This is a timeline of the Chagatai Khanate (1226–1348) and its successor states, Moghulistan (1347–1462), Yarkent Khanate (1514–1696), and the Turpan Khanate (1462–1680).
12th century
1180s
Year
Date
Event
1183
22 December
Chagatai is born
13th century
1200s
Year
Date
Event
1208
Qocho, Qayaligh, and Almaliq submit to Genghis Khan; Almaliq and the Issyk-Kul region given to Chagatai
Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana
Chagatai oversees the road construction for the Mongol Empire
1220s
Year
Date
Event
1220
Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and Samarkand (given to Chagatai along with Jimsar County) and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan
1221
April
Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat
Siege of Bamyan: Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process
1227
Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Chagatai takes Taiyuan and gains the advisors Vajir the Uyghur and Qutb-ud-Din Habash 'Amid
1229
Chagatai supports Ögedei's enthronement and is granted Transoxiana
1240s
Year
Date
Event
1242
1 July
Chagatai Khan dies and his grandson Qara Hülegü succeeds him
1246
Güyük Khan appoints Yesü Möngke as head of the Chagatai Khanate
1250s
Year
Date
Event
1251
Möngke Khan appoints Qara Hülegü as head of the Chagatai Khanate, who dies soon after, and his wife Orghana becomes regent for her young son Mubarak Shah
1260s
Year
Date
Event
1260
Toluid Civil War: Alghu, a grandson of Chagatai Khan, deposes Mubarak Shah, an appointee to the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol Empire, and sets up court in Kashgar while attacking Otrar and Afghanistan
1262
Toluid Civil War: Alghu betrays Ariq Böke and allies with Kublai Khan
1266
Alghu dies and is succeeded by Mubarak Shah, who is deposed by Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq
1269
Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq is defeated by the Golden Horde and loses a third of Transoxiana
1270s
Year
Date
Event
1270
Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat
1271
Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq dies and Kaidu takes control of the Chagatai Khanate, installing Negübei as puppet khan
1275
Chagatai Khanate gains Ghazni
1276
Chagatai Khanate secures control of Almaliq
1280s
Year
Date
Event
1282
Kaidu enthrones Duwa as khan of the Chagatai Khanate
1286
Chagatai Khanate secures control of the Tarim Basin
1290s
Year
Date
Event
1291
Chagatai Khanate raids Ilkhanate
1292
Chagatai Khanate raids India
1295
Chagatai Khanate secures control of Turpan and Hami
1298
winter
Kaidu–Kublai war: Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate defeats Yuan forces in Mongolia and captures Temür Khan's son in law, Körgüz
14th century
1300s
Year
Date
Event
1301
September
Kaidu–Kublai war: Duwa and Kaidu suffer injuries in battle with Yuan forces east of the Altai Mountains and Kaidu dies soon after
1304
Temür Khan, Chapar Khan of the House of Ögedei, and Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate send envoys to the Ilkhanate to establish peace and restore unity among Mongols; Chagatai Khanate becomes a Yuan tributary
1306
Temür Khan sends Külüg Khan to aid Duwa in his war against Chapar Khan
1307
Chapar Khan is defeated and Duwa installs his brother Yangichar as puppet
Duwa dies and his son Könchek succeeds him
1308
Könchek dies and Taliqu, a Muslim grandson of Büri, succeeds him
1309
Kebek, son of Duwa, murders Taliqu and enthrones his brother Esen Buqa I
1310s
Year
Date
Event
1312
Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni
1316
Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate
1318
Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Esen Buqa I dies and Kebek succeeds him
1320s
Year
Date
Event
1326
Kebek dies and his brother Eljigidey succeeds him
1328
Chagatai Khanate invades India, reaching as far as Delhi
1330s
Year
Date
Event
1330
Eljigidey is deposed by his brother Duwa Temür
1331
Duwa Temür is deposed by his brother Tarmashirin, who converts to Islam
1334
Rebels discontent with the conversion to Islam killTarmashirin, who is succeeded by Buzan, his nephew
1335
Buzan is overthrown by his cousin Changshi
1338
Changshi is murdered by his brother Yesun Temur, who succeeds him
Black Death strikes the Chagatai Khanate
1340s
Year
Date
Event
1342
Yesun Temur is deposed by 'Ali-Sultan
1347
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur is defeated by Amir Qazaghan, who sets up Danishmendji, an Ögedeiid prince, as puppet khan; effective end of the united Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate is split in two, with Amir Qazaghan taking control of the western portion (Transoxania) and Tughlugh Timur the eastern portion (Moghulistan)
1348
Transoxania: Danishmendji is killed by Amir Qazaghan, who enthrones Bayan Qulï as khan
1350s
Year
Date
Event
1350
Moghulistan: Tughlugh Timur gets circumsized and becomes a Muslim
1351
Transoxania: Amir Qazaghan attacks the Kart dynasty and sacks Herat
1357
Transoxania: Amir Qazaghan is assassinated and his son Abdullah succeeds him
1358
Transoxania: Abdullha had Bayan Qulï killed, angering Hajji Beg, Timur's uncle, the lord of Kesh, who drove him into exile and his death
1360s
Year
Date
Event
1360
March
Moghulistan: Tughlugh Timur invades Transoxania and forces Hajji Beg to retreat to Khorasan; where he is assassinated at Shindand; Timur becomes head of the Barlas clan due to the death of Hajji Beg
1363
Transoxania: Amir Husayn and Timur invade and take Transoxania from Moghulistan; while fleeing Ilyas Khoja learns of his father Tughlugh Timur's death
1364
Transoxania: Amir Husayn and Timur enthrone Khabul Shah
1365
Moghulistan: Ilyas Khoja invades Transoxania and lays siege to Samarkand but is forced to retreat after his army is hit by an epidemic
1368
Moghulistan: Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat murders Ilyas Khoja and usurps the title of khan
1370s
Year
Date
Event
1370
10 April
Transoxania: Timur proclaims himself Amir in Balkh after defeating Amir Husayn and enthrones Suurgatmish as khan, killing Khabul Shah
1375
Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan, devastating the Ili region, to which Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat responds by invading Fergana and ambushing Timur, who barelly escapes
1380s
Year
Date
Event
1388
Transoxania: Timur declares himself sultan and enthrones Sultan Mahmud as khan after Suurgatmish dies
1389
Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan reaching almost Turpan and defeating Khizr Khoja
1390s
Year
Date
Event
1390
Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan and drives Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat into hiding, enabling Khizr Khoja to gain control of the region
1397
Moghulistan: Khizr Khoja's daughter marries Timur
1399
Moghulistan: Khizr Khoja dies and his son Shams-i-Jahan succeeds him
15th century
1400s
Year
Date
Event
1400
Transoxania: Timur sends his grandson Mirza Iskander to invade Moghulistan, seizing Aksu and Khotan
1402
Transoxania: Sultan Mahmud dies; effective end of the Western Chagatai Khanate
1408
Shams-i-Jahan is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Khan
1410s
Year
Date
Event
1415
Muhammad Khan is succeeded by his brother Naqsh-i-Jahan
1418
Naqsh-i-Jahan is succeeded by Uwais Khan
1420s
Year
Date
Event
1421
Uwais Khan is succeeded by Sher Muhammad
1425
Shah Rukh sends his son Ulugh Beg to invade Moghulistan and defeats Sher Muhammad; Uwais Khan becomes ruler of Moghulistan again
1429
Uwais Khan is killed by Satuq Khan; two factions supporting his sons Esen Buqa II and Yunus Khan go to war with Esen winning
1430s
Year
Date
Event
1433
Moghulistan recovers Kashgar from the Timurid Empire
1450s
Year
Date
Event
1451
Esen Buqa II raids the Timurid Empire; in response Abu Sa'id Mirza lends Yunus Khan troops to occupy Moghulistan near the Ili River, splitting the western portion into what would come to be known as the Yarkent Khanate
1460s
Year
Date
Event
1462
Esen Buqa II dies and is succeeded by his son Dost Muhammad
1469
Dost Muhammad dies and is succeeded by his son Kebek Sultan
1470s
Year
Date
Event
1472
Kebek Sultan is assassinated, leaving Yunus Khan sole ruler of Moghulistan
1473
Ming–Turpan conflict: Yunus Khan occupies Hami
1479
Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat rebels and takes possession of Yarkand, defeating Yunus Khan twice
1480s
Year
Date
Event
1482
Ming–Turpan conflict: Hami is retaken by Qanšin
1484
Taking advantage of the conflict between Umar Shaikh Mirza II and Sultan Ahmed Mirza, Yunus Khan occupies Fergana and Sayram
1484
Ahmad Alaq founds the Kyrgyz Khanate
1486
Yunus Khan dies and is succeeded by his sons Ahmad Alaq (Turpan Khanate) and Mahmud Khan (Yarkent Khanate)
1488
Yarkent Khanate: Mahmud Khan defeats a Timurid invasion
Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq kills Qanšin and takes control of Hami
1489
Ming–Turpan conflict: Engke Bolad retakes Hami
1490s
Year
Date
Event
1493
Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq captures Šamba and occupies Hami
1497
Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq abandons Hami
1499
Turpan Khanate: Ahmad Alaq seizes Kashgar and Yengisar from Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat
16th century
1500s
Year
Date
Event
1502
Muhammad Shaybani captures both Ahmad Alaq and Mahmud Khan in battle
1503
Turpan Khanate: Muhammad Shaybani releases the Moghul khans but Ahmad Alaq dies soon after and is succeeded by his son Mansur Khan
1508
Yarkent Khanate: Mahmud Khan is defeated by his nephew Sultan Said Khan, flees to Muhammad Shaybani, who executes him
1509
Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat captures Kashgar
1510s
Year
Date
Event
1513
Ming–Turpan conflict: Kara Del submits to Mansur Khan
1514
Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan overthrows Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat and takes all of his territory, ruling it in his own right; so ends the unified Moghulistan
1517
Ming–Turpan conflict: Mansur Khan launches raids into the Ming dynasty
1520s
Year
Date
Event
1529
Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan invades Badakhshan
1530s
Year
Date
Event
1533
Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan dies while trying to invade Tibet and is succeeded by his son Abdurashid Khan - during his reign he loses the northern pastures to nomads
1540s
Year
Date
Event
1543
Makhdum-i-Azam dies and his sons create the Aq Taghliq and Qara Taghliq religious orders
1545
Turpan Khanate: Mansur Khan is succeeded by his son Shah Khan
1550s
Year
Date
Event
1558
Yarkent Khanate: Kazakh Khanate invades but is repelled
1560s
Year
Date
Event
1565
Yarkent Khanate: Abdurashid Khan is succeeded by his son Abdul Karim Khan
1570s
Year
Date
Event
1570
Turpan Khanate: Shah Khan dies and is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan; records don't mention much of the Turpan Khanate after this
1590s
Year
Date
Event
1593
Yarkent Khanate: Abdul Karim Khan is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Sultan
Yarkent Khanate: Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan is assassinated and succeeded by Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan
1630s
Year
Date
Event
1631
Yarkent Khanate: Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan is succeeded by his nephew Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan)
1636
Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) is overthrown by Abdallah (Moghul Khan)
1650s
Year
Date
Event
1655
Yarkent Khanate: Yarkent becomes a tributary of the Qing dynasty
1660s
Year
Date
Event
1667
Yarkent Khanate: Abdallah (Moghul Khan) is overthrown by his son, YuIbars Khan
1670s
Year
Date
Event
1670
Yarkent Khanate: Yulbars Khan is overthrown and his uncle Ismail Khan is enthroned
1678
Dzungar conquest of Altishahr: Ismail Khan drives out to the Aq Taghliq Khoja Afaq Khoja, who seeks help from the 5th Dalai Lama, who in turn writes a letter to the Dzungar Khanate for help.
1680s
Year
Date
Event
1680
Dzungar conquest of Altishahr: The Dzungars invade and kill Ismail's family. Abd ar-Rashid Khan II is installed as ruler.
1682
Riots break out, forcing Abd ar-Rashid Khan II to flee; his brother Muhammad Imin Khan succeeds him
1690s
Year
Date
Event
1693
Muhammad Imin Khan invades the Dzungar Khanate but is overthrown by Afaq Khoja, whose son Yahiya Khoja is enthroned
1695
Afaq Khoja and Yahiya Khoja are killed in a rebellion
1696
Akbash Khan is enthroned but the begs of Kashgar refuse to acknowledge him. Dzungar troops are brought in by Akbash to enforce his rule. However the Dzungars install Mirza Alim Shah Beg; so ends the Yarkent Khanate and Chagatai rule
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