The Wenchang dialect (simplified Chinese: 文昌话; traditional Chinese: 文昌話; pinyin: Wénchānghuà) is a dialect of Hainanese spoken in Wenchang, a county-level city in the northeast of Hainan, an island province in southern China.
| Wenchang | |
|---|---|
| 文昌话 | |
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Wenchang, Hainan |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
|
Early forms | Proto-Sino-Tibetan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | wenc1234 Wenchang |
| Linguasphere | > 79-AAA-kdb 79-AAA-kd > 79-AAA-kdb |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
It is considered the prestige form of Hainanese, and is used by the provincial broadcasting media.
Phonology
The initials of the Wenchang dialect are as follows:
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop / Affricate | voiceless | t | tɕ | k | ʔ | |
| voiced implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | dʑ | g | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ | s | ɕ | h | |
| voiced | (w) | (j) | ɦ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
The semivowels [w] and [j] are in complementary distribution with [ɦ], and may be treated as allophones of the same phoneme. The voiced stops /d/ and /g/ occur with only about ten words each.
There are five vowels, /i/, /u/, /ɛ/, /ɔ/ and /a/. The high vowels /i/ and /u/ may also occur as medials.
The possible finals are:
| Vocalic codas | Nasal codas | Stop codas | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a 阿 | ai 爱 | au后 | am 暗 | an 安 | aŋ 红 | ap 盒 | at 达 | ak 北 |
| ɛ 下 | ei 事 | eiŋ 英 | eik 益 | |||||
| i 皮 | iu 手 | in 新 | ip 邑 | it 必 | ||||
| ia 写 | iau妖 | iam 念 | iɛn 联 | iaŋ 谁 | iap 狭 | iɛt 捏 | iak 菊 | |
| iɔ 笑 | iom心 | iɔŋ 用 | iop 涩 | iɔk 育 | ||||
| ɔ 歌 | ɔi 鞋 | ou 侯 | ɔm 栾 | ɔn 春 | ɔŋ 公 | ɔp 合 | ɔt 黜 | ɔk 乐 |
| u 有 | ui 气 | un 轮 | ut 脫 | |||||
| ua 娃 | uai 快 | uan 湾 | uaŋ 广 | uat挖 | uak 廓 | |||
| ue 话 | ||||||||
| m̩ 毋 | ŋ̍ 嗯 | |||||||
The Wenchang dialect has six tones on isolated syllabes:
| level (píng 平) | rising (shàng 上) | departing (qù 去) | entering (rù 入) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| upper (yīn 阴) | ˦ | ʔ˨˩ | ˩ | ʔ˥˩ |
| lower (yáng 阳) | ˧ | ʔ˦˨ | ||
Notes
- Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.
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