Even before the launch of Sputnik 1, there were various types of launch vehicle designs. The launch vehicle designs described below are either canceled or never left the drawing board.
20th century
| Name | Designer | Proposed | Canceled |
|---|---|---|---|
| Von Braun ferry rocket | Wernher von Braun | 1950s | |
| North American X-15B | USAF and NACA | 1958 | |
| Mercury-Jupiter | NASA | 1959 | |
| Saturn C-2 | 1959 | 1962 | |
| Saturn C-3 | |||
| Saturn C-4 | |||
| Nova | |||
| BAC Mustard | BAC | 1960s | 1967 |
| NEXUS | General Dynamics | ||
| Saturn C-5N | NASA | 1972 | |
| Saturn INT-20 | |||
| UR-700 | Vladimir Chelomei | ||
| Saenger (spacecraft) | Eugen Sänger, Junkers, MBB, DLR | 1995 | |
| Saturn C-8 | NASA | 1962 | 1962 |
| Sea Dragon | Robert Truax | ||
| Douglas SASSTO | Philip Bono | 1967 | |
| Martin Marietta Spacemaster | Martin Marietta | ||
| Saturn V-A | NASA | 1968 | |
| Saturn V-C | |||
| Saturn V-Centaur | |||
| Saturn V-D | |||
| Saturn INT-21 | 1970s | ||
| Chrysler SERV | Chrysler | 1971 | |
| Saturn-Shuttle | NASA | 1972 | |
| Hermes | CNES and ESA | 1975 | 1992 |
| Rockwell X-30 | Rockwell International | 1980 | 1993 |
| British Aerospace HOTOL | British Aerospace and Rolls-Royce | 1982 | 1989 |
| Trans Atmospheric Vehicle | Lockheed Martin | ~1985 | |
| Shuttle-C | NASA | 1984 | 1995 |
| VentureStar | Lockheed Martin | 1990s | 2001 |
| National Launch System | NASA | 1991 | 1992 |
| Black Horse | Mitchell Burnside Clapp | 1993 | 1996 |
| Kankoh-maru | Japanese Rocket Society | ||
| K-1 | Rocketplane Kistler | 1994 | 2007 |
| Roton | Rotary Rocket | 1996 | 2001 |
| Magnum | NASA | 2004 |
21st century
| Name | Designer | Proposed | Canceled |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ares IV | NASA | 2000s | 2010 |
| Ares V Lite | |||
| Jupiter | DIRECT | 2010 | |
| Falcon 1e | SpaceX | 2011 | |
| Haas | ARCAspace | ||
| Orbital Space Plane Program | NASA | 2002 | 2004 |
| Falcon 5 | SpaceX | 2003 | 2005 |
| Galaxy Express | Galaxy Express Corporation | 2009 | |
| Ares I | NASA | 2005 | 2010 |
| Ares V | |||
| Rocketplane XP | Rocketplane Kistler | 2011 | |
| Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle | NASA | 2009 | 2010 |
| Liberty | ATK and Astrium | 2011 | 2012 |
| Falcon 9 Air | SpaceX | ||
| Mars Colonial Transporter | 2012 | 2016 | |
| Interplanetary Transport System | 2016 | 2017 | |
| Big Falcon Rocket | 2017 | 2018 | |
| OmegA | Northrop Grumman | 2016 | 2020 |
See also
- Comparison of orbital launch systems
- Non-rocket spacelaunch
- List of orbital launch systems
- List of private spaceflight companies#Crew and cargo transport vehicles
- Spaceplane
- List of crewed lunar lander designs
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