Warang Chiti (also written Varang Kshiti; Ho: ๐ขน๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃ ๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃโ, IPA: /wษrษล สงษชtฬชษช/) is a writing system invented by Lako Bodra for the Ho language spoken in East India. It is used in primary and adult education and in various publications.
| Warang Citi ๐ขน๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃ ๐ขฏ๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ฃ | |
|---|---|
The word 'Warang Chiti (Hbรฅrล chiti-Undying Writing)' in Warang Chiti uppercase and lowercase script | |
| Script type | Alphabet |
| Creator | Lako Bodra |
Period | 1950s โ present |
| Direction | Left-to-rightย |
| Languages | Ho |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | original invention
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Wara (262), โWarang Citi (Varang Kshiti) |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Warang Citi |
Unicode range | U+118A0โU+118FF Finalย Acceptedย Scriptย Proposal |
It has mainly gained acceptance among the easternmost group of speakers, and is more prevalent among those who have been educated in it. Many other speakers prefer oral transmission of knowledge, Devanagari, or Latin, but Warang Chiti holds prestige among many Ho speakers.
History
Community leader Bodra invented it as an alternative to the writing systems devised by Christian missionaries. He claims that the alphabet was invented in the 13th century by Deowan Turi, and that it was rediscovered in a shamanistic vision and Bodra modernized.
Letters
Warang Citi is quite distinct from other writing systems of India, and it has features of an abugida and an alphabet. As in Brahmic abugidas, consonant letters have an inherent vowel, usually /a/ or /ษ/ but sometimes /ษ/. The inherent vowel is not pronounced at the end of the word. Unlike in Brahmic abugidas, and more like in an alphabet, the full vowel letters are always written after the consonant, letters usually don't form ligatures, and there is no virama character.
It follows capitalization rules as are done in English and follows English punctuation. There are few ligatures that combine to form new sounds, and there are conjunct consonants that are used as well by stacking in some cases. It is written from left to right in horizontal lines.
The script begins with the letter Ong, which corresponds to Om in other Brahmic scripts. It has 32 letters in total with capital and small letters.
ong ๐ฃฟโ om | ngaa ๐ข โ๐ฃโ แน, ล | a ๐ขกโ๐ฃโ a | wi ๐ขขโ๐ฃโ i | yu ๐ขฃโ๐ฃโ u | ya ๐ขคโ๐ฃโ ส | yo ๐ขฅโ๐ฃ
โ y | ii ๐ขฆโ๐ฃโ ฤซ | uu ๐ขงโ๐ฃโ ลซ | e ๐ขจโ๐ฃโ e | O ๐ขฉโ๐ฃโ o |
ang ๐ขชโ๐ฃโ แน
| ga ๐ขซโ๐ฃโ g | ko ๐ขฌโ๐ฃโ k | eny ๐ขญโ๐ฃโ รฑ | yuj ๐ขฎโ๐ฃโ j | uc ๐ขฏโ๐ฃโ c | enn ๐ขฐโ๐ฃโ แน | odd ๐ขฑโ๐ฃโ แธ | tte ๐ขฒโ๐ฃโ แนญ | nung ๐ขณโ๐ฃโ n | da: ๐ขดโ๐ฃโ d |
ot ๐ขตโ๐ฃโ t | am ๐ขถโ๐ฃโ m | bu ๐ขทโ๐ฃโ b | pu ๐ขธโ๐ฃโ p | hiyo ๐ขนโ๐ฃโ h | holo ๐ขบโ๐ฃโ l | horr ๐ขปโ๐ฃโ แน | har ๐ขผโ๐ฃโ r | ssuu ๐ขฝโ๐ฃโ แนฃ | sii ๐ขพโ๐ฃโ s | viyo ๐ขฟโ๐ฃโ |
- nasalisation)
- glottal stop
- ligature of ๐ขก and ๐ขน
Numerals
Warang Citi uses its own set of numerals. The digits 0-9 are used in modern writing, but the signs for larger numbers are falling into disuse.
1 ๐ฃกโ | 2 ๐ฃขโ | 3 ๐ฃฃโ | 4 ๐ฃคโ | 5 ๐ฃฅโ | 6 ๐ฃฆโ | 7 ๐ฃงโ | 8 ๐ฃจโ | 9 ๐ฃฉโ | 0 ๐ฃ โ |
10 ๐ฃชโ | 20 ๐ฃซโ | 30 ๐ฃฌโ | 40 ๐ฃญโ | 50 ๐ฃฎโ | 60 ๐ฃฏโ | 70 ๐ฃฐโ | 80 ๐ฃฑโ | 90 ๐ฃฒโ |
Unicode
Warang Citi was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
The Unicode block for Warang Citi is U+118A0โU+118FF. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:
| Warang Citi[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| ย | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+118Ax | ๐ข โ | ๐ขกโ | ๐ขขโ | ๐ขฃโ | ๐ขคโ | ๐ขฅโ | ๐ขฆโ | ๐ขงโ | ๐ขจโ | ๐ขฉโ | ๐ขชโ | ๐ขซโ | ๐ขฌโ | ๐ขญโ | ๐ขฎโ | ๐ขฏโ |
| U+118Bx | ๐ขฐโ | ๐ขฑโ | ๐ขฒโ | ๐ขณโ | ๐ขดโ | ๐ขตโ | ๐ขถโ | ๐ขทโ | ๐ขธโ | ๐ขนโ | ๐ขบโ | ๐ขปโ | ๐ขผโ | ๐ขฝโ | ๐ขพโ | ๐ขฟโ |
| U+118Cx | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃ โ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ |
| U+118Dx | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ | ๐ฃโ |
| U+118Ex | ๐ฃ โ | ๐ฃกโ | ๐ฃขโ | ๐ฃฃโ | ๐ฃคโ | ๐ฃฅโ | ๐ฃฆโ | ๐ฃงโ | ๐ฃจโ | ๐ฃฉโ | ๐ฃชโ | ๐ฃซโ | ๐ฃฌโ | ๐ฃญโ | ๐ฃฎโ | ๐ฃฏโ |
| U+118Fx | ๐ฃฐโ | ๐ฃฑโ | ๐ฃฒโ | ๐ฃฟโ | ||||||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
wikipedia, wiki, encyclopedia, book, library, article, read, free download, Information about Warang Citi, What is Warang Citi? What does Warang Citi mean?