Secular Progressive Alliance, formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
Secular Progressive Alliance | |
|---|---|
மதச்சார்பற்ற முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி Secular Progressive Alliance | |
| Abbreviation | SPA |
| Chairman |
|
| Founder | M. Karunanidhi |
| Founded | 20 January 2004 |
| Preceded by | DMK-led Alliance |
| Ideology | Big tent Factions: Social democracy Secularism Communism Marxism |
| Political position | Centre-left to left-wing |
| ECI Status | Not Required |
| Alliance | Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (National) |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 12 / 19 |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 40 / 40 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 158 / 234 (Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 12 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 1 / 31 |
| |
History
The alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2004–2009 and 2014–2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
Indian general elections
Tamil Nadu
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004 | 2004 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, MDMK, CPI(M), CPI, CJP | 39 / 39 |
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 | DMK, INC, VCK, IUML | 27 / 39 |
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT | 0 / 39 |
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, IJK | 38 / 39 |
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | |||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, INC ,VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, MNM | 39 / 39 |
Puducherry
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Contested by | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 Indian general election | DMK, INC, VCK, IUML | INC | Won |
| DMK-VCK Alliance | ||||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT | DMK | Lost |
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI | INC | Won |
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | ||||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MNM | INC | Won |
State legislative assembly elections
Tamil Nadu
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
ஜனநாயக முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி | |||
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) | 163 / 234 |
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK | 31 / 234 |
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP | 98 / 234 |
| Secular Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2017-2021 | 2021 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, MVK, ATP | 159 / 234 |
| 2025-present | 2026 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, KMDK | |
Puducherry
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2021 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, CPI | 20 / 30 |
| 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, VCK | 9 / 30 | |
| 2016 | INC, DMK | 18 / 30 | |
| 2021 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent | 9 / 30 | |
| 2025-present | 2026 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MDMK | |
Current members
| # | Party | Abbr. | Flag | Symbol | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | M. K. Stalin | |||
| 2 | Indian National Congress | INC | K. Selvaperunthagai | |||
| 3 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) | P. Shanmugham | |||
| 4 | Communist Party of India | CPI | R. Mutharasan | |||
| 5 | Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Thol. Thirumavalavan | |||
| 6 | Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | Vaiko | |||
| 7 | Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM | Kamal Haasan | |||
| 8 | Indian Union Muslim League | IUML | K. M. Kader Mohideen | |||
| 9 | Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MNMK | M. H. Jawahirullah | |||
| 10 | Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | E. R. Eswaran | |||
| 11 | Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVMK | T. Velmurugan | |||
| 12 | Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam | MMK | G. M. Sreedhar Vandaiyar | |||
| 13 | Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party | TNPWP | Pon. Kumar | |||
| 14 | Adhi Tamilar Peravai | ATP | R. Adhiyaman | |||
| 15 | Mukkulathor Pulipadai | MKLP | Karunas | |||
| 16 | Manithaneya Jananayaka Katchi | MJK | Thamimun Ansari | |||
| 16 | Makkal Viduthalai Katchi | MVK | K. Murugavelrajan | |||
| 17 | Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam | SMK | Ernavoor Narayanan | |||
Strength in Legislative Assembly
Tamil Nadu
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 126 / 234 | |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 17 / 234 | |
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism and Anti-classism | 4 / 234 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | 2 / 234 | |
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | 2 / 234 | |
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | Dravidianism | 4 / 234 | |
| Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | Indigenism | 1 / 234 | |
| Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MMK | Social democracy | 2 / 234 | |
| Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVK | Populism | 1 / 234 | |
Puducherry
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 6 / 30 | |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 2 / 30 | |
| Independents | IND | Independent | 4 / 30 | |
Withdrawals
| Political Party | State | Date | Reason for Withdrawal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2009 | Allied with BSP | |
| Puratchi Bharatham Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2011 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Allied with NDA | |
| Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Puthiya Tamilagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with ADMK | |
| Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with NDA | |
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences over seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK which offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Governments & Legislative leaders
- Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006 - 2011)
- Narayanasamy ministry (2016 - 2021)
- M. K. Stalin ministry (2021- incumbent)
See also
- DMK-led Alliance
- AIADMK-led Alliance
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