Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) is a big tent multi-party political alliance of several political parties in India led by the country's largest opposition party, the Indian National Congress. The alliance is in against the ideology and governance of the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 2024 Indian general elections. In the 2024 general election, the alliance won 234 seats, gaining more than 100 seats in relation to its size before dissolution, and the majority of seats in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal.

Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
Abbreviation	INDIA
Rajya Sabha Leader	Mallikarjun Kharge (LOP)
Lok Sabha Leader	Rahul Gandhi (LOP)
Founder	List Sitaram Yechury (CPI(M)) Sharad Pawar (NCP(SP)) Mallikarjun Kharge (INC) Rahul Gandhi (INC) D. Raja (CPI) M. K. Stalin (DMK) Lalu Prasad Yadav (RJD) Akhilesh Yadav (SP) Mamata Banerjee (AITC) Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) Farooq Abdullah (JKNC) Hemant Soren (JMM) Mehbooba Mufti (JKPDP) Uddhav Thackeray (SS(UBT)) Kamal Haasan (MNM)
Founded	17 July 2023; 2 years ago (2023-07-17)
Preceded by	UPA UO
Political position	Centrism
Colours	(Official)   (Alternative)
ECI Status	Not Required
Alliance	37 Parties * Regional Alliances UDF or LDF (Kerala) SPA (Tamil Nadu and Puducherry) MPSA (Manipur) MVA (Maharashtra) SDA (West Bengal) MGB (Jharkhand) MGB (Bihar)
Seats in Rajya Sabha	80 / 245
Seats in Lok Sabha	235 / 543
Seats in State Legislative Councils	98 / 423
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies	1,430 / 4,036
Number of states and union territories in government	8 / 31
Politics of India Political parties Elections

Etymology

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, commonly known by its backronym I.N.D.I.A. is an opposition front announced by the leaders of 28 parties to contest the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The name was proposed during a meeting in Bengaluru and was unanimously adopted by the 28 participating parties. While some sources attribute the suggestion of the name to Rahul Gandhi, the leader face of the Indian National Congress (INC), others mention that it was suggested by Mamata Banerjee, the Trinamool Congress (TMC) supremo and chief minister of West Bengal.

History

On September 25, 2022, Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) supremo Om Prakash Chautala hosted a rally in Fatehabad on the occasion of former Deputy Prime Minister Devi Lal's birth anniversary. During this rally, the ideas of a national alliance were first openly called on stage. Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar had said "I'll urge all parties, including Congress, to get together and then they (BJP) will lose badly". JD(U) spokesperson K. C. Tyagi had also stated that the foundation of the alliance was during this same rally.

The first major Opposition parties' meeting, held in Patna, Bihar, was chaired by Nitish Kumar on 23 June 2023, when the proposal for a new alliance was put on the table. The meeting was attended by 16 Opposition parties. INLD was not included in this meeting.

The second meeting, was held in Bengaluru, Karnataka on 17–18 July. It was chaired by UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi when the proposal for an alliance was accepted and ten more parties were added to the list. The alliance's name was finalized and given the name Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance.

The third meeting was held in Mumbai, Maharashtra from 31 August to 1 September. The meeting was hosted by Shiv Sena (UBT) President Uddhav Thackeray and saw Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and chief ministers of 5 states in attendance. Over the two-day deliberations, the alliance discussed major electoral issues for the upcoming general elections, carved out the coordination committee, and passed a three-point resolution to fight 2024 Indian general elections together 'as far as possible'.

The fourth meeting was held in New Delhi on 19 December. The meeting was primarily held to discuss seat-sharing, joint rallies, and the prime ministerial face and/or convenor of the alliance. The alliance adopted a resolution to ensure maximum use of VVPATs in upcoming elections. "To enhance confidence in elections, VVPAT slips should be directly given to voters to self-verify and place in a separate box, instead of them falling into the main box. Eventually, all VVPAT slips must be 100% counted, ensuring truly free and fair elections," read the resolution passed by the alliance at the meeting. Seat sharing was also to be done by either 31 December 2023 or mid-January 2024. It was also decided that protests will be held across the country on 22 December 2023 against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament. Some leaders said that the alliance would hold a grand joint rally at Patna on 30 January 2024, the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, although this was not officially announced.

The alliance held its 5th meeting virtually with some leaders not attending. Following the meeting, the Indian National Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge was declared the alliance chairperson. Members also had discussions about seat sharing. Nitish Kumar, the chief minister of Bihar, was offered the post of national convenor of the alliance which he declined. Nitish Kumar went on to join the National Democratic Alliance in the 2024 Bihar political crisis two weeks later.

Campaign

The bloc held its first event together on 22 December 2023, when nationwide protests were launched against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament. Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge, party leader face Rahul Gandhi, NCP President Sharad Pawar, CPI(M) leader face Sitaram Yechury and other leaders held protests against the suspensions of MPs under the banner "Save Democracy" and "Save Constitution" at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi.

The bloc's first joint rally was held in Patna, Bihar on 3 March 2024. The rally saw, among others, Kharge, Rahul Gandhi, Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) chief Lalu Prasad Yadav, former Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Tejashwi Yadav, Samajwadi Party supremo Akhilesh Yadav, and senior Left leaders Sitaram Yechury and D. Raja. Kharge attacked Kumar for frequently changing alliances and criticised the BJP for not fulfilling its promise of job creation and neglecting the country's poor and the majority.

Member parties

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance comprises a diverse range of political parties from across India. The 36 member parties of the alliance are:

	Party			Logo/Flag	Base	Political Position	Portrait	Leader	Ref.(s)
National Parties
1		INC	Indian National Congress		National Party	Centre		Mallikarjun Kharge
2		CPI(M)	Communist Party of India (Marxist)		National Party	Left-wing		M. A. Baby
Regional parties
3		SP	Samajwadi Party		Uttar Pradesh	Left-wing		Akhilesh Yadav
4		AITC	All India Trinamool Congress		West Bengal, Meghalaya	Centre		Mamata Banerjee
5		DMK	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		Puducherry, Tamil Nadu	Centre-left		M. K. Stalin
6		SHS(UBT)	Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)		Maharashtra	Centre-right to right-wing		Uddhav Thackeray
7		NCP(SP)	Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)		Maharashtra, Kerala	Centre		Sharad Pawar
8		RJD	Rashtriya Janata Dal		Bihar, Jharkhand	Centre-left to left-wing		Lalu Prasad Yadav
9		JMM	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha		Jharkhand	Regionalism		Hemant Soren
10		CPI	Communist Party of India		Kerala, Bihar, Telangana, Tamil Nadu	Left-wing		D. Raja
11		CPI(ML)L	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation		Bihar	Far-left		Dipankar Bhattacharya
12		JKNC	Jammu and Kashmir National Conference		Jammu and Kashmir	Regionalism		Farooq Abdullah
13		RSP	Revolutionary Socialist Party		Kerala	Far-left		Manoj Bhattacharya
14		VCK	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi		Tamil Nadu	Syncretic		Thol. Thirumavalavan
15		IUML	Indian Union Muslim League		Kerala	Centre-right		K. M. Kader Mohideen
16		MDMK	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		Tamil Nadu	Centre-left		Vaiko
17		RLP	Rashtriya Loktantrik Party		Rajasthan	Regionalism		Hanuman Beniwal
18		KMDK	Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi		Tamil Nadu	Indigenism		E. R. Eswaran
19		BAP	Bharat Adivasi Party		Rajasthan	Regionalism		Rajkumar Roat
20		MMK	Manithaneya Makkal Katchi		Tamil Nadu	Regionalism		M. H. Jawahirullah
21		KC(M)	Kerala Congress (M)		Kerala	Centre-left to left-wing		Jose K. Mani
22		KC	Kerala Congress		Kerala	Centre		P. J. Joseph
23		PDP	Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party		Jammu and Kashmir	Regionalism		Mehbooba Mufti
24		AIFB	All India Forward Bloc		West Bengal	Far-left		G. Devarajan
25		PWPI	Peasants and Workers Party of India		Maharashtra	Left-wing		Jayant Prabhakar Patil
26		RD	Raijor Dal		Assam	Left-wing		Akhil Gogoi
27		AJP	Assam Jatiya Parishad		Assam	Regionalism		Lurinjyoti Gogoi
28		AGM	Anchalik Gana Morcha		Assam	Regionalism		Ajit Kumar Bhuyan
29		APHLC	All Party Hill Leaders Conference		Assam	Regionalism		Jonas Ingti Kathar
30		MNM	Makkal Needhi Maiam		Tamil Nadu	Centre		Kamal Haasan
31		GFP	Goa Forward Party		Goa	Regionalism		Vijai Sardesai
32		VIP	Vikassheel Insaan Party		Bihar	Regionalism		Mukesh Sahni
33		IGJF	Indian Gorkha Janshakti Front		West Bengal	Regionalism		Ajoy Edwards
34		PLP	Purvanchal Lok Parishad		Assam	Regionalism		Charan Chandra Deka
35		JDA	Jatiya Dal Assam		Assam	Regionalism		M. G. Hazarika
36		SGP	Samajwadi Ganarajya Party		Maharashtra	Regionalism		Kapil Patil
		IND	Independent	INDEPENDENTS

Organisational structure

Organisational structure of the Alliance

Party Coordination Committee and Election Strategy Committee Campaign Committee Working Group for Media Working Group for Social Media Working Group for Research All India Forward Bloc  – G. Devarajan Naren Chatterjee  –  – All India Trinamool Congress Abhishek Banerjee TBD TBD TBD TBD Communist Party of India D. Raja Binoy Viswam Bhalchandran Kango Bhalchandran Kango  – Communist Party of India (Marxist) TBD R. Arun Kumar Pranjal Pranjal  – Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation  – Ravi Rai Sucheta Di V Arun Kumar  – Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam T R Baalu Tiruchi Siva Kanimozhi Karunanidhi Dayanidhi Maran A Raja Indian National Congress K. C. Venugopal Gurdeep Singh Sappal Jairam Ramesh Pawan Khera Supriya Srinate Amitabh Dubey Indian Union Muslim League  – K. M. Kader Mohideen  –  –  – Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Omar Abdullah Hasnain Masoodi Tanvir Sadiq Ifra Ja Imran Nabi Dar Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party Mehbooba Mufti Dr Mehboob Beg Mohit Bhan Iltija Mehbooba Ad. Aditya Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Hemant Soren Champai Soren Supriyo Bhattacharya Alok Kumar Avindani Sudivya Kumar Sonu Kerala Congress (M)  – Jose K. Mani  –  –  – Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) Sharad Pawar P C Chako Jitendra Ahwad  – Vandana Chavan Rashtriya Janata Dal Tejashwi Yadav Sanjay Yadav Manoj Jha Sumit Sharma Prof. Subodh Mehta Revolutionary Socialist Party  – N. K. Premachandran  –  –  – Samajwadi Party Javed Ali Khan Kiranmoy Nanda Ashish Yadav Rajeev Nigam Ashish Yadav Alok Ranjan Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Sanjay Raut Anil Desai Arvind Sawant  – Priyanka Chaturvedi Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi  – Thirumavalavan  –  –  –

List of current chief ministers

State	Portrait	Chief Minister		Ministry	Portrait	Deputy Chief Minister		Governing parties
Himachal Pradesh			Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu (INC)	Sukhu			Mukesh Agnihotri (INC)	INC
Jammu and Kashmir			Omar Abdullah (JKNC)	Abdullah II			Surinder Kumar Choudhary (JKNC)	JKNC
								INC
								Independents
								AAP
								CPI(M)
Jharkhand			Hemant Soren (JMM)	Soren IV	Vacant			JMM
								INC
								RJD
								CPI(M-L)L
Karnataka			Siddaramaiah (INC)	Siddaramaiah II			D. K. Shivakumar (INC)	INC
								IND
Kerala			Pinarayi Vijayan (CPI(M))	Vijayan II	Vacant			CPI(M)
								CPI
								KC(M)
								JD(S)
								NCP (SP)
								RJD
								KC(B)
								C(S)
								INL
								NSC
								JKC
								IND
Tamil Nadu			M. K. Stalin (DMK)	Stalin			Udhayanidhi Stalin (DMK)	DMK
								INC
								VCK
								CPI
								CPI(M)
Telangana			Revanth Reddy (INC)	Reddy			Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka (INC)	INC
								CPI
West Bengal			Mamata Banerjee (TMC)	Banerjee III	Vacant			TMC

List of current opposition leaders

Parliament of India

This is the list of current opposition leaders in the Parliament of India:

Portrait	Name	Elected constituency	Term of office			Political party
			Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
RAJYA SABHA
	Mallikarjun Kharge	Karnataka	16 February 2021	Incumbent	4 years, 295 days	Indian National Congress
LOK SABHA
	Rahul Gandhi	Rae Bareli	9 June 2024	Incumbent	1 year, 182 days	Indian National Congress

Legislatures of the States and Union territories

State Legislative Councils

This is the list of current opposition leaders in the legislative councils of the Indian states:

State	Portrait	Name	Party
Bihar		Rabri Devi	Rashtriya Janata Dal
Uttar Pradesh		Lal Bihari Yadav	Samajwadi Party

State Legislative Assemblies

This is the list of current opposition leaders in the legislative assemblies of the Indian states and union territories:

State/UT	Portrait	Name	Party
Assam		Debabrata Saikia	Indian National Congress
Bihar		Tejashwi Yadav	Rashtriya Janata Dal
Chhattisgarh		Charan Das Mahant	Indian National Congress
Delhi		Atishi	Aam Aadmi Party
Goa		Yuri Alemao	Indian National Congress
Haryana		Bhupinder Singh Hooda	Indian National Congress
Kerala		V. D. Satheesan	Indian National Congress
Madhya Pradesh		Umang Singhar
Meghalaya		Mukul Sangma	Trinamool Congress
Puducherry		R. Siva	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Punjab		Partap Singh Bajwa	Indian National Congress
Rajasthan		Tika Ram Jully
Tripura		Jitendra Chaudhury	Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Uttarakhand		Yashpal Arya	Indian National Congress
Uttar Pradesh		Mata Prasad Pandey	Samajwadi Party

List of current speakers

State Legislative Assemblies

This is the list of current Speakers and Deputy Speakers of the legislative assemblies of the Indian states and union territories:

States	Speaker	Party		Deputy Speaker	Party
Himachal Pradesh	Kuldeep Singh Pathania	INC		Vinay Kumar	INC
Jharkhand	Rabindra Nath Mahato	JMM		Vacant	N/A
Karnataka	U. T. Khader	INC		Rudrappa Manappa Lamani	INC
Kerala	A. N. Shamseer	CPI(M)		Chittayam Gopakumar	CPI
Punjab	Kultar Singh Sandhwan	AAP		Jai Krishan Singh	AAP
Tamil Nadu	M. Appavu	DMK		K. Pitchandi	DMK
Telangana	Gaddam Prasad Kumar	INC		Jatoth Ram Chander Naik	INC
West Bengal	Biman Banerjee	TMC		Asish Banerjee	TMC

Union Territories	Speaker	Party		Deputy Speaker	Party
Jammu and Kashmir	Abdul Rahim Rather	JKNC		Vacant	N/A

Strength in parliament

Party-wise strength

The following is the party-wise strength of INDIA parties in the Parliament of India:

Party		Lok Sabha	Rajya Sabha	Presence
	Indian National Congress (INC)	101 / 543	27 / 245	National Party
	Samajwadi Party (SP)	37 / 543	4 / 245	Uttar Pradesh
	All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)	28 / 543	12 / 245	West Bengal
	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)	22 / 543	10 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Shiv Sena (UBT) (SHS-UBT)	9 / 543	2 / 245	Maharashtra
	Nationalist Congress Party (SCP) (NCP-SP)	8 / 543	2 / 245	Maharashtra
	Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)	4 / 543	5 / 245	Bihar
	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))	4 / 543	4 / 245	National Party
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)	3 / 543	3 / 245	Jharkhand
	Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)	3 / 543	2 / 245	Kerala
	Communist Party of India (CPI)	2 / 543	2 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (CPI(ML)L)	2 / 543	–	Bihar
	Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC)	2 / 543	3 / 245	Jammu and Kashmir
	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK)	2 / 543	–	Tamil Nadu
	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK)	1 / 543	–	Tamil Nadu
	Makkal Needhi Maiam (MNM)	–	1 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Kerala Congress (KEC)	1 / 543	–	Kerala
	Bharat Adivasi Party (BAP)	1 / 543	–	Rajasthan
	Rashtriya Loktantrik Party (RLP)	1 / 543	–	Rajasthan
	Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) (RSP)	1 / 543	–	Kerala
	Voice of the People Party (VPP)	1 / 543	–	Meghalaya
	Anchalik Gana Morcha (AGM)	–	1 / 245	Assam
	Kerala Congress (M) (KCM)	1 / 245	–	Kerala
	IND	1 / 543	1 / 245	–
	Total	235 / 543	80 / 245	India

State-UT-wise strength

State/UT	Lok Sabha				Rajya Sabha
	Total seats	INDIA		Overall tally	Total Seats	INDIA		Overall tally
Andaman and Nicobar	1	None
Andhra Pradesh	25	None			11	None
Arunachal Pradesh	2				1
Assam	14		INC (3)	3 / 14	7		AGM (1)	1 / 7
Bihar	40		RJD (4)	10 / 40	16		RJD (5)	6 / 16
			INC (4)				INC (1)
			CPI(ML)L (2)
Chandigarh	1		INC (1)	1 / 1	None
Chhattisgarh	10		INC (1)	1 / 11	5		INC (4)	4 / 5
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	2	None
Delhi	7	None			3	None
Goa	2		INC (1)	1 / 2	1	None
Gujarat	26		INC (1)	1 / 26	11		INC (1)	1 / 11
Haryana	10		INC (5)	5 / 10	5	None
Himachal Pradesh	4	None			3	None
Jammu and Kashmir	5		JKNC (2)	2 / 5	4		JKNC (3)	3 / 4
Jharkhand	14		JMM (3)	5 / 14	6		JMM (2)	2 / 6
			INC (2)
Karnataka	28		INC (9)	9 / 28	12		INC (5)	5 / 12
Kerala	20		INC (14)	19 / 20	9		CPI(M) (4)	9 / 9
			IUML (2)				IUML (2)
			KEC (2)				INC (1)
			CPI(M) (1)				CPI (2)
			KEC (1)
Ladakh	1		IND (1)	1 / 1	None
Lakshadweep	1		INC (1)	1 / 1
Madhya Pradesh	29	None			11		INC (3)	3 / 11
Maharashtra	48		INC (14)	31 / 48	19		SS(UBT) (2)	7 / 19
			SS(UBT) (9)				INC (3)
			NCP-SP (8)				NCP-SP (2)
Manipur	2		INC (1)	2 / 2	1	None
Meghalaya	2		INC (1)	1 / 2	1
Mizoram	1	None			1
Nagaland	1		INC (1)	1 / 1	1
Odisha	21		INC (1)	1 / 21	10
Puducherry	1		INC (1)	1 / 1	1
Punjab	13		INC (7)	7 / 13	7
Rajasthan	25		INC (8)	11 / 25	10		INC (5)	5 / 10
			RLP (1)
			BAP (1)
			CPI(M) (1)
Sikkim	1	None			1	None
Tamil Nadu	39		DMK (22)	39 / 39	18		DMK (10)	12 / 18
			INC (9)
			VCK (2)				INC (1)
			CPI (2)
			CPI(M) (2)				MNM (1)
			IUML (1)
			MDMK (1)
Telangana	17		INC (8)	8 / 17	7		INC (3)	3 / 7
Tripura	2	None			1	None
Uttar Pradesh	80		SP (37)	43 / 80	31		SP (4)	5 / 31
			INC (6)				IND (1)
Uttarakhand	5	None			3	None
West Bengal	42		AITC (29)	30 / 42	16		AITC (13)	14 / 16
			INC (1)				CPI(M) (1)

Strength in legislative assemblies

•   : In Power

State Wise strength in legislative assemblies

State/UT	Total Seats	Last Election	INDIA		Overall Tally	CM from
Andhra Pradesh	175	2024	None			TDP
Arunachal Pradesh	60	2024		INC (1)	1 / 60	BJP
Assam	126	2021		INC (23)	25 / 126	BJP
				CPI(M) (1)
				RD (1)
Bihar	243	2025		RJD (25)	35 / 243	JD(U)
				INC (6)
				CPI(ML)L (2)
				CPI(M) (1)
				IIP (1)
Chhattisgarh	90	2023		INC (35)	35 / 90	BJP
Delhi	70	2025	None			BJP
Goa	40	2022		INC (3)	4 / 40	BJP
				GFP (1)
Gujarat	182	2022		INC (12)	13 / 182	BJP
				SP (1)
Haryana	90	2024		INC (37)	37 / 90	BJP
Himachal Pradesh	68	2022		INC (40)	40 / 68	INC
Jammu and Kashmir	90	2024		JKNC (41)	59 / 90	JKNC
				INC (6)
				JKPDP (4)
				CPI(M) (1)
				Independent (6)
Jharkhand	81	2024		JMM (34)	56 / 81	JMM
				INC (16)
				RJD (4)
				CPI(ML)L (2)
Karnataka	224	2023		INC (138)	142 / 224	INC
				Independent (2)
Kerala	140	2021		CPI(M) (62)	140 / 140	CPI(M)
				INC (22)
				CPI (17)
				IUML (15)
				KC(M) (5)
				KEC (2)
				NCP-SP (2)
				RJD (1)
				INL (1)
				JKC (1)
				RSP(L) (1)
				KC(B) (1)
				NSC (1)
				Cong(S) (1)
				RMPI (1)
				KC(J) (1)
				Independent (6)
Madhya Pradesh	230	2023		INC (65)	66 / 230	BJP
				BAP (1)
Maharashtra	288	2024		SS(UBT) (20)	50 / 288	SHS
				INC (16)
				NCP-SP (10)
				SP (2)
				PWPI (1)
				CPI(M) (1)
Manipur	60	2022		INC (5)	5 / 60	None
Meghalaya	60	2023		AITC (5)	5 / 60	NPP
Mizoram	40	2023		INC (1)	1 / 40	ZPM
Nagaland	60	2023	None			NDPP
Odisha	147	2024		INC (14)	15 / 147	BJP
				CPI(M) (1)
Puducherry	30	2021		DMK (6)	12 / 33	AINRC
				INC (2)
				Independent (4)
Punjab	117	2022		INC (16)	16 / 117	AAP
Rajasthan	200	2023		INC (67)	71 / 200	BJP
				BAP (4)
Sikkim	32	2024	None			SKM
Tamil Nadu	234	2021		DMK (133)	159 / 234	DMK
				INC (18)
				VCK (4)
				CPI (2)
				CPI(M) (2)
Telangana	119	2023		INC (76)	77 / 119	INC
				CPI (1)
Tripura	60	2023		CPI(M) (10)	13 / 60	BJP
				INC (3)
Uttar Pradesh	403	2022		SP (108)	110 / 403	BJP
				INC (2)
Uttarakhand	70	2022		INC (20)	20 / 70	BJP
West Bengal	294	2021		AITC (226)	226 / 294	AITC
Total	4036			INDIA	1,430 / 4,036

Strength in legislative councils

•   : In power

State/UT	Total seats	INDIA		Overall tally	Party with a plurality/majority
Andhra Pradesh	58	None			TDP
Bihar	75		RJD (16)	22 / 75	JD(U)
			INC (3)
			CPI(ML)L (1)
			RLJP (1)
Karnataka	75		INC (37)	37 / 75	INC
Maharashtra	78 (27 vacant)		INC (7)	17 / 51	SHS
			SS(UBT) (7)
			NCP-SP (3)
Telangana	40		INC (12)	13 / 40	INC
			CPI (1)
Uttar Pradesh	100		SP (10)	10 / 100	BJP
Total	426		INDIA	98 / 426

Electoral performances

Lok Sabha

Election	Seats won	Change	Total votes	Share of votes	Swing	Status	Leader
2024	234 / 543	New	267,717,018	40.6%	New	Opposition	Mallikarjun Kharge

Legislative Assembly

Election	Year	Seats won	Change	Total votes	Share of votes	Swing	Status	Leadership
Haryana	2024	37 / 90	6	5,464,975	39.34%	11.1%	Opposition	Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Jammu and Kashmir	2024	49 / 90	New	20,52,447	35.99%	New	Government	Omar Abdullah Tariq Hameed Karra
Maharashtra	2024	49 / 288	26	22,710,220	35.16%	New	Opposition	Sharad Pawar Udhav Thackeray Nana Patole
Jharkhand	2024	56 / 81	9	7,911,028	44.33	8.98	Government	Hemant Soren Rameshwar Oraon Tejashwi Yadav
Delhi	2025	0 / 70	New	601,922	6.34	2.08	Lost	Devender Yadav
Bihar	2025	35 / 243	76	18,589,587	37.94	New	Opposition	Tejashwi Yadav Rajesh Kumar Dipankar Bhattacharya

Vice presidential elections

Vice President of India

Year	Candidate	Party		Home State	Election		Result
					Votes	%
2025	B. Sudarshan Reddy		Independent	Telangana	300	39.9%	Lost

Candidates in election

2024 general elections

2024 general election

List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election Seat sharing summary INDIA parties seat-sharing Seat-sharing under INDIA bloc Party States/UTs Seats contested Seats won Indian National Congress Karnataka 28 326 9 99 Madhya Pradesh 27 0 Andhra Pradesh 23 0 Gujarat 23 1 Rajasthan 22 8 Odisha 20 1 Maharashtra 17 13 Telangana 17 8 Uttar Pradesh 17 6 Kerala 16 14 Assam 13 3 Punjab 13 7 West Bengal 12 1 Chhattisgarh 11 1 Bihar 9 3 Haryana 9 5 Tamil Nadu 9 9 Jharkhand 7 2 Uttarakhand 5 0 Himachal Pradesh 4 0 Delhi 3 0 Arunachal Pradesh 2 0 Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman Diu 2 0 Goa 2 1 Jammu and Kashmir 2 0 Manipur 2 2 Meghalaya 2 1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 0 Chandigarh 1 1 Ladakh 1 0 Lakshadweep 1 1 Mizoram 1 0 Nagaland 1 1 Puducherry 1 1 Sikkim 1 0 Tripura 1 0 Samajwadi Party Uttar Pradesh 62 37 Communist Party of India (Marxist) West Bengal 23 29 0 3 Tamil Nadu 2 2 Andhra Pradesh 1 0 Bihar 1 0 Rajasthan 1 1 Tripura 1 0 Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 23 24 4 4 Jharkhand 1 0 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 21 22 21 22 Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 1 1 Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Maharashtra 21 9 Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) 10 8 Aam Aadmi Party Delhi 4 7 0 Gujarat 2 Haryana 1 Communist Party of India Tamil Nadu 2 6 2 2 West Bengal 2 0 Andhra Pradesh 1 0 Bihar 1 0 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand 5 6 3 3 Odisha 1 0 Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Bihar 3 4 2 2 Jharkhand 1 0 Revolutionary Socialist Party West Bengal 3 4 0 1 Kerala 1 1 All India Forward Bloc West Bengal 2 3 0 Madhya Pradesh 1 Indian Union Muslim League Kerala 2 3 2 3 Tamil Nadu 1 1 Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 3 2 Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 3 0 Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Tamil Nadu 2 2 All India Trinamool Congress Uttar Pradesh 1 0 Assam Jatiya Parishad Assam 1 0 Bharat Adivasi Party Rajasthan 1 1 Kerala Congress Kerala 1 1 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1 1 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1 1 Total 541 201 INDIA parties under regional coalition/outside the alliance Seats contested by INDIA parties outside the alliance Parties States/UTs Seats contested Seats Won All India Trinamool Congress West Bengal 42 47 29 29 Assam 4 0 Meghalaya 1 0 All India Forward Bloc Maharashtra 8 29 0 Andhra Pradesh 5 Uttar Pradesh 5 Telangana 3 Bihar 2 Delhi 2 Jammu and Kashmir 2 Odisha 1 West Bengal 1 Communist Party of India Uttar Pradesh 6 24 0 Jharkhand 4 Kerala 4 Madhya Pradesh 3 Punjab 3 Assam 1 Chhattisgarh 1 Maharashtra 1 Odisha 1 Communist Party of India (Marxist) Kerala 15 23 1 1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 0 Assam 1 Jharkhand 1 Karnataka 1 Maharashtra 1 Odisha 1 Punjab 1 Telangana 1 Bharat Adivasi Party Madhya Pradesh 5 21 0 Rajasthan 5 Maharashtra 4 Gujarat 2 Jharkhand 2 Andhra Pradesh 1 Chhattisgarh 1 Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman Diu 1 Aam Aadmi Party Punjab 13 15 3 3 Assam 2 0 Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Telangana 7 11 0 Karnataka 2 Andhra Pradesh 1 Kerala 1 Samajwadi Party Andhra Pradesh 7 9 0 Gujarat 1 Odisha 1 Revolutionary Socialist Party Andhra Pradesh 3 6 0 Punjab 2 Telangana 1 Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Andhra Pradesh 1 3 0 Odisha 1 West Bengal 1 Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 3 0 Indian National Congress West Bengal 1 2 0 Rajasthan 1 Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) Haryana 1 2 0 Lakshadweep 1 Kerala Congress (M) Kerala 1 0 Total 196 33

Results

2024 general election

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/– Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance Indian National Congress 136,759,064 99 +47 Samajwadi Party 29,549,381 37 +32 All India Trinamool Congress 28,213,393 29 +7 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 11,754,710 22 – 2 Communist Party of India (Marxist) 11,342,553 4 +1 Rashtriya Janata Dal 10,107,402 4 +4 Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) 9,567,779 9 +9 Aam Aadmi Party 7,147,800 3 +2 Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) 5,921,162 8 +8 Communist Party of India 3,157,184 2 0 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2,652,955 3 +2 Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation 1,736,771 2 +2 Indian Union Muslim League 1,716,186 3 0 Jammu and Kashmir National Conference 1,147,041 2 – 1 Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 990,237 2 +1 Bharat Adivasi Party 1,257,056 1 +1 Kerala Congress 364,631 1 0 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 542,213 1 +1 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party 596,955 1 0 Revolutionary Socialist Party 587,363 1 0 All India Forward Bloc 289,941 0 0 Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party 435,980 0 0 Vikassheel Insaan Party 1,187,455 0 0 Assam Jatiya Parishad 414,441 0 0 Kerala Congress (Mani) 277,365 0 0 Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 0 0 Independents 2 - Total 236 0 Registered voters/turnout 968,821,926 – Source: ECI

Ideology and objectives

According to the Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge, the alliance's ideology revolves around the principles of developmentalism, inclusivity, and social justice. By combining their efforts, the member parties aim to protect democratic values, promote welfare and progress, and counter what they perceive as an ideology that threatens the idea of India. It was formed with the objective of defeating the incumbent BJP led NDA in the 2024 Indian general election.

Resolution

The alliance passed a three-point resolution in its third meeting on 1 September 2023 to collectively contest 2024 Indian General elections.

• We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to contest the forthcoming Lok Sabha elections together as far as possible. Seat-sharing arrangements in different states will be initiated immediately and concluded at the earliest in a collaborative spirit of give-and-take.
• We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to organize public rallies at the earliest in different parts of the country on issues of public concern and importance.
• We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to coordinate our respective communications and media strategies and campaigns with the theme Judega BHARAT, Jeetega INDIA in different languages.

Timeline

2024

Seat sharing

Assam

AAP declared candidates for three Lok Sabha seats in Assam after claiming they were tired of negotiations with Congress for seat sharing.

Delhi

The AAP is likely to fight on 4 seats whereas the Congress may get 3 seats in Delhi.

Punjab

The Congress and AAP declared that they will contest separately in Punjab, in what AAP supremo Arvind Kejriwal described as a "mutual agreement" with "no bad blood" between the parties.

Uttar Pradesh

On 21 February 2024, in a joint press conference, the Congress and the Samajwadi Party announced that the Congress will fight in 17 of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh, leaving the rest for other alliance members. There were also reported to be talks between the Congress and the SP for seat-sharing in Madhya Pradesh, in which the SP may be offered to contest the Khajuraho seat.

West Bengal

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced on 24 January 2024 that the Trinamool Congress (TMC) party would run alone in the state's forthcoming general elections. Other members of the alliance will contest as part of there Secular Democratic Alliance.

Past members

Party		Base State	Leader	Year of withdrawal	Notes	Reference(s)
	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar	Nitish Kumar	2024	Joined NDA.
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	Jayant Chaudhary	2024
	Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)	Uttar Pradesh	Pallavi Patel	2024	Allied with All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen in PDM.
	Janvadi Party (Socialist)	Uttar Pradesh	Sanjay Chauhan	2024
	Aam Aadmi Party	Delhi, Punjab	Arvind Kejriwal	2025

Exits

On 28 January 2024, Nitish Kumar resigned as the Chief Minister of Bihar and decided to leave the Mahagathbandhan alliance, a part of the INDIA bloc in Bihar, by expressing dissatisfaction with the functioning of the government. He rejoined the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

The Rashtriya Lok Dal left the bloc to join the BJP-led NDA on 14 January 2024.

The Aam Aadmi Party quit the bloc in 2025.

See also

• Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)
• Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)
• United Democratic Front (Kerala)
• Maha Vikas Aghadi (Maharashtra)
• Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance (Manipur)
• Secular Democratic Forces (Tripura)
• Secular Progressive Alliance (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry)
• Secular Democratic Alliance (West Bengal)
• 2024 Indian general election
• 2025 elections in India

Note

1. Members consists of right-wing to far-left parties.
2. Two more Congress members also fought as independent outside the alliance and supported after elected as MP, taking the tally to 236. Later, one independent MP supported Congress, taking the tally to 237. Later lone MP from each ASP (KR) and VPP extended their support in issue based matters, making tally 238. Later AAP quit the alliance, dropping its tally to 235.
3. Including two more Congress members also fought as independent outside the alliance.