A voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɗ ⟩. The IPA symbol is lowercase letter d with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.
| Voiced alveolar implosive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɗ | |||
| IPA number | 162 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| source · help | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɗ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0257 | ||
| X-SAMPA | d_< | ||
| Braille | |||
| |||
A voiced dental implosive may be found in the Jhangvi dialect of Punjabi and has the symbol ⟨ɗ̪⟩.
Features
Features of a voiced alveolar implosive:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.
Occurrence
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cia-Cia | 아티 / Adhi | [aɗi] | 'Adi' | Adi is a name. |
| Ega | [ɗá] | 'hide' | ||
| Fula | ɗiɗi/𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 / ﻃِﻂِ | [ɗiɗi] | 'two' | |
| Goemai | ḍal | [ɗal] | 'to swallow' | |
| Hausa | ɗaiɗai / طَﯿْﻄَﯽْ | [ɗei̯ɗei̯] | 'one at a time' | |
| Hindi | ॾअर | [ɗəɾ] | ḍar (transliteration of Sindhi ڏر) | Used for the voiced retroflex implosive, to transcribe implosives from Sindhi and Saraiki. |
| Jamaican Patois | dem | [ɗem] | 'them' | Allophone of /d/ in the onset of prominent syllables. |
| Kalabari | ḍa | [ɗà] | 'father' | |
| Karajá | ti | [ɗi] | 'bone' | |
| Khmer | ដប់/dáb | [ɗɑp] | 'ten' | |
| Konso | bad | [ɓaɗ] | 'to hide' | |
| Kwaza | deda | [ɗe'ɗa] | 'snake' | Analyzed as /d/. |
| Mono | ku‘da | [kūɗā] | 'debt' | |
| Ongota | [ɡaːɗa] | 'dull' | ||
| Parkari Koli | واۮۯون | [vaːɗaɭuːn] | ' clouds | |
| Paumarí | 'bo'da | [ɓoɗa] | 'old' | |
| Serer | biɗ / ﺑِﻂْ | [biɗ] | 'flower' | Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/. |
| Sindhi | ڏر | [ɗarʊ] | 'crevice' | |
| Shona | kudada | [kuɗaɗa] | 'prideful and pompous' | |
| Tera | ɗana | [ɗàna] | 'to talk' | |
| Tukang Besi | [piɗi] | 'rubbish' | ||
| Vietnamese | đuôi | [ɗuəj] | 'tail' | See Vietnamese phonology. |
| Wadiyara Koli | [example needed] | Contrasts /ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/. | ||
| Wambule | डि॒ | [ɗi] | 'name' | |
| Standard Zhuang | nda | [ɗa] | 'set' | |
Dental
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jhangvi dialect | [example needed] | |||
See also
- Index of phonetics articles
- Voiceless alveolar implosive
Notes
- Shackle (1976:23); Bahl (1936:28)
- Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
- "ॾ", Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 2024-05-27, retrieved 2025-10-26
- Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
- Harry (2003:113)
- Orkaydo, Ongaye Oda (2013). A Grammar of Konso. p. 11.
- Voort, Hein van der (2008-08-22), A Grammar of Kwaza, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110197280, ISBN 978-3-11-019728-0, retrieved 2024-03-13
- Olson (2004:233)
- Everett (2003:23)
- Mc Laughlin (2005:100)
- Tench (2007:228)
- Thompson (1959:458–461)
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