This list of ruling political parties by country is presented in the form of a table that includes a link to an overview of political parties with parliamentary representation in each country and shows which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.
The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority (or sometimes a plurality) in parliament. It generally forms the central government. In other countries, the party of the executive may differ from the majority party in the legislature.
Sovereign states
| Country | Party system | Ruling party or coalition Other parties | Last election |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Multi-party | Socialist Party of Albania Democratic Party – Alliance for a Greater Albania (PD, PL, PDIU, PAA, PBDNJ, PR, PBDNJ), PSD, PM, LSDB, LB | 2025 (parliament) |
| Algeria | Multi-party | National Liberation Front, RND, Future Front, El-Bina MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS | 2024 (presidential) 2021 (legislative) |
| Andorra | Multi-party | Democrats for Andorra, Committed Citizens, Action, Liberals Concord, Social Democratic Party, Andorra Forward | 2023 (parliament) |
| Angola | Dominant-party | People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola UNITA, PRS, FNLA, PHA | 2022 (general) |
Antigua and Barbuda | Dominant-party | Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement | 2023 (general) |
| Argentina | Multi-party | La Libertad Avanza–CREO, PRO–MID, ELI, Independence, FyL, PyT, SF Union for the Homeland, EF, UCR, DpS, FIT–Unidad, UCR, IF, CC–ARI, SER, DSF, MPN, Unidos, TBT, RU | 2023 (general) |
| Armenia | Multi-party | Civil Contract Armenia Alliance (ARF, independents), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, independents), Homeland Party | 2021 (parliament) |
| Australia | Multi-party | Australian Labor Party Coalition (Liberal, National) (off. opp.), Greens, KAP, CA, One Nation, AV, JLN, UAP | 2025 (federal) |
| Austria | Multi-party | Austrian People's Party, Social Democratic Party, NEOS Freedom Party, The Greens | 2024 (legislative) |
| Azerbaijan | Dominant-party | New Azerbaijan Party, VHP, BAP, AVP, AMİP, ADMP, BQP ƏHD, REAL, MCP, DİP | 2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Bahamas | Two-party | Progressive Liberal Party Free National Movement, Coalition of Independents | 2021 (general) |
| Bahrain | Dominant-party | Pro-monarchy independents, Al Rabitah, Gathering of National Unity Progressive Democratic Tribune | 2022 (general) |
| Bangladesh | Multi-party | Transitional non-partisan government Legislature dissolved, Awami League | 2024 (general) See also: 2024 revolution |
| Barbados | Two-party | Barbados Labour Party Democratic Labour Party | 2022 (general) |
| Belarus | Dominant-party | Belaya Rus, RPTS, Communist Party Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus | 2025 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Belgium | Multi-party | N-VA, MR, Les Engagés, Vooruit, CD&V, LDD VB, PS, PTB-PVDA, Open Vld, Groen, Ecolo, DéFI | 2024 (general) |
| Flanders | Multi-party | N-VA, Vooruit, CD&V VB, Groen, Open Vld, PVDA, TFA | 2024 (parliament) |
| Wallonia | Multi-party | MR, LE PS, PTB, Ecolo | 2024 (parliament) |
| Brussels | Multi-party | PS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Vooruit, Open Vld MR, PTB/PVDA, LE, TFA, N-VA, VB, CD&V | 2024 (parliament) |
| Multi-party | ProDG, CSP, PFF Vivant, SP, Ecolo | 2024 (parliament) | |
| Belize | Two-party | People's United Party United Democratic Party | 2025 (general) |
| Benin | Multi-party | Progressive Union Renewal, Republican Bloc The Democrats | 2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament) |
| Bhutan | Two-party | People's Democratic Party Bhutan Tendrel Party | 2023–24 (legislative) |
| Bolivia | Multi-party | Movement for Socialism Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS) | 2020 (general) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Multi-party | SNSD, SDP, HDZ, NiP, NS, DEMOS, US, BHI KF SDA, DF-Civic Alliance, SDS, PDP, NES, ZPR, NPD, ZNG | 2022 (general) |
| Botswana | Multi-party | Umbrella for Democratic Change (BNF, AP, BPP), Botswana Patriotic Front Botswana Congress Party (official opposition), Botswana Democratic Party | 2024 (general) |
| Brazil | Multi-party | Brazil of Hope (PT, PCdoB, PV), MDB, PSB, PDT, PSD, PSOL–REDE, Avante, SDD União, PP, PL, REP, PSDB–CDN, PODE, PRD, NOVO | 2022 (general) |
| Brunei | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | No elections |
| Bulgaria | Multi-party | GERB–SDS, BSP–OL, ITN, DPS–NN PP–DB, Revival, DPS–DPS, MECh, Velichie | 2021 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
Burkina Faso | Military junta | Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (civilian government suspended) | 2022 coup d'état |
| Burundi | Dominant-party | National Council for the Defense of Democracy National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress | 2025 (general) |
| Cambodia | Dominant-party | Cambodian People's Party FUNCINPEC, Khmer Will Party | 2023 (parliament) |
| Cameroon | Dominant-party | Cameroon People's Democratic Movement, UNDP, FNSC SDF, CPNR, UDC, MDR, USM | 2018 (presidential) 2020 (parliament) |
| Canada | Multi-party | Liberal Party (minority) Conservative Party (official opposition), Bloc Québécois, NDP, Green Party | 2025 (federal) |
| Cape Verde | Multi-party | Movement for Democracy PAICV (president's party), UCID | 2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament) |
Central African Republic | Dominant-party | United Hearts Movement Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MLPC, MOUNI, RDC and others | 2020–21 (general) |
| Chad | Dominant-party | Patriotic Salvation Movement RNDT, RDP, UNDR, URD, FAR, Les Transformateurs | 2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Chile | Multi-party | Unity for Chile (FA, PS, PCCh, PPD, PL, PR, AH, FREVS), PDC Chile Vamos (UDI, RN, Evópoli), PLR, PNL, PSC, Democrats, Amarillos | 2021 (general) |
| China (PRC) | One-party | Chinese Communist Party, minor parties (JS, CPWDP, CDL, CAPD, CNDCA, RCCK, TDSL, CZGP) | 2023 (congressional) |
| Colombia | Multi-party | Historic Pact, AV, Comunes, CR, FC, GeM, MAIS, PDC, PEC Opp.: CR, CD, LIGA. Ind.: PLC, PCC, Partido de la U, NL, DyC, MIRA, PVO | 2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential) |
| Comoros | Dominant-party | Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros Party for the Reform of Institutions | 2025 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Congo | Dominant-party | Congolese Party of Labour, MAR, Club 2002–PUR, RDPS, CPR, URDP, RC UPADS, UDH–Yuki, PRL, MUST, DRD, APC, MDP, MCDDI | 2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament) |
| DR Congo | Multi-party | Sacred Union of the Nation (UDPS, AA, UNC, AFDC, AB, TDC, AAAP, A/B50, MLC, AACPG, 4AC, A24, AA/C, PALU, etc.) Together for the Republic, Avançons-MS, NOU.EL, DYPRO, LGD | 2023 (general) 2024 (senate) |
| Costa Rica | Multi-party | Social Democratic Progress Party (minority) PLN, PUSC, PNR, PLP, Broad Front | 2022 (general) |
| Croatia | Multi-party | Croatian Democratic Union, DP, HSLS, HNS, N–HSU, HDS SDP, Možemo!, Most, Centar–NPS, DOMiNO–HS, HSS–GLAS–DO i SIP, SDSS, IDS-DDI | 2024–25 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Cuba | One-party | Communist Party of Cuba | 2023 (parliament) |
| Cyprus | Multi-party | Democratic Party, Democratic Alignment, EDEK (minority) Democratic Rally, AKEL, ELAM, KOSP, Volt, DEK | 2023 (presidential) 2021 (legislative) |
Czech Republic | Multi-party | SPOLU (ODS, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09), Mayors and Independents, Personalities for the Region ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy, Czech Pirate Party | 2021 (parliament) 2023 (presidential) |
| Denmark | Multi-party | Social Democrats, Venstre, Moderates, Union Party, Jf, IA, Naleraq Denmark Democrats, SF, LA, DKF, EL, DF, RV, Alternative, BP | 2022 (general) |
| Djibouti | Dominant-party | Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR) Djibouti Union for Democracy and Justice | 2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament) |
| Dominica | Dominant-party | Dominica Labour Party No parliamentary opposition; Team Unity Dominica, United Workers' Party | 2022 (general) |
Dominican Republic | Multi-party | Modern Revolutionary Party, PRSC, PRSD, DxC, PLR. PNVC, PCR, ALPAÍS, APD, PPG, PRI People's Force, Dominican Liberation Party, PRD, PQDC, PSC | 2024 (general) |
| Timor-Leste | Multi-party | National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, Democratic Party FRETILIN, KHUNTO, People's Liberation Party | 2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential) |
| Ecuador | Multi-party | National Democratic Action, PSP, Construye RC, Pachakutik, PSC, RETO, Popular Unity | 2025 (general) |
| Egypt | Dominant-party | Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP | 2023 (presidential) 2020 (parliament) 2025 (senate) |
| El Salvador | Dominant-party | Nuevas Ideas, National Coalition Party, Christian Democratic Party Nationalist Republican Alliance, Vamos | 2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
Equatorial Guinea | Dominant-party | Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea No parliamentary opposition, Convergence for Social Democracy | 2022 (general) |
| Eritrea | One-party | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | Elections postponed |
| Estonia | Multi-party | Reform Party, Estonia 200 Social Democratic Party, Isamaa, EKRE, Centre Party, ERK | 2023 (parliament) |
| Eswatini | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (general) |
| Ethiopia | Dominant-party | Prosperity Party NaMA, EZEMA, GPDP | 2021 (general) |
| Fiji | Multi-party | People's Alliance, National Federation Party, SODELPA Independents (Ex-FijiFirst) | 2022 (general) |
| Finland | Multi-party | Kokoomus, Finns, Swedish People's Party, KD SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Movement Now | 2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| France | Multi-party | Ensemble (RE, MoDem, HOR, UDI, PR, EC), LR, LC, AC NFP (LFI, PS, LÉ, PCF, PP, REV, GRS), UXD (RN, UDR, IDL), R&PS | 2022 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
| Gabon | Dominant-party | Independents(Rally of Builders) Ensemble pour le Gabon,Gabonese Patriotic Party,Large Rassemblement Arc-en-ciel | 2025 (presidential) |
| Gambia | Multi-party | National People's Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC United Democratic Party, PDOIS | 2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament) |
| Georgia | Dominant-party | Georgian Dream, People's Power CfC (Ahali, Girchi–MF, Droa, Rep), U–NM (UNM, SA, EG, P&F), SG (Lelo, FtP, Citizens, FS), FG, CPG | 2024 (parliament) |
| Germany | Multi-party | Union (CDU, CSU), Social Democratic Party Alternative for Germany, Greens, Die Linke, SSW | 2025 (federal) |
| Ghana | Two-party | National Democratic Congress New Patriotic Party | 2024 (general) |
| Greece | Multi-party | New Democracy PASOK–KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), Syriza, KKE, Greek Solution, NA, Niki, Course of Freedom, Spartans | 2023 (legislative) |
| Grenada | Two-party | National Democratic Congress New National Party | 2022 (general) |
| Guatemala | Multi-party | Semilla, Winaq–URNG Vamos, UNE, Cabal, ViVa, Valor, VOS, Todos, PPN, BIEN, Victoria, PA, CE, CREO, Cambio | 2023 (general) |
| Guinea | Military junta | CNRD (civilian government suspended) | 2021 coup d'état |
Guinea-Bissau | Military junta | HMCRNSPO (civilian government suspended) | 2025 coup d'état |
| Guyana | Multi-party | People's Progressive Party/Civic WIN, APNU (PNCR and others), FG | 2025 (general) |
| Haiti | Multi-party | Transitional non-partisan government; TPC member parties: FL, OPL, PPD, EDE, REN Parliament dissolved; PHTK, Inite, Haiti in Action, RDNP, Renmen, UNCRH, PFSDH | 2016–17 (senate) 2016 (presidential) |
| Honduras | Multi-party | Liberty and Refoundation, Innovation and Unity Party, Anti-Corruption Party National Party, Liberal Party, Savior Party of Honduras | 2021 (general) |
| Hungary | Dominant-party | Fidesz–KDNP (Fidesz, KDNP), LdU DK, Momentum, MSZP, Jobbik, Mi Hazánk, Dialogue–Greens, LMP, ANPM | 2022 (parliament) |
| Iceland | Multi-party | Samfylkingin, Viðreisn, People's Party Independence Party, Centre Party, Progressive Party | 2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| India | Multi-party | NDA (BJP, AIADMK, TDP, JD(U), SHS, LJP(RV), JD(S), JSP, RLD, AD(S), AGP, AJSU, HAM(S), NCP, SKM, UPPL) INDIA (INC, SP, AITC, DMK, SS(UBT), NCP(SP), CPI(M), RJD, AAP, IUML, JMM, CPI, CPI(ML)L, JKNC, VCK, BAP, RSP, VPP, KEC, MDMK, RLP) Others (YSRCP, AD(WPD), SAD, ASP(KR), AIMIM, ZPM, BSP, BRS, AIUDF, RLP) | 2024 (general) |
| Indonesia | Multi-party | KIM Plus (Gerindra, Golkar, PKB, PAN, Demokrat), PDI-P, NasDem, PKS | 2024 (general) |
| Iran | Two-party | Reformists (executive majority) Principlists (legislative, judicial, and oversight majority) | 2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
| Iraq | Multi-party | Takadum, State of Law, PDK, Fatah, Kurdistan Alliance, Azem, Victory Alliance, Babylon, Furatayn Emtidad, NGM, National Contract, Tasmim, Ishraqat Kanoon, NPI, MDR, others | 2021 (parliament) |
| Kurdistan | Multi-party | Kurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Gorran, Naway Nwe, Kurdistan Justice Group, Yekgirtû | 2024 (parliament) |
| Ireland | Multi-party | Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP–S, Green Party, 100% Redress, Independent Ireland, Aontú | 2024 (general) |
| Israel | Multi-party | Likud, Shas, Mafdal–RZ, UTJ, Otzma, New Hope Yesh Atid, National Unity, Yisrael Beiteinu, Ra'am, Hadash–Ta'al, Democrats, Noam | 2022 (legislative) |
| Italy | Multi-party | Brothers of Italy, League, Forza Italia, Us Moderates, MAIE, DCR, UdC PD–IDP (PD, DemoS, CD), M5S, Az, AVS (EV, SI, PP), IV, +E, SVP, ScN, UV | 2022 (general) |
| Ivory Coast | Dominant-party | Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR) PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI | 2020 (presidential) 2021 (parliament) |
| Jamaica | Two-party | Jamaica Labour Party People's National Party | 2025 (general) |
| Japan | Multi-party | Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Reiwa, Communist Party, Sanseitō, CPJ, SDP | 2024 (general) 2025 (upper house) |
| Jordan | Dominant-party | Pro-monarchy independents, National Charter Party, Eradah Party, Progress Party Islamic Action Front, National Islamic Party, National Union Movement, Communist Party | 2024 (general) |
| Kazakhstan | Dominant-party | Amanat Auyl, Respublica, Aq Jol, People's Party, JSDP | 2022 (presidential) 2023 (legislative) |
| Kenya | Multi-party | Kenya Kwanza (UDA, ANC, FORD–K, UDM, TSP, MCC, UPIA, UPA, CCK, DP, GDDP, MDG) Azimio (ODM, Jubilee, WDM–K, DAP–K, KANU, KUP, NOPEU, NAP–K, UDP) | 2022 (general) |
| Kiribati | Two-party | Tobwaan Kiribati Party Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party | 2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Korea (DPRK) | One-party | Workers' Party of Korea, other minor parties (KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party) | 2019 (parliament) |
| Korea (ROK) | Multi-party | Democratic Party People Power Party, Rebuilding Korea, New Reform, Progressive Party, BIP, SDP | 2025 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
| Kuwait | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2024 (general) |
| Kyrgyzstan | Multi-party | Mekenchil, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak Eldik, Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Light of Faith, SDK, Afghans' Party | 2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament) |
| Laos | One-party | Lao People's Revolutionary Party | 2021 (parliament) |
| Latvia | Multi-party | New Unity, Union of Greens and Farmers, The Progressives United List, National Alliance, For Stability!, Latvia First | 2022 (parliament) |
| Lebanon | Multi-party | Acting gov't: FPM, Amal, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, ARF, Al-Ahbash, Ba'ath, UP, JI LF, Kataeb, Taqaddom, Al Haraka, Tahalof Watani, ReLebanon, Khatt Ahmar, Lana, Osos, NDP, PNO | 2022 (general) |
| Lesotho | Multi-party | Revolution for Prosperity, BAP, AD, MEC, LCD, LPC, HOPE Democratic Congress, ABC, SR, BNP, PFD, BCM, MPS, NIP, UFC, BPP | 2022 (general) |
| Liberia | Two-party | Unity Party Congress for Democratic Change, other small parties | 2023 (general) |
| Libya | Non-partisan | Government of National Unity, Government of National Stability Independents | 2014 (parliament) |
| Liechtenstein | Multi-party | Patriotic Union, Progressive Citizens' Party Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein | 2025 (general) |
| Lithuania | Multi-party | LSDP, Dawn of Nemunas, DSVL TS–LKD, LS, LVŽS, DP, LLRA–KŠS, NS, Freedom and Justice | 2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Luxembourg | Multi-party | Christian Social People's Party, Democratic Party LSAP, ADR, The Greens, Pirate Party, The Left | 2023 (general) |
| Madagascar | Dominant-party | IRMAR (TGV, ADN, AKFM, AVANA, AVI, MDM, RPSD) Firaisankina (TIM, HVM, Pro-Siteny, TT, APM), FIVOI, KOL, Green, GJMP | 2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Malawi | Multi-party | Malawi Congress Party, United Transformation Movement, independents Democratic Progressive Party, UDF, People's Party, AFORD | 2019 (parliament) 2020 (presidential) |
| Malaysia | Multi-party | PH (PKR, DAP, Amanah, UPKO), BN (UMNO, MCA, MIC, PBRS), GPS (PBB, PRS, PDP, SUPP), GRS (GAGASAN RAKYAT, PBS, STAR, PHRS, USNO, LDP-Sabah, SAPP, PCS), Warisan, KDM, PBM PN (PAS, BERSATU, MIPP, GERAKAN RAKYAT), MUDA | 2022 (general) |
| Maldives | Multi-party | People's National Congress Maldivian Democratic Party, MDA, Jumhooree Party, MNP, Adhaalath Party, MLSDP | 2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Mali | Military junta | Malian Armed Forces (civilian government suspended) | 2021 coup d'état |
| Malta | Two-party | Labour Party Nationalist Party | 2022 (general) |
Marshall Islands | Two-party | Independents (Pro-Heine) Independents (Pro-Kabua) | 2023 (general) |
| Mauritania | Multi-party | Equity Party, AND, El Islah, UDP, El Karama, Nida El Watan, HATEM, HIWAR, El Vadila Tewassoul, Hope Mauritania, Sawab–RAG, AJD/MR, State of Justice | 2024 (presidential) 2023 (parliament) |
| Mauritius | Multi-party | Alliance du Changement (Labour Party, MMM, New Democrats, ReA), OPR, Alliance Liberation Militant Socialist Movement, Social Democratic Party | 2024 (general) |
| Mexico | Multi-party | Morena, Ecologist Green Party, Labor Party National Action Party, Institutional Revolutionary Party, Citizens' Movement | 2024 (general) |
| Micronesia | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (parliament) |
| Moldova | Multi-party | Party of Action and Solidarity Bloc of Communists and Socialists (PSRM, PCRM), Victory (ȘOR–Independents, Revival), MAN | 2021 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Monaco | Multi-party | UNM (Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque) No parliamentary opposition; New Ideas for Monaco | 2023 (parliament) |
| Mongolia | Multi-party | Mongolian People's Party, Democratic Party, HUN Party National Coalition (Green Party, MNDP, MLDP), Civil Will–Green Party | 2021 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
| Montenegro | Multi-party | Europe Now, ZBCG (NSD, DNP), Democrats, BS, SNP, ASh, UCG, Civic, LDSh, FORCA, UDSh Democratic Party of Socialists, United Reform Action, Social Democrats, HGI | 2023 (presidential) 2023 (legislative) |
| Morocco | Multi-party | National Rally of Independents, Authenticity and Modernity Party, Istiqlal Party Socialist Union of Popular Forces, Popular Movement, UC–MDS, PPS, PJD, FFD, PSU, AFG | 2021 (general) |
| Mozambique | Dominant-party | FRELIMO PODEMOS, RENAMO, MDM | 2024 (general) |
| Myanmar | Military junta | State Administration Council (civilian government suspended), USDP, PPP, NDF, KPP, PNO, ZCD, MUP De jure no opposition. General elections suspended due to ongoing civil war. | 2021 coup d'état |
| Namibia | Dominant-party | SWAPO IPC, AR, PDM, LPM, UDF, NEFF, SWANU, RP, NUDO, APP, NDP, BCP | 2024 (general) |
| Nauru | Multi-party | Independents, Nauru First Opposition independents | 2022 (parliament) |
| Nepal | Multi-party | NC, CPN (UML), PSP, LSP-N, NUP, Janamat, PSP-N Socialist Front (CPN (MC), RSP, CPN (US), NSP), RPP, AJP, NWPP, RJM | 2022 (general) |
| Netherlands | Multi-party | PVV, VVD, NSC, BBB GL/PvdA, D66, CDA, SP, FvD, PvdD, SGP, CU, DENK, Volt, JA21, 50PLUS, OPNL | 2023 (general) |
| New Zealand | Multi-party | National Party, ACT New Zealand, New Zealand First Labour Party (official opposition), Green Party, Te Pāti Māori | 2023 (general) |
| Nicaragua | Dominant-party | Sandinista National Liberation Front, YATAMA Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, CCN, APRE | 2021 (general) |
| Niger | Military junta | CSNP (civilian government suspended), M62 Movement | 2023 coup d'état |
| Nigeria | Multi-party | All Progressives Congress Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), Labour Party, NNPP, APGA, ADC, SDP, YPP, ADP | 2023 (general) |
North Macedonia | Multi-party | Your Macedonia (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM), VLEN (ASh, Besa, LD, AAA, LVV), ZNAM For a European Future (SDSM, NSDP, LDP), European Front (BDI, ASh, LP, TDP, THDH), Levica, PDSh | 2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Norway | Multi-party | Labour Party, Centre Party Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus | 2025 (parliament) |
| Oman | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (general) |
| Pakistan | Multi-party | PMLN, MQM-P, PML (Q), IPP, PPP, BAP, NP, PML-Z, ANP Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin (PTI, SIC, BNP-M, MWM, PMAP JI, JUI (F)), TLP), AP), | 2024 (general) |
| Palau | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2024 (general) |
| Panama | Multi-party | Realizing Goals, Alliance Party, PRD, CD, Panameñista, MOLIRENA, PP Coalición Vamos, Another Way Movement | 2024 (general) |
Papua New Guinea | Multi-party | Pangu, URP, NA, People's, SDP, PFP, PNGP, ULP, Advance, National, AP, Green, Liberal, MAP, NGP, ODP, PLP, PMC, PPP, PRP, Destiny, THE People's National Congress Party | 2022 (general) |
| Paraguay | Dominant-party | Colorado Party Authentic Radical Liberal Party, National Crusade, Yo Creo, PEN, PPQ, PPS, Guasú Front, PDP | 2023 (general) |
| Peru | Multi-party | Non-partisan government; Popular Force, Alliance for Progress, Podemos Perú, Free Peru, Popular Action, Magisterial Bloc, We Are Peru Popular Renewal, Together for Peru, Avanza País, Socialist Bloc, Popular Democratic Bloc, Honor and Democracy, First The People | 2021 (general) 2022 crisis |
| Philippines | Multi-party | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas (PFP, Lakas–CMD, NUP, NPC, Nacionalista) PDP, Liberal Party, Akbayan, KNP, LDP, PMP, PRP, UNA, CDP, Aksyon, Makabayan (ACT Teachers, Kabataan) | 2025 (general) |
| Poland | Multi-party | KO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ, T!DPL, AU, Ip), TD (KP, PL2050, CdP, Ip), The Left (NL, UP, PPS, Ip) United Right (PiS, OdNowa RP, Ip), Confederation (NN, RN, Ip), Razem, Free Republicans, (Kukiz'15, WiD), Confederation of the Polish Crown | 2025 (presidential) 2023 (parliament) |
| Portugal | Multi-party | Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic Party, CDS – People's Party) Chega, Socialist Party, IL, LIVRE, PCP, Left Bloc, PAN | 2025 (parliament) 2021 (presidential) |
| Qatar | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2021 (general) |
| Romania | Multi-party | PSD, PNL, USR, UDMR/RMDSZ, Ethnic minority parties AUR, SOS RO, POT | 2025 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
| Russia | Dominant-party | United Russia, LDPR (incl. Rodina and Civic Platform), A Just Russia – For Truth Communist Party (incl. DPA, DNZS and Left Front), New People | 2024 (presidential) 2021 (legislative) |
| Rwanda | Dominant-party | Rwandan Patriotic Front Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party, Ideal Democratic Party, DGPR, PSI | 2024 (general) |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Multi-party | Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party, People's Action Movement | 2022 (general) |
| Saint Lucia | Two-party | Saint Lucia Labour Party United Workers Party | 2021 (general) |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Two-party | Unity Labour Party New Democratic Party | 2020 (general) |
| Samoa | Two-party | Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi Human Rights Protection Party, Samoa Uniting Party | 2025 (general) |
| San Marino | Multi-party | Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, Libera–PS, PSD, Reformist Alliance Future Republic, Domani Motus Liberi, RETE Movement | 2024 (general) |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Multi-party | Independent Democratic Action MLSTP/PSD, MCI/PS-PUN, Basta | 2021 (presidential) 2022 (legislative) |
| Saudi Arabia | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | No elections |
| Senegal | Multi-party | PASTEF, Awalé, Avenir Sénégal, MRLD, SET Takku Wallu Sénégal (APR, PDS, Rewmi), Sàmm sa Kàddu (MTS, LS/MPR), Jàmm ak Njariñ (PS, AFP), PUR | 2024 (presidential) 2022 (legislative) |
| Serbia | Dominant-party | SNS coalition (SPS, PS, SNP, SPO, NSS, SSD), SPS, PUPS, SDPS, SPP, SPO, DSHV, VMSZ, JS, ZS–USS–RS, Zeleni PSS, NPS–NLS, NADA (NDSS, POKS), ZLF, SRCE, DS, MI–GIN, MI–SN, EU, PSG–SDAS–PVD, USS Sloga | 2023 (legislative) 2022 (general) |
| Seychelles | Two-party | Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP) United Seychelles | 2020 (general) |
| Sierra Leone | Two-party | Sierra Leone People's Party All People's Congress | 2023 (general) |
| Singapore | Dominant-party | People's Action Party Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party | 2025 (general) |
| Slovakia | Multi-party | Smer, Hlas, Slovak National Party, NK/NEKA Progressive Slovakia, S–KÚ–ZĽ–NOVA, SaS (incl. OKS), KDH, Democrats | 2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Slovenia | Multi-party | Freedom Movement, Social Democrats, The Left Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia, Democrats | 2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential) |
Solomon Islands | Multi-party | OUR Party, People First Party, Kadere Party, pro-government independents Democratic Party, United Party, Party for Rural Advancement, Umi for Change, Democratic Alliance Party | 2024 (general) |
| Somalia | Multi-party | Union for Peace and Development Party Tayo, Himilo Qaran, Kaah, Wadajir, Ilays | 2021–22 (parliament) 2022 (presidential) |
| South Africa | Multi-party | African National Congress, Democratic Alliance, IFP, PA, VF+, UDM, Al Jama-ah, Good, PAC, RISE Progressive Caucus (MK Party, EFF, ATM, UAT), ActionSA, ACDP, BOSA, NCC | 2024 (general) |
| South Sudan | Dominant-party | Sudan People's Liberation Movement SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance | 2010 (general) |
| Spain | Multi-party | PSOE, Sumar (SMR, IU, Podemos, CatComú, MM, Compromís, CHA, Més), ERC, EH Bildu, EAJ/PNV, Junts, BNG, CCa People's Party, Vox, UPN | 2023 (general) |
| Sri Lanka | Multi-party | NPP (Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna) Samagi Jana Balawegaya, ITAK, NDF, SLPP, SLMC, SB, DTNA, ACTC, SLLP | 2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Sudan | Military junta | Ongoing war between the Transitional Sovereignty Council and Government of Peace and Unity Parliament dissolved, Forces of Freedom and Change, SPLM–N (al-Hilu), SLM (al-Nur) | Transition to democracy See also: Civil war |
| Suriname | Multi-party | National Democratic Party, ABOP, NPS, Pertjajah Luhur, BEP, A20 Progressive Reform Party | 2025 (general) |
| Sweden | Multi-party | Moderate Party, Christian Democrats, Liberals, Sweden Democrats Social Democratic Party, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party | 2022 (general) |
| Switzerland | Multi-party | Swiss People's Party, Social Democratic Party, FDP.The Liberals, The Centre Green Party, Green Liberal Party, Evangelical People's Party, Federal Democratic Union, Ticino League, MCG | 2023 (general) |
| Syria | Transitional government | Transitional Government (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham) No legislature formed, Syrian Interim Government, Syrian Democratic Forces | None; see 2024 offensives |
| Tajikistan | Dominant-party | People's Democratic Party, Agrarian Party, Communist Party Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party, Socialist Party | 2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament) |
| Tanzania | Dominant-party | Chama Cha Mapinduzi Chadema, ACT–Wazalendo, Civic United Front | 2020 (general) |
| Zanzibar | Dominant-party | Chama Cha Mapinduzi ACT–Wazalendo, ADC, AFP, TADEA | 2020 (general) |
| Thailand | Multi-party | PTP, BJT, UTN, DP, CTP, Prachachat, Kla Tham, CPP, TRP, PPRP–T, NDP People's Party, PPRP–P, TST, FP, TPP, TLP | 2023 (general) |
| Togo | Dominant-party | Union for the Republic ADDI, ANC, DMP, FDR | 2025 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Tonga | Two-party | Independents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tongan nobles Independents, Tonga People's Party | 2021 (general) |
Trinidad and Tobago | Two-party | United National Congress People's National Movement, Tobago People's Party | 2025 (general) |
| Tobago | Two-party | Tobago People's Party Progressive Democratic Patriots, Tobago Council of the PNM | 2021 (legislative) |
| Tunisia | Dominant-party | Non-partisan government; 25th of July Movement, Voice of the Republic People's Movement, Democratic Patriots' Unified Party | 2024 (president) 2022–23 (parliament) |
| Turkey | Multi-party | Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, HÜDA PAR, DSP CHP, DEM, İYİ, Saadet–Gelecek, DEVA, YRP, DP, TİP, DBP, EMEP | 2023 (president) 2023 (parliament) |
| Turkmenistan | Dominant-party | Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, TSTP No parliamentary opposition | 2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential) |
| Tuvalu | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2024 (general) |
| Uganda | Dominant-party | National Resistance Movement National Unity Platform, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, Justice Forum, PPP | 2021 (general) |
| Ukraine | Multi-party | Servant of the People, Platform for Life and Peace, For the Future, Dovira European Solidarity, Batkivshchyna, Holos, Restoration of Ukraine, Svoboda | 2019 (president) 2019 (parliament) |
United Arab Emirates | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (parliament) |
United Kingdom | Multi-party | Labour Party (incl. Labour Co-op) Conservative Party (opposition), Lib Dems, SNP, Sinn Féin, IA, Reform UK, GPEW, Plaid, SDLP, Alliance, TUV, UUP, Your | 2024 (general) |
Northern Ireland | Multi-party | Sinn Féin, DUP, Alliance, UUP SDLP, TUV, People Before Profit | 2022 (parliament) |
| Scotland | Multi-party | Scottish National Party Scottish Conservatives, Scottish Labour, Scottish Greens, Scottish Liberal Democrats, Alba Party | 2021 (parliament) |
| Wales | Dominant-party | Welsh Labour Welsh Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Welsh Liberal Democrats | 2021 (parliament) |
| United States | Two-party | Republican Party Democratic Party | 2024 (general) |
| Uruguay | Multi-party | Broad Front Republican Coalition (PN, PC, CA, PI), Sovereign Identity | 2024 (general) |
| Uzbekistan | Dominant-party | Democratic bloc (Liberal Democratic Party, Milliy Tiklanish) People's Democratic Party, Adolat, Ecological Party | 2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
| Vanuatu | Multi-party | LPV, Iauko Group, Vanua'aku Pati, GJP, RMC UMP, RDP, Laverwo, PPP, Nagriamel, NCM, VPDP | 2025 (general) |
| Vatican City | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2025 (papal conclave) |
| Venezuela | Dominant-party | GPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, MSV, PODEMOS, APC, MEP, ORA, UPP) PUD (AD, Copei, UNT, VP, PJ, MPV, Convergencia, EC, La Causa Я, PRVZL | 2020 (parliament) 2024 (presidential) |
| Vietnam | One-party | Communist Party of Vietnam, Fatherland Front | 2021 (parliament) |
| Yemen | Dominant-party | General People's Congress Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party | 2012 (presidential) 2003 (parliament) See also 2014–2015 takeover |
| Zambia | Multi-party | United Party for National Development Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress | 2021 (general) |
| Zimbabwe | Dominant-party | ZANU–PF Citizens Coalition for Change | 2023 (general) |
Dependencies and subnational territories
| Country | Territory | Party system | Ruling party or coalition Other parties | Last election |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | Dominant-party | Pro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF) Third Side, Pro-democracy camp | 2021 (legislative) 2023 (local) | |
| Macau | Dominant-party | Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL) Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power | 2025 (legislative) | |
| Denmark | Faroe Islands | Multi-party | Social Democratic Party, Republic, Progress Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party | 2022 (general) |
| Greenland | Multi-party | Democrats, Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Atassut Naleraq | 2025 (general) | |
| Finland | Åland | Multi-party | Liberals, Centre, Social Democrats ObS, Moderate Coalition, Sustainable Initiative | 2023 (legislative) |
| France | French Guiana | Multi-party | DVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans | 2021 (regional) |
French Polynesia | Multi-party | Tāvini Huiraʻatira Tāpura Huiraʻatira, A here ia Porinetia, ʻĀmuitahiraʻa o te Nūnaʻa Māʻohi | 2023 (legislative) | |
| Guadeloupe | Multi-party | GUSR, DVC Plural Left | 2021 (regional) | |
| Mayotte | Multi-party | The Republicans, NÉMA, DVD MDM, Renaissance, DVC | 2021 (legislative) | |
New Caledonia | Multi-party | Caledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC | 2019 (legislative) | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Two-party | Archipelago Tomorrow (LR) Together for the Future (PRG) | 2022 (legislative) | |
Wallis and Futuna | Multi-party | DVG, PS Independents, DVC, DVR, LR | 2022 (legislative) | |
| Netherlands | Aruba | Multi-party | Aruban People's Party, FUTURO People's Electoral Movement, Aruban Patriotic Party | 2024 (general) |
| Bonaire | Multi-party | Bonaire People's Movement Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union | 2023 (general) | |
| Curaçao | Multi-party | Movement for the Future of Curaçao, National People's Party Real Alternative Party, Partido MAN | 2025 (general) | |
| Sint Maarten | Multi-party | URSM, Democratic Party, Party for Progress, NOW National Alliance, United People's Party | 2024 (general) | |
| New Zealand | Cook Islands | Multi-party | Cook Islands Party, Pro-government independents Democratic Party, Cook Islands United Party, One Cook Islands Movement | 2022 (general) |
| Niue | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (general) | |
| Tokelau | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (general) | |
| United Kingdom | Alderney | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2024 (general) |
| Anguilla | Two-party | Anguilla United Front Anguilla Progressive Movement | 2025 (general) | |
| Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2025 (general) | ||
| Bermuda | Two-party | Progressive Labour Party One Bermuda Alliance | 2025 (general) | |
British Virgin Islands | Multi-party | Virgin Islands Party Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, NDP, Progressives United | 2023 (general) | |
Cayman Islands | Multi-party | Caymanian Community Party, Cayman Islands National Party People's Progressive Movement | 2025 (general) | |
Falkland Islands | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2021 (general) | |
| Gibraltar | Multi-party | GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG) Gibraltar Social Democrats | 2023 (general) | |
| Guernsey | Multi-party | Independents Forward Guernsey | 2025 (general) | |
| Isle of Man | Multi-party | Independents Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party | 2021 (general) | |
| Jersey | Multi-party | Independents, Reform Jersey, Advance Jersey Independents, Better Way | 2022 (general) | |
| Montserrat | Two-party | United Alliance People's Democratic Movement (official opposition), Movement for Change and Prosperity | 2024 (general) | |
Pitcairn Islands | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2023 (general) | |
Saint Helena | Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2025 (general) | |
| Non-partisan | Independents (no political parties) | 2025 (general) | ||
Turks and Caicos Islands | Two-party | Progressive National Party People's Democratic Movement | 2025 (general) | |
| United States | Puerto Rico | Two-party | New Progressive Party PPD, Puerto Rican Independence Party, PD, MVC | 2024 (general) |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Multi-party | Democratic Party Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement | 2022 (gubernatorial) 2024 (general) |
Disputed territories
| Country | Party system | Ruling party or coalition Other parties | Last election |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazia | Multi-party | Pro-government independents, Amtsakhara, Aitaira Opposition independents | 2025 (presidential) 2022 (parliament) |
| Afghanistan | Non-partisan | Taliban | None; see 2021 takeover |
| Kosovo | Multi-party | Vetëvendosje, Guxo, Alternativa, KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK, AKR, JGP, RI, GI SPO | 2025 (parliament) |
Northern Cyprus | Multi-party | National Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party Republican Turkish Party, People's Party | 2020 (presidential) 2022 (parliament) |
| Palestine | Multi-party | PLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip) | 2006 (legislative) |
| One-party | Polisario Front | 2023 (legislative) | |
| Somaliland | Multi-party | Waddani, Justice and Welfare Party Kulmiye | 2024 (presidential) 2021 (parliament) |
| South Ossetia | Multi-party | Nykhaz, People's Party, Communist Party United Ossetia | 2022 (presidential) 2024 (parliament) |
Taiwan (Republic of China) | Multi-party | Democratic Progressive Party Kuomintang, Taiwan People's Party | 2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative) |
| Transnistria | Dominant-party | Obnovlenie No parliamentary opposition; Transnistrian Communist Party | 2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative) |
Supranational entities
| Country | Party system | Ruling party or coalition Other parties | Last election |
|---|---|---|---|
European Union | Multi-party | EPP, PES, ALDE ECR, Patriots.eu, EGP, ESN, ELA, EDP, EFA, PEL, ECPM | 2024 (parliament) |
See also
- List of banned political parties
- List of basic political science topics
- List of countries without political parties
- List of current heads of state and government
- List of democracy and elections-related topics
- List of election results
- List of frivolous parties
- List of national leaders
- Lists of political parties
- List of political parties by region
Notes
- Independent pro-monarchy politicians dominate Bahrain's political system.
- The Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus asserts that it is an opposition party, but supports the presidency of Alexander Lukashenko nonetheless.
- Iran's parties must adhere to a religious system of governance.
- Independent pro-monarchy politicians dominate Jordan's political system.
- All opposition parties against the Junta were banned. Former ruling party National League for Democracy, which was overthrown by the military coup in 2021 formed National Unity Government with small minor parties, allied with anti-government armed groups and revolted against the Junta caused the civil war.
- All registered parties in Uzbekistan are not in opposition to the current government of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
- Competing factions of the General People's Congress are in charge of different parts of the country in the course of the ongoing civil war. In North Yemen, the Houthi movement-aligned faction loyal to party founder Ali Abdullah Saleh only partially shares power with the movement.
- Independent politicians dominate Jersey's political system.
- All political parties are banned as "un-Islamic". The Taliban is the only legal political force in the current regime.
- See also Political status of Taiwan and One China
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