A volcanogenic lake is a lake formed as a result of volcanic activity. They are generally a body of water inside an inactive volcanic crater (crater lakes) but can also be large volumes of molten lava within an active volcanic crater (lava lakes) and waterbodies constrained by lava flows, pyroclastic flows or lahars in valley systems. The term volcanic lake is also used to describe volcanogenic lakes, although it is more commonly assigned to those inside volcanic craters.
Volcanic crater lakes
Lakes in calderas fill large craters formed by the collapse of a volcano during an eruption. Examples:
- Crater Lake, Oregon, United States
- Heaven Lake, China/North Korea
- Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia
Lakes in maars fill small craters where an eruption deposited debris around a vent. Examples:
- Lake Nyos, Northwest Region, Cameroon
- Lac Pavin, Puy-de-Dôme, France
- Soda Lakes, Nevada, United States
Lava lakes
These are some examples of rare lava lakes where molten lava in a volcano maintains relative equilibrium, neither rising to overflowing nor sinking to drain away.
- Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica
- Erta Ale, Afar Region, Ethiopia
- Mount Nyiragongo, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lava-dammed lakes
- Lake Balık, Ağrı Province, Turkey
- Lake Disappear, North Island, New Zealand
- Garibaldi Lake, British Columbia, Canada
- Lake Güija, Guatemala/El Salvador
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