The 1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
Dates vary by state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results: Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Federalist hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Democratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.
Results summary
Senate party division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)
- Majority party: Democratic-Republican (28)
- Minority party: Federalist (6)
- Other parties: 0
- Total seats: 34
Change in composition
Before the elections
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Pa. Retired | DR26 N.C. Retired | DR25 Ohio Unknown | DR24 Vt. Ran | DR23 S.C. Ran | DR22 N.Y. Ran | DR21 Md. Ran | DR20 Ky. Ran | DR19 Ga. Ran | |
| F7 N.H. Retired | F6 Conn. Ran | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
Beginning of the next Congress
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Pa. Hold | DR26 Ohio Hold | DR25 N.C. Hold | DR24 Md. Hold | DR23 Ky. Hold | DR22 Vt. Re-elected | DR21 S.C. Re-elected | DR20 N.Y. Re-elected | DR19 #Georgia | |
| DR28 N.H. Gain | F6 Conn. Re-elected | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
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Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Georgia (Class 3) | James Jackson | Democratic- Republican | 1793 1795 (resigned) 1800 | Incumbent died March 19, 1806. New senator elected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Kentucky (Class 3) | John Adair | Democratic- Republican | 1805 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election; see below. New senator elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Maryland (Class 3) | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
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Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.
All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801 | Incumbent re-elected in 1807. |
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| Georgia | John Milledge | Democratic- Republican | 1806 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. |
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| Kentucky | John Adair | Democratic- Republican | 1805 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent immediately resigned and a new senator was elected to finish the term; see above. |
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| Maryland | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected in 1806 or 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
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| New Hampshire | William Plumer | Federalist | 1802 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected February 3, 1807. |
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| North Carolina | David Stone | Democratic- Republican | 1800 | Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807). New senator elected in 1806 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Ohio | Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 1, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Pennsylvania | George Logan | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (appointed) 1801 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot. |
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| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican | 1791 1795 (lost) 1801 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. |
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Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Vermont (Class 1) | Israel Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1802 | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. New senator elected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Connecticut (Class 3) | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801 1807 | Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term, but declined the election. New senator elected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. |
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| Rhode Island (Class 2) | James Fenner | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbent resigned September 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. New senator elected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Georgia (Class 2) | George Jones | Democratic- Republican | 1807 (appointed) | Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee lost re-election. New senator elected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Connecticut
Connecticut (regular)
Connecticut (special)
Georgia
Georgia (special, class 2)
Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.
Class 3
Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.
Georgia (special, class 3)
Democratic-Republican John Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.
Georgia (regular)
Milledge was later re-elected to the next term.
Kentucky
Kentucky (regular)
Kentucky (special)
Maryland
November 25, 1806 | ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term of Robert Wright who resigned to become Governor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.
Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire (regular)
New Hampshire (special)
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island (special)
South Carolina
Vermont
Vermont (regular)
Vermont (special)
See also
- 1806 United States elections
- 1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections
- 9th United States Congress
- 10th United States Congress
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