This is a list of active rebel groups that control territory around the world whose domains may be subnational, transnational, or international. A "rebel group" is defined here as a polity that uses armed conflict in opposition to established government (or governments) for reasons such as to seek political change or to establish, maintain, or to gain independence. Groups that "control territory" are defined as any group that hold any populated or inhabited city, town, village, hamlet, or defined area that is under the direct administration or military control of the group. Such control may be contested and might be temporary or fluctuating, especially under the circumstance of conflict.
It does not include the governments of stable breakaway states or other states with limited recognition.
| Within state | Rebel group | Conflict | Control since | Territory controlled | Notes | Leader | Headquarters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burkina Faso Mali Benin Niger Togo | JNIM | Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso Mali War Jihadist insurgency in Northern Benin Islamist insurgency in Niger | 2006 | Parts of Burkina Faso Parts of central and northern Mali Parts of W National Park and Pendjari National Park Parts of southern Niger Parts of northern Togo | Iyad Ag Ghaly | Tinzaouaten (Mali) | |
| Somalia | Al-Shabaab | Somali Civil War (2009–present) | Large parts of southern and central Somalia where it proclaimed the Islamic Emirate of Somalia | Ahmed Diriye | Jilib (Somalia) | ||
| Puntland | 2024 | Northeastern Somalia | Said Abdullahi Deni | Garowe | |||
| Jubaland | Southern Somalia | Declared itself temporarily independent of Somalia on 31 March 2024 | Sheikh Ahmed Madobe | Kismayo | |||
| Palestine | Hamas (Gaza Strip under Hamas) | Fatah–Hamas conflict | 2007 | Parts of the Gaza Strip | Hamas temporary committee | Gaza City | |
| Popular Forces (Popular Forces administration in the Gaza Strip) | Popular Forces–Hamas conflict | 2024 | Eastern Rafah Governorate as well as parts of Khan Yunis | Opposed to the Hamas government, backed by Israel | Yasser Abu Shabab | Al-Bayuk | |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan People's Army | Insurgency in Paraguay | 2005 | Areas in Northeast Paraguay | Manuel Cristaldo Mieres Magna Meza Carmen Villalba | Horqueta | |
| Peru | Communist Party of Peru – Red Mantaro Base Committee | Internal conflict in Peru | 2001 | Mantaro Valley | Remnants of the Shining Path a group that controlled Territory and operated as a parallel government until the 1990s | "Comrade Netzel López Lozano" | Mantaro Valley |
| Communist Party of Peru – Huallaga Regional Committee | 2004 | Huallaga province | "Comrade Artemio" | Huallaga province | |||
| Militarized Communist Party of Peru | 1992 | Huanta province | "Comrade José" | Huanta province | |||
| Philippines | New People's Army | New People's Army rebellion | 1969 | 73-110 villages in the Countryside | Armando Liwanag | Unknown | |
| Nigeria | Boko Haram (Territory of Boko Haram) | Boko Haram insurgency | 2009 | Parts of Borno, Kaduna, and Niger States | Relocated to Kaduna State after the Battle of Sambisa Forest | Abu Umaimata | Chikun |
| Burkina Faso Mali Mozambique Niger Nigeria Somalia | Islamic State | Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso Mali War Insurgency in Cabo Delgado Jihadist insurgency in Niger Boko Haram insurgency Somali Civil War | 2015 | Parts of Burkina Faso Several villages in Gao Parts of Cabo Delgado Parts of southern Niger Parts of Borno State Several villages in Bari | Designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations | Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi | Unknown |
| Nigeria | Indigenous People of Biafra | Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria | 2021 | Parts of the former Republic of Biafra[citation needed] | Nnamdi Kanu | Unknown | |
| Cameroon | Biafra Nations League | Bakassi conflict | Parts of the Bakassi Peninsula[citation needed] | Princewill Chimezie Richards, Henry Edet | Bakassi | ||
| Red Dragon | Anglophone Crisis | 2019 | Several villages in Lebialem, Southwest Region | Loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia | Lekeaka Oliver | Unknown | |
| Central African Republic | Coalition of Patriots for Change | Central African Republic Civil War | 2020 | Parts of Central African Republic | Coalition of multiple groups including Anti-balaka, 3R, and MPC | François Bozizé | N'Djamena, Chad |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Mai-Mai | Kivu conflict | 2003 | Parts of northeastern DRC | Various groups | Various leaders | Depending on group |
| March 23 Movement | 2012 | Parts of North Kivu and South Kivu provinces | Bertrand Bisimwa | ||||
| Nduma Defense of Congo-Renouveau | 2015 | Parts of North Kivu province | Shimiray Mwissa Guidon | Pinga | |||
| Zaïre-FPAC | 2020 | Ituri Province | Zawadi Vajeru | ||||
| National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo | 2017 | South Kivu and Maniema | William Yakutumba | ||||
| CODECO | 1999 | Ituri Province | Ali Ngadjole Ngabu | Djugu territory | |||
| Mobondo | Western DR Congo clashes | 2022 | Rural areas northeast of Kinshasa and in the surrounding provinces | Odon Nkimona Kumbu | Kwamouth | ||
| Ethiopia | Fano | War in Amhara | 2023 | Parts of the Amhara Region | Zemene Kassie | ||
| Myanmar | Kachin Independence Organization | Myanmar conflict Myanmar civil war | 1960s | Parts of Kachin State | Kachin militant group | N'Ban La | Laiza |
| People's Defence Force | 2021 | Parts of Sagaing Region | Burmese militant group, claim to be the legitimate government of Myanmar | Duwa Lashi La | |||
| Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army | 1989 | Parts of northern Shan State | Kokang Chinese militant group | Peng Daxun | Laukkai | ||
| Karenni IEC | 2021 | Parts of Kayah State | Karenni militant group | Khun Oo Reh | |||
| Chinland | Parts of northern Chin State | Chin militant group (Northern) | Pu Zing Cung | Camp Victoria | |||
| Karen National Union | 1947 | Parts of Kayin State | Karen militant group | Padoh Saw Kwe Htoo Win | Lay Wah | ||
| Palaung State Liberation Front | 1992 | Parts of northern Shan State | Palaung militant group | Tar Aik Bong Tar Bone Kyaw | |||
| Chin Brotherhood Alliance | 2023 | Parts of southern Chin State | Chin militant group (Southern) | ||||
| Arakan Army | 2009 | Most of Rakhine State | Led by United League of Arakan | Twan Mrat Naing | |||
| Wa State | 1989 | Parts of northern and southern Shan State | De facto independent state | Bao Youxiang | Pangkham | ||
| Shan State Progress Party | 1971 | Parts of central Shan State | Shan militant group | ||||
| Restoration Council for Shan State | 1996 | Parts of southern Shan State | Yawd Serk | Loi Tai Leng | |||
| Pa-O National Liberation Organization | 2024 | Pa-O militant group (Eastern) | Khun Thurein Khun Kyaw Htin | ||||
| Pa-O National Organisation | 1949 | Pa-O militant group (Western) | Aung Kham Hti | ||||
| Peace and Solidarity Committee | 1989 | Parts of eastern Shan State | Shan militant group (Eastern) | U Sai Leun | |||
| Karen National Army | 2024 | Near Myawaddy, Kayin State | Karen militant group (Myawaddy) | Saw Chit Thu | Shwe Kokko | ||
| Other small militant groups | |||||||
| Senegal | Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance | Casamance conflict | 1982 | Parts of Casamance | |||
| Sudan | New Sudan | Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | 2023 | Parts of Southern Sudan | Abdelaziz al-Hilu | Kauda | |
| Rapid Support Forces | Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | 2023 | Territory across Sudan, mostly in the south and west. | Hemedti | |||
| Syria | Supreme Legal Committee in Suwayda | Syrian civil war | 2025 | Suwayda Governorate | Hikmat al-Hijri | Suwayda | |
| Yemen | Southern Movement Southern Transitional Council | Yemeni civil war | 2017 | Some of the territory in South Yemen | Maintains a tenuous peace with the Yemeni government | Aidarus al-Zoubaidi | Aden |
| Houthis | 2004 | Most of former North Yemen, including Sana'a, and parts of South Yemen in what has been referred to as Houthi Yemen | Controls the Supreme Political Council, unrecognized by the international community | Mahdi al-Mashat | Sa'dah |
See also
- List of active rebel groups
- List of guerrilla movements
- List of designated terrorist groups
- List of ongoing armed conflicts
- Lists of active separatist movements
- Violent non-state actor
- Sovereign state
- Rival government
- Quasi-state
- Parallel state
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