Federal Trade Commission, Food and Drug Administration, and Federal Communications Commission—and sundry quasi-governmental organizations.
Jurisdiction
The Energy and Commerce Committee has the broadest jurisdiction of any authorizing committee in Congress. It legislates on a wide variety of issues, including:
- health care, including mental health and substance abuse
- health insurance, including Medicare and Medicaid
- biomedical research and development
- food, drug, device and cosmetic safety
- environmental protection
- clean air and climate change
- safe drinking water
- toxic chemicals and hazardous waste
- national energy policy
- renewable energy and conservation
- nuclear facilities
- electronic communications and the internet
- broadcast and cable television
- privacy, cybersecurity and data security
- consumer protection and product safety
- motor vehicle safety
- travel, tourism and sports
- interstate and foreign commerce
Members, 119th Congress
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
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Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 13 (Chair), H.Res. 14 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 21 (R), H.Res. 22 (D), H.Res. 40 (Menendez)
Subcommittees
To manage the wide variety of issues it encounters, the committee relies on the front-line work of six subcommittees, one more than during the 111th Congress. During the 111th Congress, Henry Waxman combined the traditionally separate energy and environment subcommittees into a single subcommittee. Fred Upton restored them as separate subcommittees at the start of the 112th Congress, and they have been retained to this day.
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Richard Hudson (R-NC) | Doris Matsui (D-CA) |
| Energy | Bob Latta (R-OH) | Kathy Castor (D-FL) |
| Environment | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) | Paul Tonko (D-NY) |
| Health | Buddy Carter (R-GA) | Diana DeGette (D-CO) |
| Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Gary Palmer (R-AL) | Yvette Clarke (D-NY) |
Historical membership rosters
118th Congress
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
|
|
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 14 (Chair), H.Res. 15 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 56 (R), H.Res. 57 (D), H.Res. 1133 (R)
- Subcommittees
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Bob Latta (R-OH) | Doris Matsui (D-CA) |
| Energy, Climate and Grid Security | Jeff Duncan (R-SC) | Diana DeGette (D-CO) |
| Environment, Manufacturing and Critical Minerals | Bill Johnson (R-OH) | Paul Tonko (D-NY) |
| Health | Brett Guthrie (R-KY) | Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA) |
| Innovation, Data and Commerce | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) | Kathy Castor (D-FL) |
117th Congress
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
|
|
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 9 (Chair), H.Res. 10 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 62 (D), H.Res. 63 (R)
- Subcommittees
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Mike Doyle (D-PA) | Bob Latta (R-OH) |
| Consumer Protection and Commerce | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) |
| Energy | Bobby Rush (D-IL) | Fred Upton (R-MI) |
| Environment and Climate Change | Paul Tonko (D-NY) | David McKinley (R-WV) |
| Health | Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA) | Brett Guthrie (R-KY) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Diana DeGette (D-CO) | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) |
116th Congress
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
|
|
Sources: H.Res. 7 (Chair), H.Res. 8 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 42 (D), H.Res. 68 (R)
- Subcommittees
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Mike Doyle (D-PA) | Bob Latta (R-OH) |
| Consumer Protection and Commerce | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) |
| Energy | Bobby Rush (D-IL) | Fred Upton (R-MI) |
| Environment and Climate Change | Paul Tonko (D-NY) | David McKinley (R-WV) |
| Health | Anna Eshoo (D-CA) | Brett Guthrie (R-KY) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Diana DeGette (D-CO) | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) |
115th Congress
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
|
|
Sources: H.Res. 6 (Chair), H.Res. 7 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 29 (R) and H.Res. 45 (D).
114th Congress
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
|
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History
The committee was originally formed as the Committee on Commerce and Manufactures on December 14, 1795. Prior to this, legislation was drafted in the Committee of the Whole or in special ad hoc committees, appointed for specific limited purposes. However the growing demands of the new nation required that Congress establish a permanent committee to manage its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause to "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States."
From this time forward, as the nation grew and Congress dealt with new public policy concerns and created new committees, the Energy and Commerce Committee has maintained its central position as Congress's monitor of commercial progress—a focus reflected in its changing jurisdiction, both in name and practice.
In 1819, the committee's name was changed to the Committee on Commerce, reflecting the creation of a separate Manufacturers Committee and also the increasing scope of and complexity of American commercial activity, which was expanding the committee's jurisdiction from navigational aids and the nascent general health service to foreign trade and tariffs. Thomas J. Bliley, who chaired the committee from 1995 to 2000, chose to use this traditional name, which underscores the committee's role for Congress on this front.
In 1891, in emphasis of the committee's evolving activities, the name was again changed to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce—a title it maintained until 1981, when, under incoming Chair John Dingell, the committee first assumed what is now its present name to emphasize its lead role in guiding the energy policy of the United States. Dingell regained leading of the committee in 2007 after having served as ranking member since 1995. In late 2008, Henry Waxman initiated a successful challenge to unseat Dingell as chair. His challenge was unusual as the party caucus traditionally elects chairs based on committee seniority. Waxman formally became chair at the start of the 111th Congress.
Leadership
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (September 2025) |
A list of former chairs is below.
Committee on Commerce and Manufactures (1795–1819)
| Name | Party | State | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | Massachusetts | 1795 | 1796 |
| John Swanwick | Democratic-Republican | Pennsylvania | 1796 | 1797 |
| Edward Livingston | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1797 | 1798 |
| Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | Maryland | 1798 | 1803 |
| Samuel Mitchill | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1803 | 1805 |
| Jacob Crowninshield | Democratic-Republican | Massachusetts | 1805 | 1806 |
| Gurdon Mumford | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1806 | 1807 |
| Thomas Newton | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 1807 | 1819 |
Committee on Commerce (1819–1891)
| Name | Party | State | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Newton | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 1819 | 1827 |
| Churchill Cambreleng | Democratic | New York | 1827 | 1833 |
| Joel Sutherland | Democratic | Pennsylvania | 1833 | 1837 |
| Francis Smith | Democratic | Maine | 1837 | 1838 |
| Samuel Cushman | Democratic | New Hampshire | 1838 | 1839 |
| Edward Curtis | Whig | New York | 1839 | 1841 |
| John Kennedy | Whig | Maryland | 1841 | 1843 |
| Isaac Holmes | Democratic | South Carolina | 1843 | 1845 |
| Robert McClelland | Democratic | Michigan | 1845 | 1847 |
| Washington Hunt | Whig | New York | 1847 | 1849 |
| Robert McLane | Democratic | Maryland | 1849 | 1851 |
| David Seymour | Democratic | New York | 1851 | 1853 |
| Thomas Fuller | Democratic | Maine | 1853 | 1855 |
| Elihu Washburne | Republican | Illinois | 1855 | 1857 |
| John Cochrane | Democratic | New York | 1857 | 1859 |
| Elihu Washburne | Republican | Illinois | 1859 | 1868 |
| Thomas Eliot | Republican | Massachusetts | 1868 | 1869 |
| Nathan Dixon | Republican | Rhode Island | 1869 | 1871 |
| Samuel Shellabarger | Republican | Ohio | 1871 | 1873 |
| William Wheeler | Republican | New York | 1873 | 1875 |
| Frank Hereford | Democratic | West Virginia | 1875 | 1877 |
| Elijah Ward | Democratic | New York | 1877 | |
| John Reagan | Democratic | Texas | 1877 | 1881 |
| Horace Page | Republican | California | 1881 | 1883 |
| John Reagan | Democratic | Texas | 1883 | 1887 |
| Martin Clardy | Democratic | Missouri | 1887 | 1889 |
| Charles Baker | Republican | New York | 1889 | 1891 |
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (1891–1981)
| Name | Party | State | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roger Mills | Democratic | Texas | 1891 | 1892 |
| George Wise | Democratic | Virginia | 1892 | 1895 |
| William Hepburn | Republican | Iowa | 1895 | 1909 |
| James Mann | Republican | Illinois | 1909 | 1911 |
| William Adamson | Democratic | Georgia | 1911 | 1917 |
| Thetus Sims | Democratic | Tennessee | 1917 | 1919 |
| John Esch | Republican | Wisconsin | 1919 | 1921 |
| Samuel Winslow | Republican | Massachusetts | 1921 | 1925 |
| James Parker | Republican | New York | 1925 | 1931 |
| Sam Rayburn | Democratic | Texas | 1931 | 1937 |
| Clarence Lea | Democratic | California | 1937 | 1947 |
| Charles Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1947 | 1949 |
| Robert Crosser | Democratic | Ohio | 1949 | 1953 |
| Charles Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1953 | 1955 |
| Percy Priest | Democratic | Tennessee | 1955 | 1956 |
| Oren Harris | Democratic | Arkansas | 1957 | 1966 |
| Harley Staggers | Democratic | West Virginia | 1966 | 1981 |
| Name | Party | State | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarence Lea | Democratic | California | 1947 | 1949 |
| Charles Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1949 | 1953 |
| Robert Crosser | Democratic | Ohio | 1953 | 1955 |
| Charles Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1955 | 1959 |
| John Bennett | Republican | Michigan | 1959 | 1964 |
| William Springer | Republican | Illinois | 1964 | 1973 |
| Samuel Devine | Republican | Ohio | 1973 | 1981 |
Committee on Energy and Commerce (1981–present)
| Name | Party | State | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 1981 | 1995 |
| Thomas Bliley | Republican | Virginia | 1995 | 2001 |
| Billy Tauzin | Republican | Louisiana | 2001 | 2004 |
| Joe Barton | Republican | Texas | 2004 | 2007 |
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 2007 | 2009 |
| Henry Waxman | Democratic | California | 2009 | 2011 |
| Fred Upton | Republican | Michigan | 2011 | 2017 |
| Greg Walden | Republican | Oregon | 2017 | 2019 |
| Frank Pallone | Democratic | New Jersey | 2019 | 2023 |
| Cathy McMorris Rodgers | Republican | Washington | 2023 | 2025 |
| Brett Guthrie | Republican | Kentucky | 2025 | present |
| Name | Party | State | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jim Broyhill | Republican | California | 1981 | 1986 |
| Norman Lent | Republican | New York | 1986 | 1993 |
| Carlos Moorhead | Republican | California | 1993 | 1995 |
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 1995 | 2007 |
| Joe Barton | Republican | Texas | 2007 | 2011 |
| Henry Waxman | Democratic | California | 2011 | 2015 |
| Frank Pallone | Democratic | New Jersey | 2015 | 2019 |
| Greg Walden | Republican | Oregon | 2019 | 2021 |
| Cathy McMorris Rodgers | Republican | Washington | 2021 | 2023 |
| Frank Pallone | Democratic | New Jersey | 2023 | present |
See also
- List of United States House of Representatives committees
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